A quantitative analytical method for the study of the LLE in protein - K2HPO4-KH2PO4- PEG aqueous two - phase systems has been established. The partition coefficients of six proteins in K2HPO4- KH2PO4- PEG4000 aqueous two - phase systems were measured experimentally at 25 ℃. The Baskir adsorption lattice model combined with the Pitzer long range electrostatic term was proposed to calculate the partition coefficient of the proteins for the aqueous two-phase systems including electrolytes. The 16 sets of distribution data of proteins can be predicted successfully by use of two adsorption parameters regressed from 6 sets of experimental data. An empirical formula correlating partition coefficient and tie line length was proposed.

Instantaneous images of gas - solid flow structure in High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed (HDCFB) are presented by means of a one -dimensional optical -fiber image analytic system specially developed for this experiment. The research is carried out in a circulating fluidized bed 9 m in height and 186 mm in ID. The operating conditions are in the range ug:0-8. 0 m/s, Gs:18-180 kg/(m2 · s) and bed voidage: 0. 65-0. 99. The distributions of the cluster characteristics along the radial direction,such as the probability of the cluster appearance, the radial cluster size, and the axial cluster interception time, are obtained through the statistics and correlation analysis of the cluter images. It is shown that the cluster characteristics are mainly affected by bed density and gas velocity. When gas velocity and solid flux are kept constant, radial cluster size, axial cluster interception time and the probability of cluster appearance decrease along the bed height, i. e. ,they decrease with decreasing bed density. When bed density is kept constant, all the above three cluster parameters decrease with increasing gas velocity.

Experimental determination and parameter estimation for kinetic constant of both Pt - Sn/Al2O3 and Pt - Re/Al2O3 reforming catalysts were made with the sixteen - lump kinetic model for catalytic reforming. The verification results with respect to varying reaction conditions and stock compositions showed that the layer - built determination method and parameter estimation method for kinetic parameters are correct and reliable.

In order to ues the sixteen - lumped kinetic model for catalytic reforming in commercial units, The authors analyzed characteristics of reforming reactor, established both fixed and moving bed reactor models, set up unit factors and developed a commercial application software. Through verification with three catalytic reforming units of SPC etc,the results show that the model is reliable fits well, and the commercial application software is simple and effective.

In this paper, the primary chains are regarded as the basic unit constituting a macromolecule. There upon it, the gel fraction of the product is generally modelled in the chain crosslinking system. Furthermore a practical model correlating the gel fraction of the product with the polymerization conditions is developed in the vinyl chloride - divinyl monomer suspension copolymerization. The model parameter is estimated in the VC - diallyl phthalate copolymerization. The model could correlate well the gel fraction of the product with the polymerization conditions.

A separated model is developed for the recirculating flow and heat transfer in a kettle reboiler tube bundle. Subcooled boiling at the bottom of the bundle and some recirculating liquid entering the bundle from its sides are considered. Compared with previous models, this model has more reasonable agreement with the experimental results by Cornwell et al. The effects of heat flux, liquid level and subcooled boiling length on the recirculating flow rate and heat transfer coefficient are examined. The height of subcooled fraction of the tube bundle decreases with increasing heat flux. Therefore, the effect of subcooled boiling is outstanding at low and middle heat flux. Owing to the existence of side flow,the recirculating flow rate increases for higher tube rows in the subcooled boiling region, and maintains constant in the saturated boiling region.

On the ground of general control equations, by paying attention to heat transfer characteristics in thermal entrance region and optimizing relations which affect the heat transfer, such as ones for velocity fields , eddy diffusivities for heat and momentum transfer, the present authors established a calculation model easy to be solved with the help of computer program. With the further simplified conditions, the effect of an axial heat conduction on heat transfer to liquid sodium in thermal entrance region was calculted and analyzed.

A stimulus - response method by using feed stream as tracer is used to study axial mixing and mass transfer characteristics in pulsed sieve plate extraction column of 15cm in diameter. The "true" height of transfer unit and the axial mixing coefficients evaluated by this method are in good agreement with those. evaluated by the conventional steady - state concentration profiles method. The present method is suitable for research work in large experimental columns. It is much simpler in operation, much less in time and material consumption. Furthermore a greater operation range, e. g. flow ratio (org. /aq. ),could be used in experiments with the present method.

A local optimal solution often occurs in the training process of artificial neural network. To cope with this situation, a new training method of BP net is proposed. The method has been applied to training a net with 13 decision variables and another net for modeling optimizing operation of FCC main fractionator with 108 decision variables. The results show that the method can overcome successfully the problems of local optimal solution and speed up training process.

On the basis of the fundamental theory of statistical mechanics and Eyrings absolute rate theory, a general theoretical model for the description of liquid diffusivity was developed. In this model, the influences of temperature, pressure and composition on liquid diffusivity were comprehensively considered. From the model:① an equation which can be used to correlate liquid self - diffusivity under high pressure was obtained,② a new equation was derived to calculate the mutual diffusivity at different concentrations in binary solutions, ③a general equation was developed for calculating the diffusivity at infinite dilution. All these equations were applied to practical liquid systems and the calculating results showed that the equations proposed has a higher accuracy in calculating liquid diffusivity than those of literature.

A new method of determining the critical transition point from bubbling to stabilized fluidized bed is presented in this paper. By measuring the void fluctuation in the bed with a capacitance probe and treating the measured data with stochastic method, the curves of dominant frequency Fd of void fluctuation vs magnetic intensity, H can be obtained. The extreme point in the Fd-H curve, i. e Fd reaches a maximum, corresponds to the critical transition point from bubbling to stabilized fluidized bed. The experimental results show that the critical transition point determined by this method corresponds well with that proposed by Rosensweigs transition rule.

The orbital energies and the charge densities of additive molecules 1,4-butanediol, 2 - butyne -1,4- diol, 2 - butene-1,4 - diol, nicotinamide, isonicotinamide and quinoline etc. for Ni electroplating were calculated with CNDO/2 method. It was found that there is a correlation between the frontier orbital energies of these molecules and there leveling property. The adsorption model and leveling mechanism were studied. According to orbital symmetry, the adsorptive bonding type of the additives on Ni surface was discussed. In addition, the molecules of oxalicacid and 1, 4 -butane diacid were calculated which are predicted to have good leveling and proved by experiments.

The paper proposes an identification model of axial dispersion coefficient, phase e-quilibrium constant and lumped mass transfer coefficient in the process of large scale liquid chromatography separation. The parameters are determined by using pulse response experiment technique and liquid chromatography technique. The results show that (1) axial dispersion coefficient increases as the fluid velocity and packing density of fixed bed increase; (2) eddy dispersion is dominant in axial dispersion; (3) the effect of phase equilibrium constants on the chromatographic separation are more sensitive than lumped mass transfer coefficients; (4) phase equilibrium constants decrease as the temperature rises, lumped mass transfer coefficients increase as temperature rises and fluid velocity increases and (5) theoretical elution curves are in good agreement with experiment elution curves.

The Mass transfer on three-phase distillation has been investigated. Water -paraffin oil and water-kerosene and paraffin mixture were used as the two immiscible liquids and air as the third phase. Three sieve tray designs were studied in a 600 × 150mm rectangular simulator. Under spray and froth flow regimes, the effects of operating conditions (vapor velocity. liquid rate. oil-water ratio )and tray design (hole diameter and free area)on mass transfer were systematically investigated. Three-phase mass transfer of gas film controlling and liquid film controlling was measured experimentally. It was found that the plate efficiency in spray regime is higher than that in mixed regime, Finally, the correlations of plate efficiency for three- phase mass transfer in spray and mixed regimes were obtained by regression of experimental data.

An analytical study on the free convective filmwise condensation heat transfer of a nonazeotropic binary mixture on a flat plate is checked by experiments with R22 - Rl42b mixtures over a wide range of mass fractions of each component. The analytical results agree well with experimental data.

The reaction activities of ZSM - 5 and 7 - A12O3 for disproportionation of toluene under supercritical conditions was investigated. The experiments for 7 - A12O3 disclosed that coke deposition on the catalyst was inhibited and the activity of 7 - A12O3 was maintained constant under the supercritical conditions. The results of the runs on ZSM - 5 indicated that coke formation could not be prevented and thus the activity could not be maintained under supercritical conditions. The mechanism of prevention of coke formation was discussed.

A new type of cyclonic divider has been developed to adjust and control powder dividing adapted to high temperature operation environment. On the basis of the experimental studies of the unit cyclonic divider,the effects of dividers structural parameters on the dividing ratio were obtained. In the on -line experiments, the structure of the divider was modified to fit the special conditions of the Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB). The performance of the divider was also investigated in the on - line cold model, which could provide the reliable basis for hot model experiments and practical uses.

The role of dioxane in the cationic polymerization system of IBVE/Cl2/TiCl4 is discussed. It is for the first time to achieve the living cationic polymerization of IBVE in the presence of dioxane. UV spectroscopy was used to characterize the role of dioxane on the propagating chain end. The complexing and solvating mechanism were proposed.

A micro - holographic interferometer of two - wavelength lasers has been designed and constructed. The concentration profiles close to the interface of liquid side were successfully measured for multicomponent gas - liquid mass transfer. It was discovered that the measured concentration at a distance 0. 01mm away from the interface was far from the thermodynamic equilibrium value, and thus a steep concentration gradient existed near the interface. The turbulent phenomena near the interface during interphase mass transfer were noted by experiment. The turbulent intensity and time were related to the composition and the components of the system to be studied, and also affected by the velocity of each phase. The concentration field near frontal interface was different from that of tail - vortex area for the mass transfer around a bubble.