According to Bagleys definition of solubility parameter, an expression is established which could be used to calculate solubility parameter of liquids at various temperature where ρm is molar density of liquid. A and B are two correlative characteristic constants. For the general small molecule liquids both A and B are functions of molecular size only. A method of group contributions is developed to determine accurately characteristic constant A of various liquids from their structural formulae. The predicted solubility parameters showed an average relative deviation from the experimental values of about ±0.8% tor sixty liquids.

The heat transfer in forced convective condensation of immiscible R-113 and water in a horizontal smooth tube was studied experimentally. Seven types of internal spiral fin (ISF) tubes were used for studying the mechanism of heat transfer augmentation both for smooth tube and ISF tubes. The experimental results indicated that water and liquid R-113 flow patterns during condensation controlled the heat transfer rate and the mechanism was very complex. However, the flow patterns can be generally considered to be one of three ideal types, i. e 1. channeling flow; 2.standing-drop flow; 3. film-drop flow. The channeling flow model which assumed that heat transfer resistance of water and R-113 were in parallel was verified by the experiments. The heat transfer coefficient of channeling flow was larger than that of others. ISF tubes affected the condensate flow patterns and increased the Nusselt number of . tube side condensation by 1,13 to 5.32 times of pure R-113 condensed in a smooth tube with only a little increase in pressure drop.

On the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental study, the gas-solidinteraction in a concurrent downflow fast fluidized bed (CDFFB) with i. d. 140mm and height 5.8m was studied. In that case the gas-solids flow along the flow direction can be divided into three sections: the first acceleration section, the second acceleration section and the constant velocity section. The axial pressure gradient profile and the length of the first acceleration section were measured under different operating conditions (gas velocites in the range of 1.3 to 10m/s and solids circulating rates in the range of 30 to 180 kg/m2·s) and different particle properties (four kinds of particle were used).

A mathematical model of gas-solids flow behavior of a concurrent down-flow fast fluidization bed was established on the basis of hydrodynamics study. Experimental data of bed pressure and pressure gradient under different operating conditions of four kinds of particles were correlated to give an equation of model parameter Cd: where AK=(1 + 2.78/m) × 14.1/Fr The physical quantities characterizing concurrent gas-solids downflow were predicted with the model and C correlation and compared with measured ones. The model was found effective in describing the hydrodynamics of concurrent gas-solids downflow.

The mechanism of activity loss oi RuO2-TiO2 anode (DSA) in saturated NaCl solution was studied in terms of electrochemistry and surface physics. The information obtained in different periods of electrolysis showed that the loss of the activity of the DSA took place gradually. The contents and the structure of the RuO2-TiO2 containing layer changed continuously and the dissolution of the Ru component was main reason for the degradation of the DSA. The titanium hydroxide precipitated on the electrode surface also accelerates the loss of activity oi the DSA. The cracking corrosion in the coating layer was another reason for the activity loss. No obvious evidence was found to prove the happening of passivation of the DSA.

Boiling heat transfer of flowing high Prandtl number fluids was studied experimentally in different types oi thermosyphon boiling device with various geometrical dimensions. The working media were ethanol, acetone and iso-butanol. The range oi Prandtl number was from 3.81 to 26.3. Experimental results were compared with predicted values calculated by different correlations from literature. The influence ot Prandtl number on two-phase flow heat transfer was in terms oi its mechanism. The correlations of two-phase flow factor, Ftp were examined and discussed.

This paper studies the effects of conversion, polymerization temperature, nature and concentration of chain transfer agents on the average molecular weight of poly (vinyl chloride), and proposes a regulation model of the average molecular weight of PVC. The model may be used to estimate the average molecular weight of PVC in the polymerization process with mercaptoethanol or trichloroethylene as chain transfer agent.

In this paper, the mass transfer problem of laminar natural convection for non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids is studied. The Oldroyd model with three parameters is used as an constitutive equation. Experiments were carried out with an electrochemical method. A comparison between the theoretical results and electrochemical experimental data was made.It was found that apparently asymptotic solutions conformed very well with electrochemical experimental data and the elasticity of viscoelastic fluids had a definite eitect on the process of mass transfer.

The size distribution of dispersed droplets in W/O and (W/O)/W systems prepared in a standard stirred tank was measured by an Automatic Particle Analyzer and microphotography incorporated with an IBAS Image Analysis . system. Different emulsions were prepared at various stirrer speeds with two kinds of surfactants for the study. Mathematical models for estimating Sauter mean diameters of droplets for W/O and(W/O)/W dispersion systems, dp32 and d32, were developed respectively as equations (12) and (22), other than the effects of geometric parameter of vessel Dt, the operational parameter Nr and the properties of liquids usually considered, the effects of interfacial viscosity and emulsion viscosity were included in the equations. The equations fitted the experimental data quite well.

The breakage of liquid surfactant membrane (as determined by leakage ot K ons from the internal phase to the external phase) was investigated. A physical model that leakage will occur only when the external and internal interfacial membranes are simultaneously broken, was proposed to describe emulsion breakup. On the basis of this physical model, a mathematical model for estimating the breakage rate, Kb, was developed. The predicted values by means of the above equation agreed well with the experimental data of Fuji-nawa (1984), Ma Xinsheng (1987) and the authors.

An automatic boiling temperature control system for the measurement of both isothermal and isobaric vapor liquid equilibrium data.(T-P-x-y)by dynamic method is presented in this paper, along with the principle of temperature control and total pressure measurement. The absolute pressure control in isobaric VLE measurement can reach the precision of ± 0.02mmHg, and in isothermal VLE data measurement, the precision of the constant temperature control is within ± 0.002℃. The total pressure P is determined by using an ebul-liometer to measure the boiling point of pure water which is then converted to the total pressure. The schematic diagram of the system and the experimental procedure are given in detail. Using this automatic control system, isothermal VLE data of methanol (1)-1,2-dichloroethane (2) at 50.00℃ and 60.00℃ were measured, and both of the data sets passed the point-to-point thermodynamic consistency test. The system has the advantages of accuracy, simplicity and rapidity in isothermal VLE data measurement, and in general, a data point can be determined in about 5 to 10 minutes.

The power characteristics were investigated with highly viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in a surface-renewal type reactor under the conditions of three kinds of impeller. The results were correlated by means of the Metzners constant. It was obtained that

An experimental investigation was performed for turbulent heat transfer to liquid sodium in the thermal entrance region. The main characteristicparameters in the experiment are the diameter ratio of the annular d2/dL= 1.54, heat flux g=50W/cm2, Reynolds number Re = 2 × 104- 1.5×105, Peclet number Pe= 122 -1078. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with theoretical prediction. Finally, some empirical relations were obtained for the Nusselt numbers in fully-developed region and in the thermal entrance region respectively and for the length of the thermal entrance region of turbulent flow of liquid sodium:

In this paper the rules ot matches between hot and cold streams in the synthesis of optimized HEN are given. On the basis of the rules and engineering practice, a set of artificial intelligence graphes were developed to be used in the synthesis of optimized HEN. The procedures of synthesise were given as completely analytical algorithm, escaping iterative and evolutionary computations. Nine HEN as examples were synthesised by this method and compared with optimized results in the literature. In synthesising HEN with this method, the streams can be with no splitting, no phase change and no constraint as well as with splitting, phase change and constraints. The method is not limited by the number of streams.

On the basis of the concept of relative gain proposed by Bristol, we set up a new approach which can be used to analyze the interactions among distillation control loops so as to choose the loops which have the least interactions as an alternative optimal control mode. The newly developed approach is more rigorous and accurate than those subset methods and can determine the control mode for a distillation column at a total set scope.

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data of isopropanol-water NH4Cl, LiCl, CaCl2 and acetone- water-NaI were measured with the improved Rose still. A linear relationship between the total pressure and salts mole fraction at a fixed binary composition was obtained. The equation of linear relationship was derived theoretically and the experimental data were correlated with Margules equation.

A permeation swelling model for W/O/W multiple emulsions was developed. Both the osmotic pressure difference between the internal and the external phases and the changes of permeation area with time were considered to obtain the analytic solutions. The model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data. The experimental results indicate that apart from the osmotic pressure gradients, the membrane compositions such as the membrane solvents, the surfactants and the carriers also influenced the swelling. The effect of the oxygen-containing compounds on the swelling was larger than that of the nitrogen-containing compounds.

The vapor pressure of a solution of 2-propanol-zinc chloride at different salt concentrations was determined by using boiling point method. The temperature range of the experiment was from 23 to 92℃ and the pressure range was from 4.0 to 103.0 kPa. The concentration of salt (ZnCl2) reached 30%(wt). The total number of experiment point was 297. The correlation equati ons and their fit parameters were obtained. The relative mean deviation of the calculated and experimental vapor pressure values was ±0.3%. Therefore, the correlation equation are applicable for predicting the vapor pressure of this system in any concentration and temperature within the range of the experimental conditions.