Carbon deposition and catalyst deactivation of a Sb-Fe oxide catalyst for ammoxidation of propylene were investigated by means of a fluidized-bed reactor charged with 10 ml catalyst. The reactivity, surface acidity, specific surface area, average pore radius and ESR spectrum data were obtained with the catalysts of increasing carbon deposition. Chemisorption of oxygen and propylene and TPD (thermal programmed desorption) of propylene were carried out on the commercial Mo-Bi and Sb-Fe oxide catalysts. Isotopic experiment using acrylonitrile-2-14C as tracer was also carried out. The following results were obtained. 1 ) Carbon deposition due to intermediates and acrylonitrile on selective oxidation sites could be the primary reason for catalyst deactivation;2 ) Sb-Fe oxide catalyst has a property of easy reduction and difficult reoxidation, so that the active catalyst structure-FeSbO4 would be decomposed under oxygen-poor condition into Sb2O3 and 2-Fe2O3 which forms the deep oxidation catalyst component. A suggestion for improving catalyst properties has been proposed from these results.

In the fluid-solid particles reaction system, the rate of reaction in general is influenced by the solid reactant concentration left in the solid particles as well as by the operating conditions such as temperature and pressure. Under these conditions, calculation of extent of reaction of solid particles in a multistage reactor must be based on the residence time distribution (RTD) of solid particles in each stage of the reactor system. By using either Dirac function d(o) or the probability density function for sums of independent random variables, the RTD of the particles in each stage of continuously stirred tank reactor(CSTR)was derived in this paper. The probability density function was also used to derive the general formula for calculation of extent of reaction of solid particles in CSTR. This equation could be as well obtained from the probability density function of the solid reactant concentration distribution. For several special reaction rate equations, general formulas for calculation of the extent of reaction in any number of stages of CSTR were given, when analytical solution is rather difficult to find with complex reaction rate equations, numerical methods for calculation of the probability density function stage by stage were investigated with either the reaction time or the fractional degree of reaction of solid particles used as calculation parameter.

A modified surface film renewal model based on a picture of the mechanism of the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases is proposed.This model explains why the mass transfer rate at the beginning is faster,but will approach steady state after a certain period. A graphical presentation for calculations based on the methmatical model derived is suggested. Data for several mass transfer processes taken from the literature were examined and their respective surface renewal frequencies, 5, were calculated with results more practical than those from Danckwerts model.

Liquid membrance extraction are a new and effective technique for separation of mixtures. They are made by forming an emulsion of two immisicible phases and then dispersing the emulsion in a third phase(the continuous phase). In this paper, we have treated the phenolic waste water, which contains 300-950 ppm of phenol, with liquid membrance, i. e. NaOH solution in oil. In proper condition, 98% of phenol may be removed and the breakage of the emulsion drops are less then 1 % per hour. The overall diffusivities of phenol through the liquid membrance are also calculated and they show to be a constant.

An apparatus for the measurement of vapor pressure of solutions by static method is established. It includes an equilibrium cell, mercury manometer, degassing vessel and high vacuum device. With these apparatus, the vapor pressure of acetic acid-water binary mixture over the temperature range 25-75℃ were determined. In order to get complete isothermal vapor liquid equilibrium data, the equilibrium vapor compositions were calculated by a direct thermodynamic method developed by us formerly. The vapor phase association has been taken into consideration in calculations.The results are presented in tabular form. A thermodynamically derived polynomial formula correlating the activity coefficients and temperatures has been developed to fit the experimental results. The parameters of the polynomials were obtained by least square method. With the use of these parameters and extrapolating to ordinary pressure, the prediction of bubble points and vapor compositions are in good agreement with the ordinary isobaric experimental data reported in literatures.These parameters can be recommended for the purpose of practical vapor liquid equilibrium calculations over the wide range from low pressure to ordinary pressure.

The authors have designed an equilibrium still with dual circulation of vapor and liquid phases and tested the still with water-acetic acid binary, system. The obtained data were compared with available data in literature and the results are found satisfactory. With the said still, vapor-liquid equilibrium data were measured for three binary systems i. e, methyl iodide-methyl acetate, methyl iodide-methanol, methyl iodide-acetic acid at 760mm Hg pressure. The first two binary systems exibit a minimum azeotrope and the third has no azeotropic behavior. Data were correlated through Wilson, NRTL and WFH equations. Optimum parameters were evaluated by means of damping and nonlinear least square method.

In the temperature range of 76℃ to 120℃, and others studied the kinetics on molybdenum-catalysed epoxidation of propylene with ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, proposed a mechanism model of this reaction and suggested that effective concentration of catalyst is constant during the process of epoxidation. In this paper, the reaction has been studied experimentally based on investigation. After analyzing the data obtained in our experiment and that of , it is shown that the effective concentration of the catalyst is not a constant but a variable, and the consumption rate of the catalyst is in accordance with the first order reaction. Thus, the authors have corrected the mechanism model in literature [3] and indicated that the deactivation mechanism of the catalyst is different from the inhibition mechanism described by.

CO2 gas was stripped from its water solution with, air in a 600 mm experimental tower filled alternately with 50mm Pall ring (having # shapped ribs), 50 mm Pall ring (having * shapped ribs) and cascade mini-ring (type I) all made of polypropylene. Liquid side mass transfer coefficients were measured and compared with those calculated from different correlations. It is found that the equations offered by Ondas et al. give moderately deviated values in comparison with the results of present investigation. It seems that Ondas shap factor atdp does not represent thoroughly the effect of shape characteristics of these new types of packings to liquid side mass transfer coefficients. A modified shape factor is proposed to replace the old one in Ondas correlation. After this modification, the application range of Ondas equation is expanded to include perforated rings (e. g. Pall ring, cascade mini-ring) as well. The new equation for calculating liquid side mass transfer coefficient becomes. The modified shape factors for various types of packings are. This equation is suited for various types of packings given above of nominal size below 50 mm.

Nitrogen adsorption and macromolecular adsorption show that there are more micropores on the surface of the experimental carbon black. We have studied the effect of micropores of black on reinforcement in NR (Natural Rubber), BR (Butadiene Rubber) and SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) by measuring tensile resistance of black filled Vulcanizates. It has been found that under same conditions the bond strength between NR or BR and the experimental black was weaker. This phenomenon is probably due to poreinduced cavity. The effect of roughness of black on tensile resistance of black filled SBR vulcanizate differs from that of NR and BR vulcanizates, because it has different relaxation characteristics.

In this paper, the refractive index and the viscosities of concentrated solutions of cis-polybutadiene were correlated with its concentration (or conversion), average molecular weight and Mooney viscosity. The expressions were as follows: Where n is the differance between the refractive indices of solution and solvent, and is the viscosity of solution at zero shear rate.C,M, and ML are concentration (or coversion), average molecular weight and Mooney viscosity respectively.

With the method suggested by Wang Bu-xuan[4] an approximate theoretical analysis has been presented for steady laminar flow heat transfer of Bingham fluid through a circular tube. Equations have been derived for both boundary conditions, tw=constant and qw=constant. Numerical values of average Nusselt number have been calculated and compared with Hirais data[1,2] with good agreement.