Nitric phosphate fertilizer has been made commercially in Europe for more than 20 years. Although various processes were reported in literature and patents with different features were published, little about equipments and operating conditions has been disclosed. A new process for manufacture nitric phosphate fertilizer was studied. The process was carried out in three steps, i.e. decomposition of phosphate rock by nitric acid, followed by con-tinous ammoniation and carbonation proceeded in six specially designed reactors in series. The reaction in each reactor was controlled by adjusting the pH value of the slurry within a given range. The slurry was mixed with the finer portion of the dried product and granulated. Granulars ware dried in rotery kiln. The specification of the product was as follows: Na -18 - 20%; P2O5 = 13 - 15%; citrate solubility of P3O5 = 92 - 98%.

The natural phosphate rocks were the raw materials in the production of phosphatic fertilizers. In technical point of view, for the evaluation of phosphate rock was not only considered the content of calcium phosphate, but also the amount of harmful minerals containing in it. The mineral sesquioxides were the most harmful substances in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers by the acid decomposition processes. Solubilities of mineral sesquioxides of phosphate rock in nitric, hydrochloric and phosphoric acids would depressed significantly after the calcination of the rock at 900℃ for more than one hour. Hence, it was possible to direct use the phosphate rock containing high in mineral sesquioxides for the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers without previous treatment.

The success-fulness of intensification oxidation of Paraffin depends on the creations for mass and heat transfer and for chain oxidation reaction (chiefly for the induction of the reaction). The effective measures for intensifying the process are indicated. To improve the conditions for induction of chain oxidation reaction (including the addition of catalysts and thermal impulsion) greatly intensifies the oxidation process. Besides, foam method, a new technique in chemical industry, is adopted in the whole process. Conditions for this heterogeneous chain reaction (and at the sametime, exothermic) are recommended, and this makes the foam method to play a particular role in oxidation industry. Circulating foam oxidation method at higher temperature is subsequently suggested, which promotes the volume intensity of the reactor for oxidation process, and further, increases the reaction rate and improves the oxidation products both in quantity and in quality. Jt is confirmed that continuous circulating foam oxidation is effective for obtaining fatty acids, and that alcohols are obtained simultaneously.

The old method of manufacturing stearine is rather cumbersome. Pressing has to be repeated thrice, in order to get rid of the unsaturated acids, otherwise the quality will be inferior This new method is to use soy bean oil or cotton seed oil and Chinese vegetable tallow singly or together as raw materials. After hydrogenation, spliting and distillation, stearine of good quality is obtained. The raw materials must be refined first so that the water content is under 0.1%, the acid number is under 0.5. They are then hydrogenated in a hydrogenator with good stirring, with 0.2-0.25% Ni as catalyst under 5-10 kg/cm2 pressure at 180-200℃. In about three hours, they are almost completely hydrogenated. Spliting conversion reaches about 97% after 6 hrs. The iodine number of the products after distillation is under 1. The product consists of stearic acid and palmitic acid in the ratio of 45:55 or 50:50. It therefore conforms to the specifications as required by the cosmetics industry. This method does not have to use the comparatively Jcarce animal tallows as raw materials.