灭火弹结构对抛撒干水特性影响研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250611

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (11): 6110-6120.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250611

• 过程安全 • 上一篇

灭火弹结构对抛撒干水特性影响研究

汪泉¹^,²(), 徐建设¹, 杨耀勇³, 李瑞¹, 胡彬¹, 冯鼎玉¹, 朱文艳¹, 葛雨¹

^1.安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院，安徽淮南 232001
^2.安徽省新型爆炸材料与爆破技术工程研究中心，安徽淮南 232001
^3.安徽理工大学土木建筑学院，安徽淮南 232001

收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-07-02 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-19
通讯作者: 汪泉
作者简介:汪泉（1980—），男，博士，教授，wqaust@163.com
基金资助:
安徽高校自然科学研究重大项目(2024AH040070);安徽省重点研究与开发计划社会领域项目(2023g07020002)

Study on influence of structure of fire extinguishing agent on characteristics of scattered dry water

Quan WANG¹^,²(), Jianshe XU¹, Yaoyong YANG³, Rui LI¹, Bin HU¹, Dingyu FENG¹, Wenyan ZHU¹, Yu GE¹

^1.School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
^2.Anhui Province Engineering Research Center for New Explosive Materials and Blasting Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
^3.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China

Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-07-02 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-19
Contact: Quan WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火灾一旦发生将造成严重危害，为减少灾害并提升消防灭火能力，通过高速分散法制备了一种由疏水性纳米二氧化硅包覆液体形成具有核壳结构的干水灭火剂，采用超声振荡法混合5-氨基四氮唑和高氯酸钾制备抛撒药，同时基于熔融沉积成型（FDM）3D打印技术，采用聚乳酸材料（PLA）制作100 g微型灭火弹，设计了7种不同灭火弹结构，分别为相同壳体壁厚（0.6 mm）不同装药部位（底部、中心、顶部），以及相同装药部位（中心装药）不同壳体壁厚（0.2、0.4、0.8、1.0 mm），优选出抛撒效果较好的灭火弹结构并进行不同尺寸正庚烷油盘火（200、300、400 mm）灭火实验。结果表明：抛撒药对耐压干水的损坏较小；相较于其他工况，灭火弹采用中心装药、壁厚为0.6 mm时，壳体能够有效破裂，干水抛撒在径向呈现“扁平椭圆柱”状，抛撒速度峰值为57.95 m/s，且产生38.89%拉丝状破片，该破片具有良好弹性，可起到缓冲效果，不会对周围环境造成危害；灭火弹仅用时106 ms扑灭300 mm正庚烷油盘火。本研究可为干水型灭火弹结构优化提供理论依据，同时可为灭火弹扑灭油池火提供参考。

关键词: 灭火弹, 优化设计, 二氧化硅, 干水, 安全

Abstract:

Once a fire occurs, it can cause serious harm. To reduce the risk and improve firefighting capabilities, this study used a high-speed dispersion method to prepare a dry water fire extinguishing agent with a core-shell structure, consisting of a hydrophobic nanosilica-coated liquid. Ultrasonic oscillation was used to mix 5-aminotetrazole and potassium perchlorate to prepare a dispensing agent. Furthermore, a 100 g micro fire extinguishing bomb was fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology. In addition, seven different fire agent structures were designed, namely, the same shell wall thickness (0.6 mm) with varying parts of charging (bottom, center, top), and the same charging part (center charge) with different shell wall thicknesses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0 mm), to optimize the spreading effect of the fire extinguishing agent structure and to carry out the various sizes of the n-heptane oil pan fire (200, 300, 400 mm) fire extinguishing experiments. The results show that spreading chemical on the pressure-resistant dry water damage is small. Compared with other conditions, the fire extinguishing agent using the center of the charge, the wall thickness of 0.6 mm, the shell can effectively rupture. The dry water is dispersed radially in a "flat elliptical column" shape, with a peak dispersion velocity of 57.95 m/s. 38.89% of the generated stringy fragments exhibit good elasticity, providing a cushioning effect and harming the surrounding environment. the fire extinguishing bomb extinguished a 300 mm n-heptane oil pan fire in just 106 ms. This study provides a theoretical basis for the structural optimization of dry water fire extinguishing bombs and can also serve as a reference for fire extinguishing bombs used to extinguish oil pool fires.

Key words: fire extinguishing agent, optimal design, silica, dry water, safety

中图分类号:

TQ 569

汪泉, 徐建设, 杨耀勇, 李瑞, 胡彬, 冯鼎玉, 朱文艳, 葛雨. 灭火弹结构对抛撒干水特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(11): 6110-6120.

Quan WANG, Jianshe XU, Yaoyong YANG, Rui LI, Bin HU, Dingyu FENG, Wenyan ZHU, Yu GE. Study on influence of structure of fire extinguishing agent on characteristics of scattered dry water[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(11): 6110-6120.

图/表 15

表1 实验材料

Table 1 Experimental materials

名称	供应厂商	备注
疏水HB-139纳米SiO₂	湖北汇富纳米材料股份有限公司	纯度≥99.0%
吸水树脂（SAP）	天津市华盛化学试剂有限公司	纯度≥99.0%
5-氨基四氮唑（5-AT，CH₃N₅）	山东科源生化有限公司	纯度≥98.0%
高氯酸钾（KClO₄）	天津市红岩化学试剂厂	纯度≥99.5%
丙酮（CH₃COCH₃）	茂名市润景化工有限公司	纯度≥99.5%
PLA打印耗材	深圳拓竹科技有限公司	Bambu PLA Basic
去离子水	实验室自制	—

表2 实验设备

Table 2 Experimental equipment

名称	供应厂商	型号
高速分散机	湖南力辰仪器科技有限公司	FS400-ST型
超声波清洗机	广州科盟清洁技术有限公司	KM-12C型
磁力搅拌器	常州普天仪器制造有限公司	78-1型
电热鼓风干燥箱	上海一恒科学仪器有限公司	DHG-9070A型
高速摄像机	日本NAC Image Technology公司	NAC Memrecam HX-3型
3D打印机	深圳拓竹科技有限公司	Bambu Lab P1S型

图1 不同抛撒药作用下的干水形态

Fig.1 Dry water patterns under the effect of different casting agents

图2 灭火弹

Fig.2 Fire extinguishing agent

图3 不同结构灭火弹

Fig.3 Fire extinguishing agents of different configurations

图4 拉伸试件制备

Fig.4 Preparation of tensile specimens

图5 厚度0.2 mm的壳体和拉伸试件

Fig.5 Shell and tensile specimen of 0.2 mm thickness

图6 抛撒和灭火平台

Fig.6 Spreading and extinguishing platform

图7 不同等级破片分布

Fig.7 Distribution of different level of broken pieces

图8 不同厚度壳体的拉伸应力应变曲线

Fig.8 Tensile stress-strain curves for shells of different thicknesses

图9 不同装药部位抛撒过程

Fig.9 Spreading process of different loading parts

图10 不同壁厚抛撒过程

Fig.10 Spreading process for different wall thicknesses

图11 不同壁厚抛撒时程和速度

Fig.11 Plot of casting time course and velocity for different wall thicknesses

图12 不同尺寸油盘抛撒灭火过程

Fig.12 The process of fire extinguishing with different sizes of oil pans

图13 抛撒灭火后油盘及灭火前后的干水微观图

Fig.13 Oil pan after fire suppression and microscopic diagrams of dry water before and after fire suppression

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灭火弹结构对抛撒干水特性影响研究

Study on influence of structure of fire extinguishing agent on characteristics of scattered dry water

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