关键词: 厌氧氨氧化, 启动过程, 启动方式, 微生物富集规律

Abstract: The slow growth and long doubling time of Anammox bacteria have become the bottleneck in its applications. This paper reviewed the anammox processes start-up influencing factors，of the including effects of different types of reactors （e.g.，UASB，SBR，fluidized bed reactor and MBR）， and summarized the characteristics of anammox reactors start-up under the influences of different carriers，inoculated sludge，substrate loading rates and operational temperature during the start-up period. The addition of porous fillers （e.g.，non-woven fabric，sponge，biomass carbon，etc.），inoculation of granular sludge，suitable influent concentrations （the nitrite concentration < 100 mg/L） and stepped low temperature acclimation were effective for quick start-up of the anammox process. The paper also introduced difference phases of substrate consumption，stoichiometric relationships between electron donors and acceptors，and recent advances in enrichment ratios of different microbes，microbial structure and the related population dynamics. Finally，this paper proposed future research directions，such as further understanding of the microscopic growth model of anammox bacteria，modification of functional genes，suitable environment growth factors and so on.

Key words: anaerobic ammonium oxidation, start-up process, start-up way, microbial enrichment regulation