高压工况上游泵送机械密封热力变形与密封性能分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230880

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究高压工况下上游泵送机械密封的性能，考虑密封环与润滑液膜间的流固热力耦合作用，建立了其热弹流润滑模型，基于有限单元方法求解液膜润滑方程、密封环热传导方程和热力变形方程，采用三重迭代算法实现膜压、膜厚、温度和变形之间的耦合求解，研究了转速、密封压力和介质温度对上游泵送机械密封端面变形的影响规律，分析了热力变形作用下密封的上游泵送能力。研究结果表明，高压工况下密封端面产生了沿上游泵送方向收敛的液膜间隙，高密封压力下的力变形是主要原因，热变形部分抵消了压力变形带来的影响；随转速的增大，液膜沿上游泵送方向的收敛程度减小，上游泵送率增大，摩擦因数增大；随着密封介质压力的增大，液膜收敛程度增大，摩擦因数减小，上游泵送率大幅减小；随密封介质温度的升高，液膜收敛程度减小，摩擦因数减小，上游泵送率有所增加。研究结果可为高压上游泵送机械密封环的结构优化和设计提供理论参考。

关键词: 上游泵送机械密封, 热力变形, 热弹流润滑模型, 密封性能, 有限单元法

Abstract:

In order to study the performance of upstream pumping mechanical seal under high-pressure conditions, a thermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model (TEHD) was established considering the fluid-solid thermal coupling between the sealing ring and the lubricating film. Based on the finite element method, the liquid film lubrication equation, the heat conduction equation of the sealing ring and the thermal deformation equation were solved. The triple iteration algorithm was used to obtain the coupling solution between film pressure, film thickness, temperature and deformation of the seal rings. The influence of rotational speed, sealing pressure and medium temperature on the deformation of the end face of the upstream pumping mechanical seal were investigated. And the upstream pumping capacity of the seal under mechanical and thermal deformation were analyzed. The research results indicate that under high pressure conditions, a liquid film gap converges along the upstream pumping direction at the sealing end face, and force deformation under high sealing pressure is the main reason, while thermal deformation partially offsets the impact of pressure deformation. With the increase of rotational speed, the convergence degree of liquid film along the upstream pumping direction decreases, the upstream pumping rate and the friction coefficient increases. With the increase of sealing medium pressure, the convergence degree of liquid film increases, the friction coefficient and the upstream pumping rate decreases greatly. With the increase of the temperature of the sealing medium, the convergence degree of the liquid film and the friction coefficient decreases, and the upstream pumping rate increases. The results can provide a theoretical reference for the structural optimization and design of the upstream pumping mechanical seals for high-pressure conditions.

Key words: upstream pumping mechanical seals, thermal mechanical deformation, thermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model, sealing performance, finite element method

中图分类号:

TH 117.2

谢玉汉, 孟祥铠, 赵文静, 王禹衡, 洪先志, 彭旭东. 高压工况上游泵送机械密封热力变形与密封性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4241-4251.

Yuhan XIE, Xiangkai MENG, Wenjing ZHAO, Yuheng WANG, Xianzhi HONG, Xudong PENG. Thermal mechanical deformation and sealing performance analysis of upstream pumping mechanical seals under high-pressure conditions[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(10): 4241-4251.

图/表 9

图1 上游泵送机械密封几何模型和边界条件

Fig.1 The geometrical model and boundary conditions of upstream pumping mechanical seal

表1 密封环物性参数

Table 1 Physical parameters of seal rings

密封环	弹性模量, E_i/GPa	泊松比, ν_i	热导率, k_i/(W/(m·℃))	热膨胀系数, α_i/(m/℃)
动环(SSSiC)	400	0.16	102.6	4.02×10^-6
静环 (RBSiC)	383	0.27	161.0	4.30×10^-6

图2 上游泵送机械密封端面结构

Fig.2 End face structure of upstream pumping mechanical seal

表2 几何参数和工况参数

Table 2 Geometrical parameters and operating parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
端面内径, r_i/mm	59.5	槽深, h_g/μm	6
端面外径, r_o/mm	69.5	转速, N/(r/min)	2950
螺旋槽根径, r_g/mm	68.0	密封压力, p_o/MPa	8.0
平衡半径, r_b/mm	65.0	隔离液压力, p_i/MPa	0.1
密封环内径, r /mm	52.5	弹簧比压, p_s/MPa	0.115
螺旋角, γ/(°)	12	介质温度, t_o/℃	40
槽数, N_g	12	隔离液温度, t_i/℃	20

图3 计算流程[29-30]

Fig.3 Computational procedure[29-30]

图4 密封环温度、端面变形、液膜压力分布

Fig.4 Seal rings temperature, end face deformation and film pressure distribution

图5 转速的影响

Fig.5 Influence of rotational speed

图6 介质压力的影响

Fig.6 Influence of medium pressure

图7 介质温度的影响

Fig.7 Influence of medium temperature

参考文献 30

1	彭建, 鄢新华, 左孝桐, 等. 上游泵送密封研究[J]. 流体机械, 1998, 26(2): 3-8.
	Peng J, Yan X H, Zuo X T, et al. Study on upstream pumping seal[J]. Fluid Machinery, 1998, 26(2): 3-8.
2	Sedy J. High pressure upstream pumping seal combination: US 4290611[P]. 1981-09-22.
3	Netzel J P. Symmetrical seal design: a sealing concept for today//Proceedings of the Third International Pump Symposium[C]. Card City, USA: Texas A&M University, 1984.
4	Gordon S B, Doug V. Upstream pumping: a new concept in mechanical sealing technology[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 1990, 46(4): 213-217.
5	Salant R F, Homiller S J. The effects of shallow groove patterns on mechanical seal leakage[J]. Tribology Transactions, 1992, 35(1): 142-148.
6	Salant R F, Homiller S J. Stiffness and leakage in spiral groove upstream pumping mechanical seals[J]. Tribology Transactions, 1993, 36(1): 55-60.
7	Lebeck A O. Experiments and modeling of zero leakage backward pumping mechanical face seals[J]. Tribology Transactions, 2008, 51(4): 389-395.
8	Chen H L, Wu Q B, Xu C, et al. Research on cavitation regions of upstream pumping mechanical seal based on dynamic mesh technique[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 6: 821058.
9	Hao M M, Yang W J, Cao H C, et al. Analysis of dynamic characteristics of spiral groove liquid film seal considering cavitation[J]. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 2018, 70(9): 1619-1629.
10	Ma X Z, Meng X K, Wang Y M, et al. Suction effect of cavitation in the reverse-spiral-grooved mechanical face seals[J]. Tribology International, 2019, 132: 142-153.
11	Li Z T, Hao M M, Sun X H, et al. Experimental study of cavitation characteristic of single-row reverse spiral groove liquid-film seals[J]. Tribology International, 2020, 141: 105782.
12	Li Z T, Li Y F, Cao H, et al. Investigation of cavitation evolution and hydrodynamic performances of oil film seal with spiral groove[J]. Tribology International, 2021, 157: 106915.
13	彭旭东, 佘宝瑛, 孟祥铠, 等. 不同排布方向性椭圆孔液体润滑机械密封性能的研究[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2013, 33(5): 481-487.
	Peng X D, She B Y, Meng X K, et al. Sealing performance of liquid-lubricated mechanical seals with different arrangements inclined elliptical dimples[J]. Tribology, 2013, 33(5): 481-487.
14	佘宝瑛, 彭旭东, 孟祥铠, 等. 不同形状方向性型孔液体润滑端面密封性能对比[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(6): 2202-2210.
	She B Y, Peng X D, Meng X K, et al. Comparison on seal performance of liquid-lubricated end face seals with different shapes inclined dimples[J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(6): 2202-2210.
15	陈汇龙, 王彬, 任坤腾, 等. 空化热效应对上游泵送机械密封润滑性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(10): 4334-4343.
	Chen H L, Wang B, Ren K T, et al. Influence of cavitation thermal effect on lubrication properties of upstream pumping mechanical seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(10): 4334-4343.
16	王朝亚, 唐大全, 赵春林, 等. 高参数上游泵送机械密封性能计算与分析研究[J]. 润滑与密封, 2021, 46(9): 82-90.
	Wang Z Y, Tang D Q, Zhao C L, et al. Performance calculation and analysis of high-parameter upstream pumping mechanical seals[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2021, 46(9): 82-90.
17	宋鹏云, 陈匡民, 董宗玉, 等. 螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封性能的解析计算[J]. 润滑与密封, 1999, 24(4): 5-7.
	Song P Y, Chen K M, Dong Z Y, et al. A theoretical analysis of spiral groove upstream pumping mechanical seal[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 1999, 24(4): 5-7.
18	胡丹梅, 郝木明, 吴德利. 螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封有限元数值计算[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 26(6): 74-77, 3.
	Hu D M, Hao M M, Wu D L. Numerical computation of mechanical seals of spiral groove in upstream pumping with finite element method[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China, 2002, 26(6): 74-77, 3.
19	冯秀, 何小元. 螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封摩擦系数的解析分析[J]. 流体机械, 2015, 43(12): 17-21, 10.
	Feng X, He X Y. Analytical method of friction coefficient of upstream pumping mechanical seals with spiral grooves[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2015, 43(12): 17-21, 10.
20	陈汇龙, 刘玉辉, 刘彤, 等. 基于动网格的上游泵送机械密封性能参数分析[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2012, 30(5): 583-587.
	Chen H L, Liu Y H, Liu T, et al. Analyzing performance parameters of upstream pumping mechanical seals based on dynamic mesh technique[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2012, 30(5): 583-587.
21	汤占岐, 姜国平. 双列斜直线槽液体动压密封液膜特性的数值模拟[J]. 液压与气动, 2011(11): 25-27.
	Tang Z Q, Jiang G P. Numerical simulation of liquid film characterizations in a hydrodynamic seal with double-row oblique line grooves[J]. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, 2011(11): 25-27.
22	杨坛. 高压上游泵送机械密封性能研究[D]. 东营: 中国石油大学(华东), 2016.
	Yang T. Study on mechanical seal performance of high pressure upstream pumping[D]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum, 2016.
23	黄伟峰, 潘晓波, 王子羲, 等. 上游泵送机械密封热-流固耦合建模与性能分析[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 60(7): 603-610.
	Huang W F, Pan X B, Wang Z X, et al. Thermal-fluid-solid coupled analyses of upstream mechanical seals in pumps[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2020, 60(7): 603-610.
24	李振涛, 郝木明, 杨文静, 等. 螺旋槽液膜密封端面空化发生机理[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(11): 4750-4761.
	Li Z T, Hao M M, Yang W J, et al. Cavitation mechanism of spiral groove liquid film seals[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(11): 4750-4761.
25	唐飞翔. LaserFace液体润滑端面密封数值模拟与型槽结构优化设计[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2013.
	Tang F X. Numerical simulation of lasurface liquid lubrication face seal and optimization design of groove structure[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2013.
26	马学忠. 高速螺旋槽端面密封流体空化与惯性效应研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2019.
	Ma X Z. Study on cavitation and inertia effect of high-speed spiral groove end seal fluid[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2019.
27	Djamaï A, Brunetière N, Tournerie B. Numerical modeling of thermohydrodynamic mechanical face seals[J]. Tribology Transactions, 2010, 53(3): 414-425.
28	Qiu Y F, Khonsari M M. Thermohydrodynamic analysis of spiral groove mechanical face seal for liquid applications[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 2012, 134(2): 1.
29	高斌超, 孟祥铠, 李纪云, 等. 机械密封热力耦合有限元模型与密封性能分析[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2015, 35(5): 550-556.
	Gao B C, Meng X K, Li J Y, et al. Thermal-mechanical coupling finite element model and sealing performance analysis of mechanical seal[J]. Tribology, 2015, 35(5): 550-556.
30	郭嵩. 接触式机械密封热力耦合模型及密封性能分析[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2021.
	Guo S. Thermal-mechanical coupling model and sealing performance analysis of contact mechanical seal[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2021.

[1]	赵文静, 屠治荣, 孟祥铠, 江锦波, 彭旭东. 非规则V形表面织构化机械端面密封性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4585-4593.
[2]	孟祥铠, 孟令超, 马艺, 江锦波, 彭旭东. 多孔质机械密封耦合润滑模型与密封性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4576-4584.
[3]	陈汇龙, 桂铠, 韩婷, 谢晓凤, 陆俊成, 赵斌娟. 上游泵送机械密封润滑膜固体颗粒沉积特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(4): 1712-1722.
[4]	马学忠,孟祥铠,张伟政,彭旭东,丁雪兴. 反向瑞利台阶构型液膜空化性能与机械密封空化抽吸效应评价[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(12): 5715-5724.
[5]	张友亮, 程香平, 韦江, 康林萍, 付远. 微椭圆孔轴面织构油封密封性能仿真模拟及机理探究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(7): 2660-2667.
[6]	孟祥铠, 江莹莹, 赵文静, 彭旭东. 螺旋槽液膜密封热流体动力润滑性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1512-1521.
[7]	曹恒超, 郝木明, 李振涛, 杨文静, 汪艳红, 袁俊马. 基于相变效应的内压型螺旋槽液膜密封性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(9): 3532-3540.
[8]	曹恒超, 郝木明, 李振涛, 杨文静, 孙震, 汪艳红, 任付军. 相变对螺旋槽液膜密封性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(8): 3190-3201.
[9]	金朝旭, 李双喜, 蔡纪宁, 张秋翔. 可调控型气膜润滑密封静压结构参数优化[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(4): 1425-1433.
[10]	励行根, 沈明学, 王成林, 魏世军, 励洁, 彭旭东. 柔性石墨金属波纹复合增强垫片密封性能试验[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(4): 1417-1424.
[11]	程香平, 孟祥铠, 彭旭东. 大菱形孔端面密封力变形及密封性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(8): 3089-3097.
[12]	佘宝瑛, 彭旭东, 孟祥铠, 李纪云. 不同形状方向性型孔液体润滑端面密封性能对比[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(6): 2202-2210.
[13]	彭旭东，张岳林，白少先，李纪云，盛颂恩. 转速压力对T型槽干气密封槽型几何结构参数优选值的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(2): 551-559.
[14]	孟祥铠, 彭旭东, 王乐勤. 瞬态启停机械密封轴对称动力学模型与密封行为分析[J]. 化工学报, 2011, 62(6): 1620-1625.
[15]	彭旭东，刘鑫，孟祥铠，白少先，盛颂恩. 锥面-微孔组合端面机械密封性能[J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(12): 3463-3470.