分凝器对两级分离自复叠制冷循环特性影响研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241390

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高传统两级分离自复叠制冷循环（TSARC）的效率并达到更低的制冷温度，设计了一种配备分凝器的两级分离自复叠制冷循环，选用非共沸混合工质R1150/R600a作为制冷剂。在此基础上，建立了带有双分凝器的两级分离自复叠制冷循环热力学模型，并对基于第一级分凝器的两级分离自复叠制冷循环（FRARC）、基于第二级分凝器的两级分离自复叠制冷循环（SFARC）以及双分凝器的两级分离自复叠制冷循环（TFARC）的热力学特性进行了对比分析。研究结果显示，存在最优的制冷剂组分配比，使得上述3种带分凝器的两级分离自复叠制冷循环均能达到最大制冷性能系数（COP）。在冷凝器出口温度为30℃、蒸发器出口温度为-90℃的条件下，FRARC、SFARC和TFARC循环的最大COP较TSARC循环分别下降了4.9%、6.6%和16.3%。而且它们所能达到的最低制冷温度分别为-98、-98和-100℃，均低于TSARC循环所能达到的制冷温度。由此可见，分凝作用虽然未能提升两级分离自复叠制冷循环的制冷效率，但有助于实现更低的制冷温度。

关键词: 自复叠制冷, 非共沸混合物, 分凝器, 两级分离, 热力学性质, 模拟

Abstract:

A two-stage separated auto-cascade refrigeration cycle, incorporating one or two fractionators, has been devised to enhance the refrigeration efficiency of the conventional two-stage separation-based auto-cascade refrigeration cycle (TSARC) and attain a lower refrigeration temperature. This cycle employs the zeotropic refrigerant mixture R1150/R600a as its working fluid. To assess the thermodynamic performance of various cycles—namely, the first-stage fractionation-based auto-cascade refrigeration cycle (FRARC), second-stage fractionation-based auto-cascade refrigeration cycle (SFARC), and two-stage fractionation-based auto-cascade refrigeration cycle (TFARC)—a thermodynamic model of a two-stage separation-based auto-cascade refrigeration cycle with two fractionators has been established. The results reveal an optimal composition ratio for maximizing the coefficient of performance (COP) in each of the proposed cycles. At a condensing temperature of 30℃ and an evaporating temperature of -90℃, the FRARC, SFARC, and TFARC achieve their peak COP, which are 4.9%, 6.6%, and 16.3% lower, respectively, than that of the TSARC. Additionally, these cycles yield the lowest refrigeration temperatures of -98, -98 and -100℃. The application of fractionation to the TSARC does not improve its thermodynamic performance but does facilitate the attainment of a lower evaporating temperature.

Key words: auto-cascade refrigeration, zeotropic mixtures, fractionation, two-stage separation, thermodynamic properties, simulation

中图分类号:

TB 66

臧子晴, 李修真, 谈莹莹, 刘晓庆. 分凝器对两级分离自复叠制冷循环特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 17-25.

Ziqing ZANG, Xiuzhen LI, Yingying TAN, Xiaoqing LIU. Investigation on effect of fractionation on performance of two-stage separation-based auto-cascade refrigeration cycle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 17-25.

图/表 12

图1 设置双分凝器的两级分离自复叠制冷循环原理图

Fig.1 The principle diagram of two-stage fractionation-based auto-cascade refrigeration cycle(TFARC)

图2 分凝器1和气液分离器1的流程图（a）和温度-质量分数图（b）

Fig.2 The process (a) and temperature mass fraction (b) diagram of fractionation 1 and gas-liquid separator 1

表1 TFARC循环其他部件的热力学模型

Table 1 Thermodynamic models of other components for TFARC cycle

部件	热力学模型
部件	质量守恒	能量守恒
气液分离器1	m₃ = m₄ + m₇	m₃h₃ = m₄h₄ + m₇h₇
气液分离器2	m₈ = m₉ + m₁₁	m₈h₈ = m₉h₉ + m₁₁h₁₁
蒸发冷凝器1	m_8a = m₈m₅ = m₆	m_8a(h_8a - h₈)= m₅(h₅ - h₆)
蒸发冷凝器2	m_8b = m₁₂m₁₅ = m₁₆	m_8b(h_8b - h₁₂)= m₁₅(h₁₅ - h₁₆)
节流阀1	m₄ = m₅	h₄ = h₅
节流阀2	m₉ = m₁₀	h₉ = h₁₀
节流阀3	m₁₂ = m₁₃	h₁₂ = h₁₃
混合过程1	m₁₅ = m₁₀ + m₁₄	m₁₅h₁₅ = m₁₀h₁₀ + m₁₄h₁₄
混合过程2	m₁ = m_6a + m_6b	m₁h₁ = m_6ah_6a + m_6bh_6b

表2 Aspen Plus全局设计参数

Table 2 Aspen Plus global design parameters

参数	值
压缩机压比P_r	12
压缩机等熵效率	0.71
冷凝器出口温度T_c/℃	18~58
冷凝器出口干度	0.65
分凝器出口干度	0.58~0.98
蒸发器出口温度T_e/℃	-100~-60
系统各部分压降/kPa	0
质量流量/(kg·s^-1)	0.01

表3 TSARC模拟结果与文献［9］对比验证

Table 3 Comparisons of present TSARC cycle results with results from Ref.［9］

Z_R134a/Z_R23/Z_R14	Q_e/kW			COP
Z_R134a/Z_R23/Z_R14	TSARC	文献^[9]	误差/%	TSARC	文献^[9]	误差/%
0.51/0.19/0.30	0.62	0.62	0	0.2292	0.2290	0.087
0.51/0.13/0.36	0.75	0.75	0	0.2701	0.2700	0.037
0.55/0.19/0.26	0.51	0.51	0	0.2130	0.2130	0
0.48/0.22/0.30	0.64	0.64	0	0.2175	0.2170	0.230

图3 R1150质量分数对制冷量的影响

Fig.3 The influence of R1150 mass fraction on refrigeration capacity

图4 R1150质量分数对循环性能的影响

Fig.4 The influence of R1150 mass fraction on cycle performance

图5 冷凝温度对循环制冷量的影响

Fig.5 The influence of condensation temperature on circulating refrigeration capacity

图6 冷凝温度对循环性能的影响

Fig.6 The influence of condensation temperature on cycle performance

图7 蒸发温度对循环制冷量的影响

Fig.7 The influence of evaporation temperature on circulating refrigeration capacity

图8 蒸发温度对循环性能的影响

Fig.8 The influence of evaporation temperature on cycle performance

图9 分凝器出口干度对循环性能的影响

Fig.9 The influence of outlet dryness of the fractionation on cycle performance

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