Process optimization of preparing melamine formaldehyde foam

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20150382

Abstract

Abstract:

The mechanism of preparing thermoset foam from melamine and formaldehyde as raw materials was illustrated in analyzing the variations of infrared spectroscopy and viscosity as well foam microstructure. Physical foaming occurred with crosslinking solidification resulting in different foams in hole size and length-radius ratio with different conditions. Process parameters were optimized through orthogonal experiments for light, noise-reducing and good compression resilient foam material. The optimal melamine foam with density of 5 kg·m^-3 was obtained after 60 s microwave heating resin solution with viscosity of 1500 mPa·s including resin, emulsifier, n-pentane foaming agent and formic acid solidifier in weight ratios of 50:2:16:4.

Key words: melamine formaldehyde foam, process optimization, microwave heating, noise reduction coefficient, compression resilence

摘要：

基于红外光谱分析和反应过程树脂黏度及泡孔结构的变化, 说明了三聚氰胺和甲醛为主要原料制备热固性泡沫的机理, 物理发泡过程还发生交联固化, 不同条件下制备不同泡孔大小和长径比的泡沫。为获得轻质、降噪和回弹好的发泡材料, 设计了正交实验优化工艺, 得到最佳工艺为:发泡液黏度1500 mPa·s, 树脂液、表面活性乳化剂、正戊烷发泡剂、固化剂质量配比为50:2:16:4, 微波加热60 s, 制得密度5 kg·m^-3的密胺泡沫。

关键词: 密胺泡沫, 工艺优化, 微波加热, 降噪系数, 压缩回弹率

CLC Number:

TQ328.06

ZHANG Xueli, WANG Kejian, JIANG Honggang, SU Zhengtao, YUAN Huilin. Process optimization of preparing melamine formaldehyde foam[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(S1): 343-348.

张学丽, 王克俭, 蒋洪罡, 苏正涛, 苑会林. 轻质密胺泡沫制备工艺优化[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(S1): 343-348.

References 22

[1]	Wang Jiaming. Melamine foamed plastics application [J]. Chemical Industry, 2011, 29(5): 13-16.
[3]	Hang Zushcng, Jiang Fanshun, Ju Fayin, et al. Advances in preparation and application of melamine foam [J]. Thermosetting Resin, 2010, 25(4): 44-52.
	Kino N, Ueno T, Suzuki Y, Makino H. Investigation of non-acoustical parameters of compressed melamine foam materials [J]. Applied Acoustics, 2012, 70(4): 595-604.
[4]	Zhang Yusen, Duan Hongdong, Wang Xingjian, et al. Preparation and properties of composites based on melamine-formaldehyde foam and nano-Fe3O4 [J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2013, 130(4): 2688-2697.
[5]	Baetens R, Jelle P, Thue J V, et al. Vacuum insulation panels for building applications: a review and beyond [J]. Energy Buildings, 2010, 42: 147-172.
[6]	Alam M, Singh H, Limbachiya M C. Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) for building construction industry— a review of the contemporary developments and future directions [J]. Applied Energy, 2011, 88: 3592-3602.
[7]	Nemanic V, Zajec B, Zumer M, et al. Synthesis and characterization of melamine-formaldehyde rigid foams for vacuum thermal insulation [J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 114 (S1): 320-326.
[9]	Salissou Y, Panneton Raymond. Wideband characterization of the complex wave number and characteristic impedance of sound absorbers [J]. Journal of Acoustic Society of America, 2010, 128(5): 2868-2876.
[10]	Kim S, Kim H J. Effect of addition of polyvinyl acetate to melamine formaldehyde resin on the adhesion and lormaldehyde emission in engineered flooring [J]. International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives, 2005, 25(5): 456-461.
[11]	Wang Dongwei, Zhang Xiaoxian, Luo Song, Li Sai. Preparation and property analysis of melamine formaldehyde foam [J]. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 2012, 2: 63-67.
[12]	Yang Yu, Deng Yonghong, Tong Zhen. Multifunctional foams derived from poly(melamine formaldehyde) as recyclable oil absorbents [J]. Journal of Material Chemistry A, 2014, 2(26): 9994-9999.
[13]	Juergen Weiser, Wolfgang Keuther, Fikentscher, et al. Modified melamine-ormaldehyde resin[P]: US, 5322915. 1994-6-1.
[14]	Frank R S, Alex J M. Aminotriazine-aldehyde foam modified with a primary triol [P]: US, 3093600. 1963-6-11.
[15]	Yasno I, Shun H, Tatsnya O. Melamine resin foam, process for production thereof and melamine /formaldehyde resin condensate [P]: US, 5436278. 1995-7-25.
[16]	Weise J, Reuther W, Turznik G, et al. Melamine resin moldings having increased elasticity [P]: US, 5084488. 1992-1-28.
[17]	Yukishiro K, Genjiro L, llidero S. Melamine molded foam, process for producing the same, and wiper[P]: US, 6608112.2003-8-9.
[18]	Bajia S, Sharma R, Bajia B. Solid-state microwave synthesis of melamine formaldehyde resin [J]. Journal of Chemistry, 2009, 6: 120-124.
[19]	Rezaei R, Mohammadi M K, Khaledi A. Microwave assisted solvent-free one pot biginelli synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone compounds on melamine-formaldehyde as a solid support [J]. Asian Journal of Chemistry B, 2013, 25( 8): 4588-4590.
[20]	Naoki K, Takayasu C. Comparisons between characteristic lengths and fibre equivalent diameters in glass fibre and melamine foam materials of similar flow resistivity [J]. Applied Acoustics, 2008, 69(4): 325-331.
[21]	Merline D J, Vukusic S, Abdala A A. Melamine formaldehyde: curing studies and reaction mechanism [J]. Polymer Journal, 2013, 45(4): 413-419.
[22]	Kandelbauer A, Wuzella G, Mahendran A, Taudes I, Widsten P. Model-free kinetic analysis of melamine- formaldehyde resin cure [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009, 152: 556-565.

[1]	Yaoming CHEN,Feng XU,Xionglin LUO. A coordinated optimal margin design method for chemical process based on relative gain and priority [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1280-1290.
[2]	Zheng WANG, Feng XU, Xionglin LUO. Full-cycle optimization of acetylene conversion distribution for acetylene hydrogenation beds-in-series reactor [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4551-4564.
[3]	LI Tengfei, MIAO Yun, YANG Liu, WANG Longyao, ZHU Huacheng. Microwave enhanced ion exchange technology of Y molecular sieve [J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 406-412.
[4]	Hao YANG, Eryan YAN. Simulation research of microwave heating efficiency for beamed energy thruster [J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(S1): 93-98.
[5]	Qian ZHANG, Xiangyang LIU, Wang CHEN, Heng WU, Pengying XIAO, Fangying JI, Chen LI, Haiming NIAN. Preparation of a novel phosphorus removal filler and optimization of phosphate removal adsorption bed process [J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(3): 1099-1110.
[6]	ZHOU Xinzhi, SHAO Lun, LI Rongkun, ZHAO Chengping, DONG Chenlong. Research on temperature prediction model for microwave heating based on wavelet denoising and improved PSO-SVM [J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(S2): 291-299.
[7]	SHI Ce, YU Ji, GAO Dong, WANG Haibin, YAO Shanjing, LIN Dongqiang. Process simulation and economic evaluation of monoclonal antibody production [J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(7): 3198-3207.
[8]	WANG Yican, WANG Wenlong, SUN Jing, MAO Yanpeng, ZHAO Xiqiang, SONG Zhanlong. Microwave heating properties of tailorable wave-transparent cementitious materials [J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(7): 2931-2937.
[9]	CHEN Zewei, WANG Yixiang, DING Xufen, XU Yinghua, MA Chun'an. Electrochemical reduction of dechlorination of pentachloropyridine to 2,3,5,6-tetrachloropyridine over zinc-based catalyst: reaction mechanism and process optimization [J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(6): 2332-2339.
[10]	LI Yunzhao, SONG Xingfu, SUN Yuzhu, SUN Ze, YU Jianguo. Optimization of reactive extraction-crystallization process based on response surface methodology [J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(2): 588-597.
[11]	GONG Sheng, CHENG Xing'an, ZHOU Xinhua, YIN Guoqiang, CHENG Jiang, WANG Haobo. Process optimization and kinetic study of supercritical CO₂ drying in preparation of nanosized antimony doped tin oxide [J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(4): 1593-1599.
[12]	LIU Xiaohua, ZHANG Tao, ZHENG Yuwei. Performance analysis on air handling processes using desiccants [J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(z2): 129-139.
[13]	XIE Zhiping, SUN Dengqiong, QIN Yanan, REN Riju, GONG Junbo. Optimization of crystallization process of fructose [J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(1): 251-257.
[14]	LU Dingqiang1，2，SHEN Dong2，LING Xiuquan1. Synthesis research progress in COX-2 inhibitors Celecoxib [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2014, 33(06): 1521-1525.
[15]	WANG Longyao, WANG Lan. Estimation and control of process time for membrane separation of cephalosporin C from fermentation broth [J]. CIESC Journal, 2013, 64(9): 3256-3261.