Start-up and steady operation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in SBBR treating low C/N ratio domestic wastewater

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20160691

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking actual domestic wastewater (C/N=2.6-4.1) as influent substrate and polyurethane filler as biological carrier (filling rate was 25%), the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was achieved in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) in a short period of time (98 d) with gradually increased nitrogen loading. The results of real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed the enrichment of nitrifying bacteria in the reactor. The system had a good effect of organic matter and nitrogen removal in the formal running period. The concentration of COD,NH₄⁺-N and TN of the effluent water was 38.28 mg·L^-1, 1.23 mg·L^-1 and 8.23 mg·L^-1, respectively. Most of COD was taken up and converted to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and the storage products were used for denitrification, which removed a large amount of nitrate. The removal efficiency of TN and SND was calculated as 82.95% and 70.57%, respectively, and the NO₂^--N concentration always kept low level. Since the nitrification and denitrification reactions took place in the same reactor and conditions, the system could maintain pH in a steady conditions by that the increasing basicity in the denitrification process can complement the consuming basicity in the nitrification process. Furthermore, the reaction time can be effectively controlled and the power consumption can be decreased through the curve change of DO and pH to judge the operation status of SND.

Key words: low C/N ratio, SND, biofilm, real-time qPCR, PHA

摘要：

以低C/N比实际生活污水为处理对象，聚氨酯海绵填料为生物载体（填料填充率25%），采用逐步提高氮负荷的方式，在较短的时间内（98 d）成功启动了同步硝化反硝化（simultaneous nitrification and denitrification，SND）的序批式生物膜反应器（sequencing batch biofilm reactor，SBBR）。实时定量PCR（real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction，real-time qPCR）结果表明系统内硝化菌得到富集。在稳定运行期间，系统对有机物及氮的去除效果良好，平均出水COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN分别为38.28 mg·L^-1、1.23 mg·L^-1、8.23 mg·L^-1。微生物将大部分碳源以聚羟基脂肪酸酯（poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate，PHA）的形式储存至体内，系统内NO₃^--N的去除主要通过内源反硝化作用，且反硝化过程基本无NO₂^--N积累，平均SND率为70.57%，TN去除率高达82.95%。由于硝化反应和反硝化反应在同一反应器内同时进行，反硝化过程产生的碱度可补充硝化过程消耗的碱度，维持系统内pH的相对稳定。此外，可以通过DO和pH的变化判断SND的进行状态，有效地控制反应时间，节省动力消耗。

关键词: 低C/N比, SND, 生物膜, real-time qPCR, PHA

CLC Number:

X703

ZHANG Jianhua, PENG Yongzhen, ZHANG Miao, SUN Yawen, WANG Shuying, WANG Cong. Start-up and steady operation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in SBBR treating low C/N ratio domestic wastewater[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(11): 4817-4824.

张建华, 彭永臻, 张淼, 孙雅雯, 王淑莹, 王聪. 同步硝化反硝化SBBR处理低C/N比生活污水的启动与稳定运行[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(11): 4817-4824.

References 37

[1]	THIRD K A, GIBBS B, NEWLAND M, et al. Long-term aeration management for improved N-removal via SND in a sequencing batch reactor[J]. Water Research, 2005, 39(15):3523-3530.
[2]	HOLMAN J B, WAREHAM D G. COD, ammonia and dissolved oxygen time profiles in the simultaneous nitrification/denitrification process[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2005, 22(2):125-133.
[3]	ZHANG D J, LU P L, LONG T R, et al. The integration of methanogensis with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(2):541-547.
[4]	LEMAIRE R, MEYER R, TASKE A, et al. Identifying causes for N2O accumulation in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2006, 122(1):62-72.
[5]	王建龙, 彭永臻, 王淑莹, 等. 复合生物反应器亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2007, 33(12):1310-1314. WANG J L, PENG Y Z, WANG S Y, et al. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitriteina sequence hybrid biological reactor[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2007, 33(12):1310-1314.
[6]	HOLAKOO L, NAKHLA G, BASSI A S, et al. Long term performance of MBR for biological removal from synthetic municipal wastewater[J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 66(5):849-857.
[7]	LEE H S, PARK S J, YOON T I. Wastewater treatment in a hybrid biological reactor using powdered minerals:effects of organic loading rates on COD removal and nitrification[J]. Process Biochem., 2002, 38(1):81-88.
[8]	WANG J, SHI H, QIAN Y. Wastewater treatment in a hybrid biological reactor (HBR):effect of organic loading rates[J]. Process Biochem., 2000, 36(3):297-303.
[9]	GUO J B, ZHANG L H, CHEN W, et al. The regulation and control strategies of a sequencing batch reactor for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification at different temperatures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 133:59-67.
[10]	LIU Y, SHI H, XIA L, et al. Study of operational conditions of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a carrousel oxidation ditch for domestic wastewater treatment[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(3):901-906.
[11]	WAN J F, BESSIERE Y, SPERANDIO M. Alternating anoxic feast/aerobic famine condition for improving granular sludge formation in sequencing batch airlift reactor at reduced aeration rate[J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(20):5097-5108.
[12]	APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater[M]. 14th ed. Washington DC:American Public Health Association, 1976.
[13]	OEHMEN A, KELLER-LEHMANN B, ZENG R J, et al. Optimisation of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate analysis using gas chromatography for enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1070(1/2):131-136.
[14]	WANG S Y, WANG Y, FENG X J, et al. Quantitative analyses of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in the sediments of four nitrogen-rich wetlands in China[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011, 90(2):779-787.
[15]	NAKAMURA Y, SATOH H, KINDAICHI T, et al. Community structure, abundance, and in situ activity of nitrifying bacteria in river sediments as determined by the combined use of molecular techniques and microelectrodes[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(5):1532-1539.
[16]	DEGRANGE V, BARDIN R. Detection and counting of nitrobacter populations in soil by PCR[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995, 61(6):2093-2098.
[17]	NISHIJIMA M, LINDSAY D J, HATA J, et al. Association of thioautotrophic bacteria with deep-sea sponges[J]. Marine Biotechnology, 2010, 12(3):253-260.
[18]	THIRD K A, BUMETT N, RUWISCH R C. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification using stored substrate (PHB) as the electron doner in an SBR[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2003, 83(6):706-720.
[19]	周少奇, 周吉林, 范家明. 同时硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术研究进展[J]. 环境技术, 2002, (2):38-44. ZHOU S Q, ZHOU J L, FAN J M. The study and progress of biological nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification and dentrification (SND) technology[J]. Environmental Technology, 2002, (2):38-44.
[20]	蒋山泉, 翟俊, 肖海文, 等. 序批式生物膜(SBBR)工艺同步脱氮除磷研究[J]. 四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2008, 40(1):64-68. JIANG S Q, ZHAI J, XIAO H W, et al. Study on simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in new sequencing batch biofilm reactor system[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2008, 40(1):64-68.
[21]	WANG Y Y, GENG J J, REN Z J, et al. Effect of anaerobic reaction time on denitrifying phosphorus removal and N2O production[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(10):5674-5684.
[22]	王永才, 陈卫, 郑晓英, 等. 生物接触氧化法的同步硝化反硝化影响因素研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2011, 27(7):22-25. WANG Y C, CHEN W, ZHENG X Y, et al. Influencing factors of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in biological contact oxidation process[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2011, 27(7):22-25.
[23]	ZHANG F, LI P, CHEN M S, et al. Effect of operational modes on nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission in the process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 280:549-557.
[24]	MEINHOLD J, FILIPE C D M, DAIGGER G T. Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1999, 39(1):31-42.
[25]	WANG B, WANG W, HAN H J, et al. Nitrogen removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a fluidized bed step-feed process[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 24(2):303-308.
[26]	徐伟锋, 孙力平, 张芳, 等. 在SBBR中接种硝化菌时SND特性及机理[J]. 水处理技术, 2005, 31(4):21-24. XU W F, SUN L P, ZHANG F, et al. Tentative research on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in SBBR with inoculating nitrobacteria[J]. Technology of Water Treatment, 2005, 31(4):21-24.
[27]	HOCAOGLU S M, INSEL G, COKGOR E U, et al. Effect of low dissolved oxygen on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor treating black water[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(6):4333-4340.
[28]	ZENG R J, LEMAIRE R, YUAN Z G, et al. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor[J]. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2003, 84(2):170-178.
[29]	倪永炯, 李军, 潘成, 等. 序批式生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化的曝气时间控制及其机制分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2008, 30(6):37-40. NI Y J, LI J, PAN C, et al. Aeration time control for optimal simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a SBBR[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2008, 30(6):37-40.
[30]	高大文, 彭永臻, 王淑莹. 高氮豆制品废水的亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺[J]. 化工学报, 2005, 56(4):699-704. GAO D W, PENG Y Z, WANG S Y. Nitrogen removal from high nitrogen soybean wastewater by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (China), 2005, 56(4):699-704.
[31]	BERNET N, DELGENES N, DELGENES J P, et al. SBR as a relevant technology to combine anaerobic digestion and denitrification in a single reactor[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 43(3):209-214.
[32]	MOYA J, HUILINIR C, PEREDO K, et al. Modeling of simultaneous denitrification-anaerobic digestion-organic matter aerobic oxidation and nitrification in an anoxic-anaerobic-aerobic compact filter reactor[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2012, 160(3/4):176-188.
[33]	HE S B, XUE G, WANG B Z. Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification (SND) and its kinetics model in membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 168(2/3):704-710.
[34]	POCHANA K, KELLER J. Study of factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND)[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1999, 39(6):61-68.
[35]	张永祥, 魏海娟, 施同平, 等. 移动床生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化脱氮特性研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2008, 34(12):1320-1325. ZHANG Y X, WEI H J, SHI T P, et al. Denitrifying characters study using simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in moving bed biofilm reactor[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2008, 34(12):1320-1325.
[36]	邹联沛, 刘旭东, 王宝贞, 等. MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子[J]. 环境科学, 2001, 22(4):51-55. ZOU L P, LIU X D, WANG B Z, et al. The influence of ecological factors on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in MBR[J]. Environmental Science, 2001, 22(4):51-55.
[37]	邱静. SBBR同步硝化反硝化脱氮影响因素研究[D]. 西安:长安大学, 2010. QIU J. Simultaneous nitrification denitrification influence factor in SBBR[D]. Xi'an:Chang'an University, 2010.