Abstract: Waterborne polyurethane is widely used in many fields，such as coating，medicine and adhesive，and chain extender is one of the key raw materials for the synthesis of polyurethane. Groups introduced on the chain extender with certain characteristics will affect the performance of polyurethane，hydrophilic chain extender can provide waterborne polyurethane good dispersion and emulsification. Currently carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid hydrophilic chain extenders are commonly used materials of anionic chain extenders. In this paper，the definition and function of the chain extender，the kinds of hydrophilic chain extenders were briefly described. The research progress in carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid hydrophilic chain extenders were summarized，the differences in the performance of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid of waterborne polyurethanes were analyzed in detail. The high water resistance，high flexibility，high solid content and other properties of sulfonic acid type waterborne polyurethane are analyzed in detail，and compared to carboxylic acid type waterborne polyurethane in the performance advantages of all aspects. The research progress in nonionic hydrophilic and amphoteric hydrophilic chain extenders were briefly described，and the development trend of hydrophilic chain extender in the cost，the synthetic route and environmental aspects was also discussed.

Key words: waterborne polyurethane, hydrophilic chain extender, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid

摘要： 水性聚氨酯在涂料、医学、胶黏剂等领域都有着广泛的应用，而扩链剂是合成聚氨酯的一种关键原料。在扩链剂上引入某些特征基团就会对聚氨酯的性能产生一定的影响，亲水性扩链剂可以使水性聚氨酯具有良好的分散性或自乳化性能。羧酸型和磺酸型亲水扩链剂是目前使用较为普遍的阴离子型亲水扩链剂材料。该文简述了扩链剂的定义、作用以及亲水性扩链剂的种类，综述了羧酸型和磺酸型亲水扩链剂的研究进展，详细分析了磺酸型水性聚氨酯的高耐水性、高柔软性，高固含量等性能以及相比于羧酸型水性聚氨酯在各方面性能上的优势。文中还简述了非离子型亲水扩链剂和两性亲水扩链剂的研究进展，并就成本、合成路线及环保方面对亲水性扩链剂的发展趋势作了展望。

关键词: 水性聚氨酯, 亲水扩链剂, 磺酸型, 羧酸型