Study on online detection method of particulate matter in natural gas pipeline based on microwave technology

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221312

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of difficult detection of particulate matter in natural gas pipeline, an online detection method for particulate matter in natural gas pipeline based on microwave technology was proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of particles in natural gas pipe network were analyzed, and based on the principle of microwave measurement, microwave transmission in the pipeline was realized by means of a sealed probe. Secondly, finite element simulation software was used to study the structure optimization of the sealing probe and pipe size (distance between two probes), and the current distribution and optimal structural parameters of the microwave measurement system were analyzed. Finally, an experimental platform was built to quantitatively analyze the influence law of the output voltage of the measuring system and the concentration of particulate matter under different working conditions. The results show that when the droplet concentration in the pipeline changes from 39 mg/m³ to 210 mg/m³, the relationship between the output voltage of the measurement system and the droplet concentration is fitted by quadratic function, and the coefficient of determination R² is above 0.966. The average relative indication error of each signal sampling point fluctuates around 5.20%, and the repeatability of the measurement system varies within 0.24%. The research results have guiding significance for the realization of the long-term detection method of subsequent natural gas pipelines, and then ensuring the safe operation of the pipeline network.

Key words: particulate matter, natural gas, optimal design, online detection, measurement, microwave, simulation

摘要：

针对天然气管道内颗粒物难以检测的问题，提出了一种基于微波技术的管道内颗粒物在线检测方法。首先对我国天然气管网内颗粒物进行特征分析，并基于微波测量原理以密封探针的方式实现了微波在管道中的传输；其次，采用有限元仿真软件对密封探针结构优化以及管道尺寸(两探针间距)进行研究，分析微波测量系统的电流分布规律和最优结构参数；最后，搭建实验平台，定量分析了不同工况下测量系统输出电压与颗粒物浓度的影响规律。结果表明，当管道内液滴浓度在39~210 mg/m³变化时，采用二次函数拟合测量系统输出电压与液滴浓度的关系，可决系数R²在0.966以上；各信号采样点的相对示值误差平均值在5.20%上下波动，测量系统重复性都在0.24%范围内变化。

关键词: 颗粒物, 天然气, 优化设计, 在线检测, 测量, 微波, 模拟

CLC Number:

TQ 028.2

Junxian CHEN, Zhongli JI, Yu ZHAO, Qian ZHANG, Yan ZHOU, Meng LIU, Zhen LIU. Study on online detection method of particulate matter in natural gas pipeline based on microwave technology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1042-1053.

陈俊先, 姬忠礼, 赵瑜, 张倩, 周岩, 刘猛, 刘震. 基于微波技术的天然气管道内颗粒物在线检测方法研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1042-1053.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1 3D model of microwave measurement system

Table 1 Attribute parameters of major materials

材料	相对介电常数	磁导率	电导率/(S/m)
天然气	1	1	1×10^-5
测量管段	1	1	1×10^-8
探针填充物	2	1	0
同轴接口	1	1	5.997×10⁷
探针外壳	1	1	5.997×10⁷

Fig.2 Schematic of seal probe

Fig.3 Variation of the electric field of the sealed probe at different excitation frequencies

Fig.4 Variation of the parameters of the sealing probe at 24.125 GHz

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation of the sealing probe when f=2.2 mm and H=4.1 mm

Fig.6 Variation of electric field in measuring section of pipeline with different radius

Fig.7 Variation of electric field height of pipes with different radius

Fig.8 Variation of the average current density and the maximum deviation of current density

Fig.9 Variation law of system S-parameters under different radius pipes

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the experimental platform

Fig.11 Field diagram of the experimental platform

Fig.12 Comparison of S-parameters between measured and simulated microwave measurement system (empty sensor)

Fig.13 Measurement results of black powder with different contents

Table 2 Instantaneous concentration test data of microwave measurement system

数据采样点	光学检测系统颗粒物浓度值/(mg/m³)	微波测量系统电压值/μV	流速/(m/s)	各测试点单次检定相对示值误差/%	各测试点相对示值误差平均值/%	重复性/%
6	0	514.27	1.12	—	—	—
	44.28	544.21	1.12	5.82	5.58	0.233
	48.57	542.87	1.13	5.56
	39.32	541.82	1.12	5.36
5	0	517.64	0.84	—	—	—
	58.07	546.18	0.84	5.51	5.55	0.161
	50.27	547.31	0.84	5.73
	54.65	545.68	0.82	5.42
4	0	521.56	0.70	—	—	—
	64.76	549.63	0.71	5.38	5.21	0.150
	69.84	548.24	0.68	5.12
	65.11	548.31	0.68	5.13
3	0	524.13	0.57	—	—	—
	88.63	551.22	0.58	5.17	5.16	0.114
	85.22	551.73	0.56	5.27
	81.45	550.54	0.57	5.04
2	0	528.47	0.42	—	—	—
	112.41	554.24	0.43	4.88	4.86	0.105
	106.69	553.58	0.41	4.75
	116.34	554.68	0.40	4.96
1	0	532.25	0.27	—	—	—
	214.24	558.32	0.26	4.90	4.90	0.128
	208.34	559.01	0.28	5.03
	202.36	557.65	0.28	4.77

Fig.14 The relationship between measurement system output voltage and flow rate

Fig.15 The relationship between measurement system output voltage and particulate matter concentration

Fig.16 Relative indication error of measurement system

Fig.17 Repeatability of test points of measurement system

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