A combined power cycle with LNG cold energy recovery consisting of Rankine cycle using ammonia-water as working fluid, power cycle of combustion gas, and LNG cycle, was presented.The energy balance equations and exergy balance equations of heat exchanger and power equipment in the combined power cycle were established.Taking condensation temperature of Rankine cycle, inlet and outlet pressure of turbine of Rankine cycle, inlet and outlet pressures of turbine of LNG cycle as key parameters, the influences of these parameters on the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the combined power cycle were analyzed.Analytical results showed that the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increased with increasing condensation temperature of Rankine cycle, inlet pressure of turbines of Rankine cycle and LNG cycle, and decreased with increasing outlet pressure of turbines of Rankine cycle and LNG cycle.

Liquid desiccant dehumidification process is an important process of liquid desiccant air conditioning systems with coupled heat and mass transfer.The NTU-Le model was developed to describe the liquid desiccant dehumidification process in this paper, and according to the model the characteristics of liquid desiccant dehumidification were presented. Lewis number Le had little effect on outlet air humidity ratio.Based on the characteristics a new method called Le-h_D separative evaluation method was developed for determining coupled heat and mass transfer coefficients between air and liquid desiccant.

Experiments for the liquid desiccant dehumidification process with a cross flow structured packed dehumidifier were performed.Based on the Le-h_D separative evaluation method, mass transfer coefficients were obtained according to the experimental results.The effects of the temperature, flow rate and humidity ratio of inlet air, the temperature and mass concentration of inlet desiccant solution on mass transfer coefficients were analyzed.The correlations of mass transfer coefficients and Lewis number were established.Additional 74 groups of experiments validated the correlations.The calculated values were compared with the experimental values and it was found that the differences of air outlet humidity, temperature and solution outlet temperature between calculated and experimental results were respectively less than 10%, 6%, 12%.The results illustrated that the Le-h_D separative evaluation method was quite acceptable and the correlations of mass transfer coefficients were accurate for packed tower designing or simulation of thermodynamic performance.

A theoretical analysis was conducted to explore the flow structure adjacent to rough walls and its influence on flow friction.The flow friction resistance coefficient was found not only dependent on the relative roughness，but also the geometrical and hydrodynamical features，such as roughness elements density and flow reattachment length.It was irrational that the effects of roughness on the coefficient could be neglected with the criterion of the relative roughness being below 5%.The equivalent treatment of flow area constriction was made，and modified formula and resistant deviation coefficient η were introduced to correct the reduction value of the duct diameter as the function of relative roughness ε/d，roughness element density parameter A and Reynolds number Re.The resistance deviation coefficient increased with increasing A and Re，and the effects of roughness could be ignored at very sparse roughness element distribution or at low Re.

An experimental study of heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling of R410A-oil mixture in an enhanced tube was performed to investigate the influence of mass flux，vapor quality and oil concentration on heat transfer coefficient.The test tube was internally spiral grooved tube，the length of the test tube was 2000 mm，and the outside diameter was 7.0 mm.The test results showed that the heat transfer coefficient of R410A initially increased with vapor quality and then decreased，presenting a local maximum in the vapor quality range between 0.7 and 0.8.The presence of oil enhanced heat transfer coefficient when vapor quality was less than 0.5.When vapor quality was higher than 0.6，heat transfer coefficient decreased rapidly with increasing nominal oil concentration and vapor quality.A new heat transfer coefficient correlation of flow boiling of R410A-oil mixture inside 7 mm enhanced tube was developed based on the mixture properties，and it agreed with 89% of experimental data within deviation of ±30%，and the mean deviation was 17.3%.

Theoretical and experimental studies on an imaging-based correlation velocimetry were presented.The signals received by detectors when a single particle passing through the measurement volume were calculated.The effects of particle size and detector diameter on the signal and its frequency spectrum were studied and the effective length of the measurement volume was analyzed.In data processing，the determination of the length of time window was studied and the methods using windowing functions and data pre-shift were also analyzed.Velocity measurements for the dense region of a spray near the nozzle exit by using the measurement system were successfully carried out.The spray velocity variations under different pulse injections as well as the radial and axial profiles of spray velocities were obtained.The imaging-based correlation velocimetry was proved to be a simple and effective tool for the velocity measurement of the dense gas-liquid flow very close to the nozzle exit.

The flow field of two opposed jets was experimentally investigated with the smoke-wire technique and hot-wire anemometer for the stability of impingement plane and stagnation point offset at various nozzle separations and exit velocity ratios.The results showed that at 2D≤L≤4D（where L is nozzle separation and D is nozzle diameter），the impingement plane was instable and oscillated at equal exit velocities，while the impingement plane deviated from the mid-point to a large extent and the flow field became stable comparatively at a small difference of exit velocities.At 2D≤L≤8D，the stagnation position was very sensitive to the change of velocity ratio; while at L<2D or L>8D，the position of stagnation point became insensitive to the change of exit velocity ratio.

The particle residence time distributions in the entrained-flow gasifier as the important parameters in the gasification process were studied by using a new stimulus response method.The differences of the particle residence time distributions in the opposed multi-burner entrained-flow (OMBEF) and Texaco gasifier were compared.The influence of gas velocity and particle diameter on particle residence time distributions was discussed.The experimental results showed that the new stimulus response method was reliable and could be used to measure the particle residence time distributions in the entrained-flow gasifier and the particle residence time in the OMBEF gasifier was more favorable than in the Texaco gasifier.The results also showed that with increasing gas velocity and decreasing particle diameter, the mean and variance of particle residence time increased in both kinds of entrained-flow gasifier.

The LBGK（lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook）model of the lattice Boltzmann method including second-order boundary condition treatment for curve geometry was employed to investigate the flow around particle clusters.The drag coefficient is a benchmark problem in the analysis of particle-fluid complex systems，especially，in a gas-solid fluidized bed.In the present work，the drag coefficient on a spherical particle in a cluster，was evaluated by using the momentum-exchange method directly.Two different configurations of cluster were measured based on the lattice Boltzmann method.Computational results indicated that the drag coefficient on an individual particle in a cluster depended heavily on the configuration of cluster.And the drag coefficient on the particle in the cluster was lower when that particle was shielded by other particles.Additionally，except for the configuration factor，both the inter-distance and Reynolds number had a strong effect on the drag coefficient on an individual particle as well.It was found that the drag coefficient on each particle varied drastically with clustering.Omitting the effect of clustering might result in incorrect drag forces in the simulation.

To discuss the relationship between complexity measures extracted from gray image time series and flow pattern transition in gas-liquid two-phase flow，three complexity measures，including Lempel-Ziv complexity，fractal box dimension，and Shannon information entropy were extracted from sixty flow pattern image signals of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the horizontal pipe by using digital high speed video systems.Based on the above studies，the chaos dynamic characteristics of three complexity measures in different gas superficial velocities，and the recognition capability of gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern were analyzed.The results indicated that these three complexity measures were sensitive to the flow pattern transition in gas-liquid two-phase flow.By analyzing the changes of three complexity measures with gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters，the dynamics structure inversion characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow could be got，which provided an efficient，supplementary diagnostic tool to reveal the flow pattern transition mechanism of gas-liquid two-phase flow and quantitatively identify flow pattern.

Pt-Sn-Li/Al₂O₃/FeCrAl catalyst was prepared by using FeCrAl alloy foil as the base of support and Pt-Sn-Li/γ-Al₂O₃ as the active coating.The catalyst was characterized by means of XRD，SEM，H₂-TPR.The effects of temperature，LHSV and the molar ratio of hydrogen to alkane on the catalytic performance for the long chain alkane dehydrogenation were investigated in a fixed-bed microreactor.The results indicated that the adhesiveness between support and active coating was very good，and only less than 2% coating was peeled off after ultrasonic vibration treatment.The interaction between Al₂O₃/FeCrAl metallic composite support and active components was strengthened distinctly，after the active coating was supported on FeCrAl alloy foil.A higher temperature benefited the dehydrogenation reaction，but an overly high temperature would accelerate the coking deactivation of catalyst.A lower LHSV benefited the conversion of the alkanes，but a further decrease of LHSV would reduce the selectivity of the alkenes.A lower molar ratio of hydrogen to alkane benefited the conversion of the alkanes，but similarly，a too low molar ratio of hydrogen to alkane would accelerate the catalyst deactivation by carbon deposition.

A rotating cylinder photocatalytic reactor was designed and assembled, and the measurement of illumination distribution, as well as the degradation experiments of 4BS dye solution in batch operation were performed.After data processing and mathematical derivation, a design equation of the reactor was established.The degradation rate equation included the influences of the concentration of solution,and the amount of catalyst, UV intensity, pH and area of illumination, and water treatment in the photocatalytic reactor was simulated.The simulation result agreed with experimental data and could be used for the scale up of such reactors.

Ni-Cu catalysts with different ratios were prepared through the precipitation method.The influence of Ni-Cu interaction on the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied with XRD，TPR and XPS characterizations.The result showed that the obtained catalysts were Ni(OH)₂，the mixture of Ni(OH)₂ and Cu(OH)₂，and CuO respectively when the catalyst system contains only Ni，Ni and Cu，and only Cu.The reduction temperature of the catalyst decreased owing to Ni-Cu interaction，and Ni prevented the transformation of Cu(OH)₂ to CuO.In addition，the catalytic activity was higher with a higher Ni content and the existence of Ni improved the catalytic activity of Cu.

A novel solar photocatalytic reactor was developed, in which compound parabolic concentrator was used as solar collecting component, and TiO₂ catalyst supported on glass fiber mesh by the sol-gel method was used as catalyst.The photonic collection efficiency factor was estimated to be about 0.759 by potassium ferrioxalate actinometry.As the result of reasonable fixation configuration and appropriate catalytic activity of immobilized catalyst, the apparent quantum yield of phenol degradation in the reactor could reach up to 1/2 of that of the reactor with slurry catalyst system, which suggests that the reactor is of good practicability.

An environmentally benign method to accelerate the pinacol rearrangement in high temperature liquid water by the addition of CO₂ was proposed.The effects of CO₂ initial pressure and temperature on the kinetics of pinacol rearrangement were studied.The experimental results showed that the reaction rate could be greatly increased with the addition of CO₂.The activation energies evaluated were 81.1 kJ·mol^-1 without CO₂, and 87.1 kJ·mol^-1 with CO₂ initial pressure at 0.2 MPa, which showed no significant difference.The main by-product was confirmed to be 2,3-dimethyl-3-butadiene by GC/MS and the possible reaction mechanism was proposed.

The synergetic kinetics of phenol degradation in water by using microwave/H₂O₂（MW/H₂O₂）system was studied.It was found that phenol degradation followed pseudo-first order reaction and was significantly enhanced and the rate constant enhancement was about 5.98 in the combined MW/H₂O₂ system.This fact indicated that there existed synergetic effects in the MW/H₂O₂ process.A simplified mechanistic model for phenol degradation was proposed to account for the combined contribution of MW radiation, H₂O₂ oxidation and hydroxyl radical, and was well suitable for the phenol degradation in the presence of superfluous H₂O₂.

Biodiesel was prepared by esterification of cottonseed oil crude fatty acids with methanol and with sulfuric acid as catalyst.Three fractions of the biodiesel (230—260℃, 230—310℃ and 260—310℃) were collected by vacuum distillation at an absolute pressure of 2000 Pa.The densities, viscosities and solidifying points of the fractions were determined.At the same time, the composition of the biodiesel was analyzed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).It was found that the solidifying points of two fractions (230—260℃ and 230—310℃) met the national standard of 0^# diesel, and the fraction of 260—310℃ could be used as fuel for low-speed engines.

Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is a widely recognized process hazards analysis (PHA) technique used for hazard identification in the chemical process industry in the world.To overcome the shortage of the existing HAZOP expert systems with regard to “non-routine” analysis, a case based reasoning framework is proposed in this paper.The case base and the structure of cases are briefly described and the case search and matching strategies are presented.To facilitate the management of the knowledge base, a case constructor is developed.The industrial case study demonstrates that the CBR-based HAZOP expert system has overcome the technical bottleneck of the existing HAZOP expert systems in machine learning and “non-routine” HAZOP analysis.

The exponential reference trajectory algorithm used in traditional predictive function control results in the fact that the dynamic response can not be tuned to track a predefined curve.A new reference trajectory self-tuning scheme for predictive function control is presented in this paper.The damp parameter of reference trajectory is on-line optimal tuned by comparing current reference trajectory with a predefined trajectory，which guarantees that the dynamic response can reach the set point at an expected time and follow the expected response.The simulation shows that the proposed method can result in favorable dynamic performance and good robustness.

A dynamic model of a FCCU reactor/regenerator was established by mechanism analysis.From the point of view of operation and control, the margin of air flow rate in FCCU regenerator was calculated by dynamic optimization.From the result it could be concluded that the process dynamic characteristics had a great effect on the margin of air flow rate.Besides the steady margin for the variation in process and equipment, the dynamic margin for control must be considered and its size is related to the control system.The higher the control performance is wanted, the greater the air flow rate margin is required.During process design the control performance and the margin of air flow rate should be studied as a whole so that the design result can both satisfy process demand and achieve good control performance.

A recursive Kernel eigenspace updating algorithm was proposed to build the soft sensor for end-product quality.The updating procedure was composed of two sub-stages, i.e.firstly performing forward increasing updating and then followed by backward decreasing updating, which drastically decreased the required computation workload.Further, the whole Kernel matrix did not need to be stored.Simulation study on the Tennessee Eastman process showed that the consequent impurity component model had satisfying precision under both normal and faulty operations, which was obviously superior to the offline batch model and meanwhile approximated the performance of model obtained by successively applying the time-consuming traditional eigenvalue numerical algorithm.

Ni-mSA/CS bipolar membrane was prepared from sodium alginate and chitosan and used as a separator in the electrolysis cell to produce thioglycolic acid(TGA).The FTIR，mechanical properties，moisture content and ion exchange capacity of membranes were investigated.The nickel net was settled down on the surface of mSA membrane to realize zero polar distance electrolysis in the cathode room.The experimental results showed that thioglycolic acid was prepared effectively by electro-reduction of dithioglycollic acid blended with thioglycolic acid in the cathode room and 25% H₂SO₄ as the anode electrolyte.The current efficiency was up to 66.7% at room temperature when current density was 10 mA·cm^-2.

Adding soluble polymers into the protein solution is one of the traditional techniques to prevent protein aggregation.The mechanism of this process，however，is not well understood.Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the molecular assembly formed between 2D model proteins and 2D model polymers with different hydrophobicity values，molecular weight and concentration.It was shown that polymer with a moderate hydrophobicity value could prevent protein aggregation and thus stabilize the native structure via forming protein-polymer complex.It was also shown that the increase of molecular weight and concentration of polymer could prevent protein aggregation.The snapshots of protein-polymer complex and the distribution of protein conformations showed that the polymers with a suitable hydrophobicity value，molecular weight and concentration，could assemble around the surface of model protein via weakly hydrophobic interaction to disperse protein，thus avoiding protein-protein interaction，which leads to the aggregation.The above dynamic Monte Carlo simulation agreed well with experimental observations reported in literature.The molecular insight of polymer-protein interactions，as established by the present simulation，can be used to guide the design and application of polymers as protein stabilizer in bioprocessing engineering.

Escherichia coli DH5α and its acetate-tolerant mutant DA19 were continuously cultured in nitrogen-limited defined media.Compared with DH5α, DA19 showed improved growth yield due to decreased specific glucose consumption rate and formation of less acetic acid and pyruvate at a similar dilution rate.Based on mass balance and metabolic reaction stoichiometry, the metabolic flux distribution in DH5α and DA19 at a dilution rate of 0.13 h^-1 was calculated.Compared with DH5α, DA19 had a higher flux of tricarboxylic acid cycle and a lower flux of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway so it decreased the secretion rate of by-products, such as acetate and pyruvate.This indicated that DA19 had higher efficiency in energy metabolism. The activities of isocitrate lyase, 6-phosphoglucose dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and acetokinase were measured, and the difference of activities between the two strains were consistent with the difference of metabolic fluxes.

In order to improve the conversion efficiency of lactic acid from cellulose, the spores containing cellobiase with high activity from Aspergillus niger ZU-07 and the cells of Lactobacillus delbrium were embedded together into calcium alginate gel beads, and the formed coimmobilized cell system was coupled with the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic material to set up a novel coupling bioreactor.The research results showed that the cellobiose in the hydrolysate was converted to glucose rapidly by the cellobiase in the coimmobilized cells, and the glucose was utilized rapidly by L.delbrium to produce lactic acid.Therefore, the feedback inhibition on cellulase caused by cellobiose and glucose was eliminated effectively.When the hydrolysis temperature and fermentation temperature were controlled at 50℃ and 48℃, respectively, and the volume ratio of the coimmobilized cells to the column reactor was 40%, the produced lactic acid concentration and the yield of lactic acid from cellulose were 55.7 g·L^-1 and 91.5%, respectively.Under the fed-batch process, the final concentration of lactic acid and productivity increased to 106.7 g·L^-1 and 1.270 g·L^-1·h^-1, respectively, while the dosage of cellulase per gram substrate reduced by 25%.

A comprehensive two-dimensional mathematic model was developed for PEMFC with conventional single parallel flow field.In this model, the transport of the two charged species,electrons and ions,as well as that of the chemical species was considered.The model also described the phenomena of liquid water flooding and water transport through membrane.The influence of pressure and liquid water flooding on the fuel cell performance was investigated respectively.The distribution of liquid water in the cathode and water content of membrane were compared under different cell voltage and relative humidity of anode gas.The polarization curves predicted by the model agreed well with the published experimental data.The result indicated that liquid water flooding was more serious with a smaller output voltage.Liquid water condensation was good for keeping high conductivity of membrane near the cathode, but it would flood the electrode and decrease the performance of the cell.

A hybrid two-phase three-dimensional and non-isothermal mathematical model was developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with straight channel.The capillary flow and the distribution of liquid water in porous media were considered in this model.And the effects of the structure of two-layer gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the characteristics of carbon fiber on fuel cell performance were analyzed.The results indicated that the thickness of the first layer of GDL, which should be optimized, had contrary effects on the conductivity of membrane and the transport process of gas species.For certain conditions, the decrease of carbon fibers diameter of the first layer of GDL increased the conductivity of membrane, which enhanced the performance of fuel cell.The hydrophobility and porosity of porous media should be increased to improve the cell performance while keeping other parameters constant.

Experimental study of removing hydrogen disulfide was carried out in a 0.1 MW thermal input pressurized spout-fluid bed during coal gasification.The effects of temperature, pressure, particle size of calcium-based desulfurizer and molar ratio of Ca to S were systematically investigated.The desulfurization efficiency increased with increasing temperature and operation pressure but the extent of increase became weaker.The desulfurization efficiency increased with increasing molar ratio of Ca to S, but did not increase greatly when the molar ratio of Ca to S was more than 2.The desulfurization efficiency increased with decreasing particle size of desulfurizer.

A mathematical model was developed to describe the behavior of species in pulsed discharge of the NO/N₂/O₂/H₂O system, and to compute the generation of the species by considering a serious of chemical reactions in the pulsed discharge into stiff ordinary differential equations.The equations were numerically solved with the Rosenbrock method and the evolution of various species produced in the NO/N₂/O₂/H₂O system as a function of residence time was studied.The results showed that NO reduction and NO oxidation coexisted in one NO removal process.The proportion of NO oxidation was much bigger than that of NO reduction, when the concentrations of NO, N₂,O₂, H₂O and CO₂ were 200×10^-6, 80%, 5％, 6％ and 9％ respectively.Both NO reduction efficiency and NO oxidation efficiency increased with increasing pulsed discharge frequency.The concentration of HNO3 increased with increasing concentration of water vapor, indicating that the proportion of NO oxidation increased with increasing concentration of water vapor.

The SHARON process was used to remove ammonium nitrogen from landfill leachate with moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR).The start-up of biofilm reactor and the affecting factors on half-nitrosofication were investigated.Nitrosobacteria was selectively cultivated on the biofilm and short-cut nitrification was achieved in 4 weeks by controlling the following conditions as HRT=1 d, DO=0.5—1.0 mg·L^-1, pH of about 7.5, T=30℃ and no sludge recycle.The experimental results showed that when the influent ammonium concentration was 500 mg·L^-1, half-nitrosofication could be achieved at pH of 7.0 and DO of 1.5 mg·L^-1 and when the influent ammonium concentration was 300 mg·L^-1, half-nitrosofication could be achieved at pH of 7.0 and DO of 1.0 mg·L^-1.The most probable number (MPN) measurement showed that the overwhelming quantity of nitrosobacteria immobilized on biofilm was the main reason for stable and high nitrite accumulation in the reactor.

Two pilot-scale membrane bioreactors with different running processes were studied in treating domestic wastewater under the same conditions.The results showed that both systems had good ability for COD_Cr and ammonia nitrogen removal.Membrane sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) showed higher removal efficiency than aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR) for total nitrogen.But the high dissolved oxygen (DO), low C/N and lack of mechanical agitation of MSBR limited further increase of the TN removal efficiency.The membrane fouling of AMBR was more serious than that of MSBR.The increase rates of TMP versus COD_Cr rejected by unit membrane area were 0.065 kPa·g^-1·m² and 0.037 kPa·g^-1·m² respectively for MSBR and AMBR.Detailed analysis was made to explain this phenomenon.

The spent caustic wastewater from petroleum refinery contains high concentration sulfide, phenol and oil pollutants.A novel two stage circulating biological aerated filter (CBAF) was used to treat the wastewater after dilution by water and neutralization by H₂SO₄.The factors of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, hydraulic retention time (HRT), nutrient, pH value, temperature and backwashing cycle, which affected the treatment efficiency of spent caustic wastewater were investigated.The experimental results showed that the average removal percentages of COD, sulfide, volatile phenol and oil pollutants were 89.3%，99.8%，93.6% and 85.7%， respectively under feasible conditions.The average removal loading rates of COD and sulfide pollutants were 8.37 kg·m^-3·d^-1 and 4.44 kg·m^-3·d^-1, respectively.The experimental results also showed that the CBAF process was a kind of high loading rate, high treatment efficiency, long backwashing cycle and low cost treatment process with a good application prospect for the treatment of spent caustic wastewater from petroleum refinery.

Acid Orange Ⅱ solution was degraded by gas-liquid gliding arc discharge，and its degradation kinetics and degradation mechanism were studied.The results showed that,when applied voltage was 10 kV，carrier gas was O₂，gas flow rate was fixed at 0.4 m³·h^-1，wastewater flow rate was 20 ml·min^-1，shortest electrode distance was 3.5 mm，solution concentration was not more than 300 mg·L^-1，the degradation reaction of Acid Orange Ⅱ by gliding arc discharge followed the first-order law.The absolute quantities of H₂O₂，O₃ and the relative quantity of OH· produced by gliding arc discharge in distilled water were measured.The main intermediates were detected during decomposition，such as acetic acid，oxalic acid，malonic acid，phenol，3-hydroxyhypnone，naphthalene，benzene sulfonic acid，phthalic acid（anhydride），β-naphthalene etc. by ultraviolet-visible（UV-Vis）spectroscopy，ion chromatograph（IC）and gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrophotometer（GC-MS）techniques.The possible degradation pathway of Acid Orange Ⅱ was also speculated，that was，hydroxyl radical reacted with the azo linkage-bearing carbon of naphthol-ring，and the C—N cleaved，the azo-dye decolored and mineralized.

Organmontmorillonite (O-MMT) was modified by surfactant-octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with Na-montmorollonite (Na-MMT).The characteristics and structure of the sorbent were investigated by Fourier transform infrared ray spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and BET analysis.The results indicated that organic cations were exchanged into Na-MMTs stacks and the basal spacing (d₀₀₁) increased from 1.26 nm to 3.80 nm.Then O-MMT was used as sorbent to treat oily wastewater from port.Comparing to Na-MMT, the COD (chemical oxygen demand) and oil removal increased by 5.0 times and 2.5 times, respectively .The effects of agitation time, the amount of O-MMT and recycle times of O-MMT were investigated and the optimum experiment condition at room temperature was established: adding 2.0 % O-MMT and agitating 30 min.The duty-cycle operation of O-MMT was three times.

The Level Set/Ghost method was introduced to dynamically simulate the weldlines in the symmetric thin mold with rectangle cylinder precisely.The physical controlling equations were discretized by the general finite difference schemes，and the 5WENO（the fifth order weighted essentially nonoscillatory）scheme was implemented for the Level Set/Ghost equations.And then weldlines were captured accurately.Moreover，the analysis was made on the pressure，temperature and velocity at different times.The results were found to agree reasonably well with the corresponding theoretical analysis and to have higher accuracy than the numerical results of prior researches.

Cooling analysis in injection molding finally solves the BEM equations of mold surface temperature.There are many integral items in these equations.Because they can hardly be expressed in analytical form，so we cannot get their accurate analytical solution.Instead，we get their numerical solution with the Gauss integration method.To some extent，its precision is low.This paper adopted approximate-analytical solution and semi-analytical solution instead of numerical solution.In this way，the integral precision on some key points was enhanced by more than 10%.Furthermore，the accuracy of cooling analysis and the condition of the BEM equations were improved effectively.

Transparent hybrid silica/acrylate films were prepared under UV irradiation to improve the hydrophilicity of the glass surface.The contact angle of the water drop on the films was less than five degrees，which indicated excellent hydrophilicity.The effects of reaction time，reaction temperature，content of hydroxyl propyl acrylate（HPA）and n-propanol on the hydrophilicity of the films were discussed respectively.The scanning electron microscope image results showed that the films had porous structure and SiO₂ sol particles were dispersed in the films uniformly.The hybrid films with the best hydrophilicity were under such conditions that the ratio between silica sol(ml) and HPA(mol) was 50∶0.15，reaction temperature was 40℃，reaction time was 1 h and the film coating solution was diluted using 20%(mass) n-propanol.

Water was used as solvent and allyloxy polyethoxy sulfate（APES），maleic anhydride（MA），polymer of maleic anhydride and acrylic acid（MA-AA）were used as monomers to synthesize phosphor-free scale inhibitor and the copolymers structure was characterized by means of FT-IR and ¹H NMR.Free radical polymerization of APES with MA and graft polymerization of APES with MA-AA happened simultaneously.APES-co-MA was the main product while（MA-AA）-g-APES was the minor product.The influence of monomer ratio，dosage and temperature，viscosity-average molecular weight on the copolymers scale inhibition performance was discussed，and the results showed that the copolymer not only had excellent phosphate inhibition capability but also had good carbonate inhibition capability.Its phosphor inhibition reached 98.89% when dosage was 5 mg·L^-1 and temperature was 80℃，and reached 100% when dosage was 5 mg·L^-1 and temperature was 50℃.Carbonate inhibition reached 97.97% when dosage was 25 mg·L^-1 and temperature was 50℃.The calcium carbonate was easy to get rid of，because it became fluffy.The copolymer is suitable for general industrial cooling water system.

The adsorption layer thickness of water reducer on the cement surface was measured through the XPS spectrum and the calculating method of XPS information depth.The results showed that the adsorption layer thicknesses of lignosulfonate(LS),modified lignosulfonate(GCL1-T),naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate(FDN) and aminosulfonate formaldehyde condensate(ASP) on the cement surface were respectively 8.70 nm, 10.87 nm, 1.50 nm and 7.26 nm, while those of GCL1-T and FDN on the fly ash surface were 6.76 nm and 0.95 nm.This method could describe the adsorption layer thickness of the water reducer exactly.From the results, it could be further concluded that the electric repulsive force was the main factor of the dispersion mechanism of FDN, while the steric repulsive force could not be neglected in the dispersion mechanisms of LS, GCL1-T and ASP.

A novel rotating packed bed（RPB）technology was used to prepare butyl rubber for the first time.The effects of the operating parameters，such as rotate speed，polymerization temperature，on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of isobutylene-isoprene rubber（IIR）were investigated in the experiment.The results revealed that IIR prepared by the unique high gravity reaction technology with the molecular weight of 2.89×10⁵，molecular weight distribution index of 1.99 and single-pass conversion 30% was obtained at N=1200 r·min^-1，T_p=-100℃ in the experimental condition.In addition，the mean residence time of the products was less than 1s while that of the conventional technology was 30—60 min.The production efficiency per unit volume of the equipment was increased by 2—3 orders of magnitude.With increasing N and decreasing T_p，the molecular weight of IIR increased whereas no obvious difference of the distribution index of molecular weight was observed.