An experimental study on non-isothermal flow resistance for Petroleum Coke-Residual Oil Slurry (POS) in tubes was made. A mathematical model to describe flow and heat transfer for POS in heated pipe was solved numerically by SIMPLER. The divided length was used to calculate the pressure drop for non - isothermal flow in tube . The comparisons between the calculating and experimental results showed that the method was feasible.In addition, the influences of the parameters such as diameter, velocity and concentration of petroleum coke on the average coefficient of flow resistance were discussed.

The flash pyrolysis of three low rank coals in a nitrogen plasma jet at atmospheric pressure has been studied. The results show that coal undergoes very fast reactions with highly reactive plasma species, which produces a large amount of gas and char. The main components of the gas products are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, acetylene and cyanoacetylene. The concentration of cyanoacety-lene in the gas is related to that of acetylene. It is believed that acetylene acts as the precursor of cyanoacetylene. The acetylene yield depends on the coal type and the experimental conditions, and increases as the volatile matter content of coal increases and as the coal feeding rate is reduced. A maximum acetylene yield of 22. 31% by weight on a carbon basis is obtained from Zhalainuoer lignite when the coal particle size is less than 74μm and the coal feed rate is 5.1 g·min-1. The FT-IR spectra reveal that all of the functional groups in coal except some aromatic C-C bonds have vanished during the pyrolysis, and some nitrogen - containing functional groups such as-CN groups are simultaneously introduced into the chars.

A new polyelectrolyte complex microcapsule formed by interaction between NaCS and PDADMAC was introduced. The effects of the concentration of NaCS and PDADMAC on the cell growth and the consumption of glucose were studied. The immobilization of Bacillus thuringierisis using micro-capsules of NaCS and PDADMAC was studied primarily. The results showed that microcapsules of NaCS - PDADMAC have good biocompatibility with Bacillus thuringiensis.

Based on a cold CFB model, the effect of horizontal orifice areas of Loop Seal on performance was studied in detail. The resistance properties across orifice were obtained under its different operational conditions. An empirical relation between the pressure drop across horizontal orifice and solids circulating flow rate was proposed and a new orifice discharging coefficient was also defined according to the experimental results and theoretical analysis. These will provide a sound basis for the optimum design and operation of Loop Seal.

A new concept of polymeric reversed micellar extraction was proposed on the basis of poly-meric micellar extraction and reversed micellar extraction. Various PPO-PEO copolymers with different PPO content( 60%～100%) and organic solvent were used to form polymeric reversed micellar solutions, which were subsequently used to extract phenol from dilute solutions. The results showed that the partition coefficient increased with the increase of PPO content in polymers. Overall mass transfer coeffi-cient reached its peak at PPO content of 80% . Both partition coefficient and overall mass transfer coefficient increased with the increase of polymer concentration. The addition of a cosurfactant can improve solubilization in polymeric reversed micelles.

Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is a commonly used method to build process models, and is specially useful in the processes with complicated mechanism, which is difficult to be modeled by the traditional methods. The ANN method needs a lot of data. However, practically measured data generally have larger error which may lead to imprecise models built by ANN. Usually the data have to be selected before they are used to train a network, but that is not easy. In this paper a robust evaluation function method for Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN) is proposed. In this way commonly used least square evaluation function form is changed into some special robust evaluation function form which can make the network automatically choose better data. The larger error of data is, the less use of the data is. Therefore the overfilling problem of BPNN can be belter solved so that the precision of the built model will be higher. Based on the sufficienl condition of constructing a robust evaluation function presented in this paper, differenl robusl evalualion functions can be produced. A mathematical example and a practical case study of pressure drop model of hydrocracking trickle bed reactor show that robusl evalualion functions have an obvious superiority in raising model precision and decreasing overfitting of BPNN over the least square evaluation function.

The interfacial tensions of binary liquid-liquid systems ( n-heptane+water), ( n-hexane+water) , (n-octane+water) , (n-nonane + water), (n-heptanol water) , (n-hexanol+water) , (n-octanol+water) , (n- nonanol + water) in the temperature range from 298.15 K to 343.15 K at constant pressure were measured by the pendant drop method. The interfacial tensions of aliphatic hydrocarbon - water systems decreased linearly with higher temperature, but those of aliphatic alcohol - water systems increased, then decreased with higher temperature. In addition, the N - A method used for estimating interfacial tensions was discussed further, which is paid a good deal of attentionto and is one of the purposes of this research.

On the basis of the generalized Gibbs free energy model for mixing of liquids proposed by the authors in another paper, a non - local - composition activity coefficient equation with two parameters is derived. It is applicable to various small molecule liquid mixtures and polymer solutions, and can be used to predict the VLE of multi - component systems with the binary parameters. The calculated results of the bubble point for small molecule liquid mixtures show that the calculated accuracy is comparable to local -composition - activity coefficient equations, except for the alcohol/hydrocarbon systems. Its applicability to the VLE of polymer solutions is evidently superior to UNIQUAC equations etc.

The operating phase diagram, annular pressure drop, minimum spouting velocity and maximum aerating velocity of a draft tube spouted bed with aeration were studied in a 92 mm-I. D. plexiglass column. Experiments were carried out by using four experimental particulate materials and air as the medium for spouting and aeration. A correlation, derived by regressing experimental data, was proposed for predicting the minimum spouting velocity and the maximum aerating velocity of a draft tube spouted bed with aeration.

Based on perturbation theory and the idea of statistical associating fluid theory, an equation of state is established and is used to calculate the density of amino acid and sugar solutions. In the equation of state the induced dipole and quadrupole interactions between the particles are neglected. Density calculation of glycine, alanine, valine, amino n-butyric acid, serine aqueous solutions at four different temperatures and glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose and xylose aqueous solutions at five different temperatures are made. In addition, this EOS is used to predict the density of amino acid + urea + H2O systems without any adjustable parameter. Results show that the accuracy of both regression and prediction calculations is high.

The nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients of water on 9 JK-2 tubes, a JK-1 tube and a smooth tube were measured. The results indicated that the JK-2 tubes can more effectively enhance the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of water than the JK-1 tube. A new mechanism of enhanced nucleate pool boiling heat transfer was proposed, and a corresponding correlation of enhanced nucleate pool boiling heat transfer was developed. The correlation was in good agreement with the experimental data.

An inferential estimation strategy of Texaco gasification furnace temperature based on primary component analysis and new radial basis function networks is proposed. Firstly, the process prior knowledge and primary component analysis are used to simplify the networks input vector and to choose the secondary variable. Then a new recursive hybrid algorithm of radial basis function networks is developed. The algorithm includes the simplified rival penalized competitive learning method to make an adaptive clustering of networks input pattern and the recursive least squares method with forgetting factor to update the networks weights. The results show that this inferential estimator possesses features of fast tracking speed and high estimation accuracy, with performance much better than that of inferential estimators based on conventional radial basis function networks or ordinary backpropagation networks.

A new population - based search algorithm, Line-up Competition Algorithm(LCA) , is presented, which is found to be very efficient in solving non - convex nonlinear programming (NLP) and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems. In LCA algorithm, there always exist independent and parallel evolutionary families. By two different competition fashions which are the competition for existence inside family and the position competition between the families, population is made to evolve rapidly toward optimal or near optimal region. The concept of competition driving force is proposed and its quantitative description is given. These families are arranged a line - up in the light of the value of their objective function, and allocated the corresponding search space according to their position in the line-up, resulting in the balance of local search and global search. The technique of contracting search space is applied for increasing the convergence speed. The algorithm was tested with a set of typical non - convex NLP and MINLP problems, the results obtained indicate that LCA has obvious advantage over genetic algorithms and simulated annealing algorithms in solution quality and search rate.

The chemical composition, crystal structure pre-reduction, and post - reduction density and the important characteristics such as surface area, pore volume, porosity, mean pore radius and pore distribution of A301 catalyst have been studied systematically. The results show that the catalyst specific area and its pore structure is generated during the reduction process and the catalyst before reduction can be regarded as a compact solid with little pore. The BET surface area and a - Fe crystalline size of the A301 are comparable with the traditional catalyst A110-2. A301 s α- Fe and alkali surface area aresmaller than A110 - 2, but its acid surface area is larger than A110-2. Its bulk density and particle density are larger than A110 - 2 too, but its true density is not. The pore volume, porosity and pore radius of A301 are smaller than the traditional catalyst. This is inconsistent with the results reported by Nielsen A. The increase of activity of the Fe1-x O based A301 catalyst is due to the change of the surface properties ( such as enlargement of the acid surface area ) and surface structure of the α- Fe reduced fromFe1-x O, rather than the enlargement of the BET specific area , pore radius or increase of Fe content .

The Scheutjens - Fleer model on monodisperse polymer adsorption was extended to the situation of polydisperse polymer adsorption by the method of seeking the extremum of the partition function constructed for the system. Using a suitable calculation method, the authors obtained the numerical re-suits of the model which had been very difficult to solve before. The microscopic adsorption of the poly-disperse polymer at solid/liquid interface, the effects of the polydisperse index on the properties of the adsorption layer and the size distributions of train, loop and tail conformations were studied. It is shown that a polymer with a large molecular weight is adsorbed more favorably and that the polydisperse index affects the adsorption of polydisperse polymer largely.

A new method for determining ζ- potential of membrane in solution was developed on the basis of measuring electroosmosis flux in an alternating electric field. This method was effective in dealing with the concentration polarization that occurred during the measurement. The function of polyethylene gly-col 4000 to shield the interaction between microfiltration membranes and protein was examined at different pH of the solution. It was shown that ζ- potential could serve as an index of membrane fouling and be used in the study of the nature of membrane fouling.

Iron - particle chain rotation was studied in water-iron-stainless steel particle fluidized bed under transverse rotating magnetic field. Experimental results showed that the bed behavior had two marked features:①Chains formed by iron particles under low rotating frecpiency; ②Vibrating fluidized bed caused by rotating magnetic field. The factors affecting chain length such as rotating frequency, magnetic field intensity, flow rate and particles addition, were reported.

In this study, the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient is estimated by using the oxygen dissolution method in a three - phase circulating fluidized bed reactor of 140 mm inner diameter and 3.0m height. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa is obtained from the measured bulk concentration of the liquid phase by fitting to the axial dispersion model. The influences of the main operation conditions, including superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity and solid circulating rate, are studied systematically. The experimental results are compared with previous researches that were conducted in conventional three-phase fluidized beds.

Sodium bis (2 - ethylhexyl polyoxyalkylene) sulfosuccinates (SEPES) were prepared and used to form the reversed micelles in isooctane. Taking the hydrolysis of olive oil as a model reaction, the effects of average polymerization number ( n) of ethylene oxide and water content on the activity and stability of lipase in the reversed micelles were investigated. It was found that the activity, the apparent turnover number, and the deactivation rate coefficient of lipase in the reversed micelles formed by SEPES at n=2.0 in isooctane were respectively 2.2, 2.1 and 0.39 times, more than those in AOT/isooctane reversed micelles, while the apparent Michaelis constants of lipase in the two systems were of little differ-

The pVT properties of linear alkanes are studied by molecular connectivity index and artificial neural network (ANN) . It is found that the properties can be directly calculated from the molecular structure. Here 25 compounds are treated as a training set to extract the weight factor by ANN. According to the training results of ANN, the pVT data of other 15 compounds were predicted. The calculated values are satisfactory. Using the ANN and the molecular connectivity index can provide a convenient and effective method to calculate the pVT data.

A concept of Packing Coefficient was introduced into the analysis of solid adsorption refrigeration cycle, which is helpful to describing the difference between real and theoretical cycle, and finding some problem in designing and operating that kind of equipment. The effects of cycle time and maximum heating temperature of heating fluid were studied experimentally and discussed also. These findings would provide reference to further development and optimum operation of solid adsorption refrigeration.

An investigation on the phase distribution in air - water gas - liquid two - phase flow in a hor-(?)ontal circular channel was conducted by using the double - sensor resistivity probe. The typical time se-ries signal of the probe were presented. The variations of phase distribution with variations of gas and liquid volumetric fluxes were analyzed and the present data were compared with prior work data and existing models. It was found that there exists a more complex phase distribution pattern in horizontal flow system than in vertical flow. The radial local void fraction profiles have a similarity at the same measuring angle with different gas and liquid flow rates. However, a non - symmetric profile can be observed at a given slice of pipe cross - section except along the horizontal axis of the pipe .