There is an increasing interest in the adsorptive reactors, in which adsorption is coupled with reaction. The dynamics of adsorptive reactors is of practical and theoretical significance. But only the cases of irreversible reactions and instantaneous reversible reactions coupled with adsorption were dealt with in previous studies. In this paper, a theoretical study for the dynamics of adsorptive reactors is presented. The reversible reaction, A vB with finite m-th order forward and n-th order backward reaction rate, coupled with the instantaneous nonlinear Langmuir adsorption of reactant alone or product alone is considered. A model of fixed bed adsorber/reactors is suggested on the assumption of no diffusional limitation, plug flow for the fluid phase, negligible pressure drop along the bed. The responses of fixed bed adsorber/reactors to step or pulse inputs of reactant A are obtained by numerical solution. The effects on the performance of adsorber/reactors of the factors, which are adsorption equilibrium constants, reaction rate constants, are discussed. The reactant-free effluents and higher reaction conversion are observed as a result of the coupling of adsorption and reaction, which enables the production of a product without the need of a purification step.

A new static high pressure(0-10 MPa)equilibrium cell with viewing window was established. The volumes of both vapor and liquid phases can be accurately determined from the window. The degassed pure liquids can be fed continuously, therefore, one half of a phase diagram can be determined in a single run of experiment. Vapor pressures of pure dichloro-difluoromethane, diethyether and acetone above ordinary boiling point and isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria of two binary systems, dichlorodifluoromethane-diethylether and diethylether-acetone were measured. Temperature T, total amount nT and total composition z of the system, total vapor pressure p and volume of vapor phase Vg were taken directly from the experiment. With the use of material balance and the method of calculating vapor compositions y from T, p and x, equilibrium liquid and vapor composition x and y of these binaries were obtained. The fugacity coefficients needed during the calculations were estimated by the modified Peng-Robinson equation of state.

Simulated moving-bed is used to overcome the difficulty of circulating and separating resins from the pulp in resin-in-pulp process. This makes the processes of adsorption of metals, regeneration and washing of resins to be finished in only one device. In order to provide a sound theoretical basis for the design of the new type contactor, the overall mass transfer coefficients are calculated and concentration curves of each stage in continuous operations are formulated. Experimental results show that the flow rate and ion concentration in the feed pulp have different effects on the concentration curves of a single stage or four-stage continuous operation. Experimental results fit well to the theoretical model. The concentration curves and overall mass transfer coefficients for a single stage and four-stage operation under different conditions are obtained.

The hydrodynamics of non-fluidized gas-particle flow through aninclined pipe and an orifice is studied by using the theories of multiphase flow and particulate media mechanics. A series of dynamic differential equations is developed to correlate the gas pressure, interparticle contact pressure, voidage with the properties of gas and particles, the geometry of the bed, and the condition of operation. A numerical method of the dynamic differential equations and an integral method of the simplified dynamic differential equation, which are used to calculate the particle flow rate through an orifice, are also established. The theoretical prediction is in good agreement with the experimental data.

An analytical solution and experimental investigation concerning the problem of turbulent heat transfer in an annulus are made with simultaneously devoloping velocity and temperature distribution under the condition of a constant wall heat flux. For the theoretical study several groups of differential and integral equations are derived and solved by using a finite difference technique. From the asymptotic solutions some turbulent heat transfer relations are obtained. In the experiments the inner diameter of the channel is 12.34mm and the outer diameter is 19.00mm. The inner wall of the channel is provided with constant heat flux and the outer wall heat-insulated. The range of the parameters Re= (2-13.5) × 104; Pe=128-854. It is found that the asymptotic solutions agree very well with the experimental data obtained by the authors and others.

The Lennard-Jones potential and Barker-Henderson perturbationtheory are used to calculate the dispersion and repulsion energies between molecules. The dipole-dipole energy for polar molecules is treated as an average of space orientation. The Helmholtz free energy contribution of dipole moment is deduced from the perturbation theory also and tested by Monte Carlo molecular simulation data. The dipole-induced dipole energy is considered too. The component activity coefficients for H2O-nC4H9OH binary system are calculated. The results are satisfactory.

Based on paper ( I ), the formulas of Helmholtz free energy for fluid mixtures with charged ions and polar molecules are deduced. All kinds of interaction energies between solute-solvent, solvent-solvent and solute-solute are considered (including dispersion, repulsion, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, ion-ion and ion-dipole energies). The activity coefficients of solvents in LLE for three salt-containing mixed-solvent ternary systems [H2O-nC4H9OH-MX (MX = NaCl, KCl and KBr)] at 25℃ are calculated asd compared with experimental data.

On the basis of the detailed understanding of the kinetic mechanism of free-radical suspension polymerization, a mathematic model of the polymerization is proposed by considering the gel effect. The lab scale batch reactor system developed by the authors is described. According to the experimental data, the principal model parameters are identified. The results show that the mathematic model is quite suitable for the polymerization reactor during the whole period of reaction.

This paper discusses the methods for solving MESH equation groups for a distillation tower. A phase equilibrium coefficient simplified model and a binary iteration algorithm are proposed. The algorithm has features of numerical stability, smaller storage space and rapid convergence.

A generalized dual-mode sorption model of puregases in glassy polymer based on the concept of dual-mode sorption is obtained by idealizing the dissolution of gas in polymer as that in liquid solution. The interaction between gas and polymer is considered in the model. The solubility coefficient is affected mainly by the concentration of ordinary dissolution.

The flash pyrolysis is an efficient method to produce liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons from coal.This paper reports the flash pyrolysis characteristics of Zalannoer brown coal of Inner Mongolia in H2 and N2 atmospheres. The experiment was carried out in an experimental entrained reactor. The results showed that the yield of gaseous hydrocarbons by flash pyrolysis in H2 atmosphere is 1.5 times larger than that in N2, and the yield of hydrocarbon liquid in H2 is 70% larger than that in N2 at atmospheric pressure; the yield of hydrocarbon liquid in H2 is 5.8 times larger than that in N2 at 6.0 MPa, and the yield of CH4 is 5.5 times larger in H2 than in N2 at same pressure.

The flash hydropyrolysis of Zalannoer brown coal of Inner Mongolia was carried out in an experimental entrained reactor. The effect of temper ature and pressure on the yield of products was investigated at a temperature from 500℃ to 900℃ and a hydrogen pressure up to 6.0 MPa. The results indicated that the yield of benzene increased with temperature and pressure while a maximum yield existed between 700℃ and 800℃ for toluene, xylene, phenol, cresol and xylenol. A maximium yield of hydrocarbon liquid of 6.62% was obtained at 800℃ and 6.0MPa.

The localized adsorption on zeolites is assumed and a heterogeneous statistical model for multicomponent adsorption equilibria of the substituted aromatic mixtures on zeolites under saturation conditions is developed. The model can be used to correlate the equilibrium data of binary adsorption systems and predict directly multicomponent adsorption equilibria from binary data. The new model has been tested on the systems of toluene-xylene/KY (150℃) and chlorobenzene-chlorotoluene-toluene/CaX(230℃). The proposed model is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data from the literature, and is better than the homogeneous models published recently.

A formula for the calculation of local composition is derived from Guggenheims quasi-chemical equation. A thermodynamic model based on this formula,which is called the Quasi-Chemical Local Composition model (QCLC), is proposed. The group contribution treatment is introduced into this model and the group interaction parameters for alkane, aromatics, ketone, alcohol and water are obtained by fitting the vapour-liquid equilibrium data of binary systems. A comparison of the predictions with experimental results for ternary systems indicates that the model is better than UNIFAC.

In order to increase the production rate of drawing process and improve tne uniformity of diameter, a new closed loop control strategy is suggested. By using the eigenfunctions of a distributed parameter systemvia Karhunen-Loeve approach, a simple and valid P control law is constructed. This control method is independent of system mathematical model and the set point can be automatically generated. This article gives another way of black-box control for a distributed parameter system.

The evaporation by decomposition of NH4NO3 microdroplet has been investigated under atmospheric pressure and temperature. During the experiments, a single microdroplet with an initial radius of 5-30 μm. was suspended in an electrodynamic balance and the change of its light-scattering intensity with time at a scattering angle of 34.5°-68.4° was measured by a 512 element linear photodiode array. The microdroplet size was determined by comparing the experimental data with Mie theory. The change of the microdroplet size in the process of evaporation by decomposition was thus determined precisely. A diffusion controlled surface reaction model based on the experimental data was proposed to describe this process. The process of evaporation by decomposition of NH4NO3 microdroplets can be described as follows: when a single microdroplet was suspended in an electrodynamic balance, moisture first evaporated with the decomposition of NH4NO3. As a result, a microdroplet of metastable pure NH4NO3 was obtained. Since it was thermodynamically unstable, the microdroplet would change into a solid crystal, after having experienced further evaporation.

Gas-liquid flow-induced vibration in heat exchangers was studied experimentally with a working substance R12 at a pressure(10-14) × 105Pa. The amplitudes of flow-induced vibrations of heat exchanger tube parallel to and perpendicular to the flow in one-phase and in two-phase were measured. The effects of pressure, gas holdup, mass flux, etc. on flow-induced vibration were shown in detail.

Theoretical analysis of the determination of local transfer coefficients and liquid velocity in a liquid flow system by an electrochemical method without using the supporting electrolyte is conducted and some quantitative relationships are given. The results have been verified by experiments in aqueous solution of K3Fe(CN)6 and K4Fe(CN)6 at a flow rate of 0.3-1.7m/s in a tube of 20mm internal diameter.

An experimental investigation for heat transfer and flow friction characteristics of annular grooved tube bundles under six different shell support conditions is reported in this paper. A comparative evaluation based on the experimental results is carried out by means of Webbs performance evaluation criteria. It is concluded that it would be best to select support structure with the least flow friction at the shell side of annular grooved tube bundles.