Theoretical analysis of separation process for enriching nitrogen from air using hollow fiber membranes showed the effects of various operation parameters and membrane performance on separation results. By varying the operation conditions, nitrogen-rich gases with concentrations of 85-99.6% (vol. )were obtained, while the recovery wasbetween 78-23%. A counter-current plug model and ;) mixing plug model were verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. Both models can satisfy the needs of industrial simulation and design calculation.

Based on the two-dimensional, fixed-number mixing-pool model proposed previously by the author, a new mathematical model, designated as three-dimensional nonequilibrium mixing-pool model, for simulating an industrial distillation process is presented in this paper. The basic mathematical description of the model is given and the calculated result for a propylene-propane frac-tionation tower shows good agreement with the plant data. The proposed model is believed to have broad prospects in applying to large diameter industrial distillation columns.

This paper presents the theoretical models of fuzzy pattern recognition and fuzzy clustering analysis. The weighting vector of indexes is introduced into the models to enable them to match actual situations and have to be applied to studies chemical engineering. A case study is given.

A cubic equation of state for systems containing salts is presented by adding Debye-Huckel electrostatic contribution to the Patel-Teja equation of state. The equation of state is used to correlate osmotic coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solutions. The correlated results are in good agreement with experimental data.

The effect of solvent properties on molecular configuration and rheological behavior of ionic and non-ionic dilute polymer solutions was studied. Different inorganic salt was added to polyacrylamide (Separan AP30) aqueous solution. Thd molecular expansion factor, intrinsic viscosity were measured and calculated at various salt content, ionic valence and pH value of the solution. For non-ionic polymer, polyisobutylene was dissolved in different organic solvents. The molecular expansion factor decreased and the Maxwell relaxation time increased with increasing solvent viscosity. It It was shown that the designed rheological behavior of dilute polymer solution could be obtained via the method of changing the properties of solvent.

The core-shell composite polymer emulsion of poly (ethyl acrylate)/polystyrene was prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization with emulsified monomer. The cover areas of a sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate molecule adsorbed on latex particles of PEA and PS were measured respectively. The quantitative relationship between the emulsifier supplement and the polymerized monomer and proper monomer feeding rate were determined during seeded polymerization. The stable composite polymer emulsions with various component ratio were successfully prepared. The composite tatex particles in the system are of the inversed core-shell structure.

Fractal theory has been introduced into heterogeneous reaction systems to describe the reaction of solid particles with fluid, and a fractal reaction model in two dimensions is proposed for irregular particles. Based on the characterization of irregular particle shape, the reaction time which are determined and controlled by fluid film diffusion, ash diffusion and chemical reaction are theoretically analyzed. A pseudosteady-state equation of material balance and its solution as the concentration profile of reacting fluid are given for the shrinking-core model for irregular particles with constant radii. Meanwhile, some parameters related to reaction time complete reaction time, relative reaction time and the amount of reacting fluid per unit time, are also expressed with fractal dimension and shape coefficient. The results indicate that the higher the fractal dimension, the higher the total reaction rate, and the shape coefficient also influences the reaction time.

The interaction between gas and particles under different flow regimes, ranging from minimum fluidization to pneumatic transportation, was investigated in a vertical gas-solid flow system. It is found that the drag coefficients could be used to account for the energy exchange in the two-phase flow system. Two diagrams of the drag coefficient at different operating conditions are also obtained. The results of this work show that the heterogeneity of the gas-solid flow (e. g., the bubbling and particle clustering phenomena)could be considered as. the results of an optimal arrangement in which the interaction between gas and particles approaches minimum.

The hydrodynamics of three-phase distillation has been investigated with Water-kerosene and water-paraffin oil as the two immiscible liquids and air as the third phase. Experimental studies were carried out on flow-guide and conventional sieve trays in a 600 × 150mm rectangular simulator. The relationships were established of liquid hold-up, entrainment rate and pressure drop

In this paper the properties of fluid flow and heat transfer in the shell and tube sides of macroscopically rough tube bundles with longitudinal flow have been analysed. The differences in momentum and heat transport of turbulent flow between macroscopically rough surface and smooth surface are discussed. Correlation equations of fluid friction factor and heat transfer coefficient in rough tubes and within rough tube bundles are derived, and the data of heat transfer and flow resistance of turbulent flow in spirally fluted, spirally finned and contracted-expanded tube bundles are correlated satisfactorily with these equations.

The experimental results show that there is a higher heat transfer intensity of the thermal interaction between droplets and hot surface heated over the transition temperature of Leidenfrost Phenomena. The transition temperature is very important in the research of Leidenfrost Phenomena. The values of transition temperatures, LFT and TSF, based on the experiments are given and the TSF is first proposed in this paper. A dimensionless equation predicting the LFT and TSF of pure liquid droplet impinging on hot metal surface is also proposed. The influences of the parameters which are concerned in the field of chemical engineering, such as initial temperature, components and concentration of liquid droplet, on the transition temperature of Leidenfrost Phenomena were studied. In our experiments, various combinations of liquid-solid surfaec were used, for example, pure liquid, solution, suspension, emulsion and complex component liquid versus stainless steel, copper, porcelain and so on.

On the basis of characteristics of Al(III)and proteins in aqueous solutions, the demulsification effect and operating conditions during extraction of penicillin G from the filtrate of fermentation broth with aluminium sulfate as demulsifier have been studied. If aluminium sulfate was premixed with the filtrate for 30 seconds with pH>4.5 before extraction and then kept at pH> 3.0, the demulsification ability of 0.1-0.3% (wt/v) aluminium sulfate was as good as that of alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides with the pH strictly controlled at the required value. The quality of penicillin G product with ala-minum sulfate as demulsifier was also found to be good.

A differential thermal analyzer system able to work at 1500K(maximum) under 3.0 MPa in different gas atmosphere was built up and used to investigate the reaction kinetics of pressurized gasification of four typical coal or coal samples of different ranks by CO2 or steam. The results show that: 1 ) gasification of coal/char increases with the decrease of coal rank; 2 ) the influence of gasification pressure on reactivity can be expressed by for CO2 and for steam. A general model describing the reaction kinetics of pressurized gasification of coal/char by CO2 or steam was obtained as follows Compared with thermogravimetric analysis, this technique yields more accurate results.

The equilibrium data or CO-CO2, CO-N2 on active carbon-supported copper were predicted by the potential-theory model proposed by R. T. Yang et al. and tested against experimental data with satisfactory result, especially for CO-CO2 system, which show an azeotropic behavior. The prediction requires only experimental equilibrium data of single gas adsorption on the adsorbent, which are correlated by Dubinin-Astakhov equation. In contrast with the potential theory model, Flory-Huggins vacancy solution theory model and loading ratio correlation equation failed to predict the adsorption of CO-CO2 on active carbon-supported copper, because the adsorption of CO on the adsorbent was attributed to the formation of complex between CO and copper supported on active carbon.

α-type copper phthalocyanine pigment containing some substituted copper phthalocyanine was synthesized. Its crystalline phase stability was studied using IR spectra, XRD and ESM. Its tinctorial power, specific surface and anti-flocculation were measured. The results show that α-type copper phthalocya-nine pigment containing some RRNO2S-and Br-substituted and some polymerized copper phthalocyanine in aromatic hydrocarbons can inhibit the change in crystalline phase and is resistant to floeculation.

For the purpose of precisely correlating the data of vapor-liquid equilibria, the present paper proposes a new model named Pseudo-Component Model. Thirty eight sets of isothermal binary systems were chosen to test the model. The findings are as follows: 1. Under a moderate pressure, isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria of binary systems can be correlated by Pseudo-Component Model, with its correlation precision much better than that of UNIQUAC. 2. Pseudo-Component Model car, be applied to various non-ideal systems, especially it can describe the compositions and pressures of azeotropes rather precisely.

The effect of irreversible adsorption of cyclohexane, ethylbenzene, ortho-xylene and n-octane on diffusion in ZSM-5 molecular sieve was investigated by gravimetric method. For the above system, the ratios of diffusivities between two cases of with and without irreversible adsorption are: cyclohexane: 3.6(348K), ethylbenzene: 4.8(398K), 1.6(423K), ortho-xylene: 2.6(423K), n-octane: 12.3(398K). It shows that the diffusivity is increased by irreversible adsorption. This effect can be explained by the covering of the strong adsorptive sites with irreversible adsorbates, which decreases diffusional resistance and increases diffusivity.

In this paper, the recovery of gold(Ⅲ)from electroplating wastewater with surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide by foam fractionation is discussed. The adsorption equilibrium equation was estimated by flow method. The effects on the efficiency of separation of various operating parameters, such as feed concentration, gas to feed ratio, reflux, feed rate and pH of the feed were studied. Consequently, the optimal operating condition of the system was Obtained.