The solid-liquid equilibria of adduct-forming systems were predicted by chemical-physical models based on the work of Stoicos and Eckert. The equilibrium adductive constants in the models were measured by gas chromatogra-phy for six binary systems of tetrachloromethane/p-xylene, tetrachloromethane/pseudocumene, phenol/aniline, meta-methylphenol/aniline, ortho-methyl-phenol/aniline, ortho-chlorophenol/aniline. The physical interactions in the models were described by ideal solution theory, regular solution theory and UNIFAC model. The comparisons of the predicted results with the phase diagrams in the literatures show that this approach is indeed excellent.

The falling-body viscometer was structurally improved and used in thedetermination of liquid viscosities of 294 points for four pure substances, tetra-hydrofuran, acetone, methyl-cyanide and aniline, and three binary mixtures, benzene + cyclohexane, 1-propanol + n-heptane, and n-butanol + n-heptane, under pressure from 0.1 to 29.5 MPa in the temperature range from 298. 15 to 348. 15K (±0.05K). A correlation equation of liquid viscosity with density under high pressure was proposed. The equation was used to correlate the viscosity data of 1049 points of 34 substances of various types in a pressure range from 0.1 to 500MPa and at a maximum temperature variation of 170K. The overall average relative deviation was 2.64%, much lower than 29.33% of the Dymond correlation.

Condensation heat transfer and two-phase flow in the annular region inside helical tubes were analyzed. The effect of circumferential shear resulted from secondary flow was considered and a physical model of heat transfer was established. Heat transfer coefficients and two-phase flow pressure drops during steam condensation inside helical tubes in the regimes controlled or mainly controlled by shear were measured experimentally. The heat transfer coefficients calculated from the physical model were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) is an extractant with wide applications. Through the investigation of the typical extractant systems by FT-IR and photon correlation spectroscopy and measurements of the composition and water content in the extracted organic phase, the results showed that iron (Ⅲ) was extracted mainly in unhydrated form. The extraction of iron(Ⅲ) with HDEHP was through the formation of reverse micelle in the organic phase. HDEHP in an inert solvent was in dimer form H2A2 and it probably would be converted to monomer form during extraction. The stripping of iron(Ⅲ) in the organic phase with high concentration sulfuric acid was through a process of destruction of the reverse micelle formed during ex-traction.

A study on two-phase How characteristics was carried out in two structured packed extraction columns of 40mm, 100mm in diameter with 30%TBP (inkerosene)/acetic acid/water and n-butanol/succinic acid/water as testing systems. Correlation of all experimental data gave the following flow equation for structured-packed extraction column: for 30% TBP(in kerosene)/acetic acid/water system, c =0.508, n =0.26 for n- butanol/succinic acid/water system, c =0.717, n =0.53

A study on mass transfer performance was carried out in structured-packed extraction columns of 40mm, 100mm in diameter with 30% TBP(in kerosene)/ acetic acid/water and n-butanol/succinic acid/water as testing systems. The parameters of mass transfer and axial mixing were simultaneously estimated from a diffusion model by fitting the measured concentration profiles under steady state with optimization method.

The mixing of two phases and the influence of drop size on mass transfer were studied in a spray column with pneumatic nozzle. A mass transfer model including the effects of backmixing and drop size distribution ot the dispersed phase was established. The equations of the model were solved by the steady-state concentration profile method. The backmixing numbers (Peclet Numbers) of two phases and the true mass transfer coefficients of the drops were obtained. The equations can be used to calculate the concentration profile in a spray column with pneumatic nozzles of different structure and size.

A large system of sparse linear and nonlinear algebraic equations is the typical form of mathematical models of process design and steady state process simulation. Successive substitution is an efficient solution strategy for this type ot models in that the equations can be nonlinear and an output is available at any step of calculation. Besides, it needs less storage space and shorter CPU time. However, the design variables(if the number of variables is larger than that of equations), iteration variables, output set and the substitution sequence must be first determined before iteration begins. A simple and convenient method of rearranging the occurrence matrix of the system is proposed in the paper. After rearrangement, the iteration variables are firsty determined, and subsequently the output set and design variables are determined, so that a feasibie solution routine of the system ot equations is established.

In this paper, a new expression for the Helmholtz energy of mixtures containing electrolytes as a function of temperature, density and composition is presented on the basis of perturbation theory. The new expression consists of hard sphere, electrostatic force and attraction contributions to the Helmholtz energy. For pure molecular components, the parameters are obtained by fitting experimental pure component vapor pressure, saturated-liquid density and PVT data. The ion-ion interaction parameters are determined from regression of mean ionic activity coefficient data.The solubility data for gas-water-salt systems are correlated by using only one adjustable parameter. Average absolute deviations of calculated bubble point pressures are less than 15% for most systems studied. The results are satisfactory.

The so-called group solubility parameters based on the cell theory of solution were proposed. The parameters were applied to the estimation of vaporization enthalpy (ΔH°v,298) of organic compounds, The results showed that the accuracy of estimated ΔH°v.298 with the present method was better than those with the previous group contribution methods. Especially, the present method was applied successfully to the estimation of ΔH°v,298 for the organic compounds with more than one functional group.

Radial temperature profiles and heat transfer coefficients were measured for the turbulent flow of air in a smooth pipe and repeated-rib pipes with 0.01

A two-dimension numerical model is proposed to describe the heat andmass transfer in a fixed bed of solid adsorbent for adsorptive refrigeration. The fixed bed of dimensions 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.082m3, has internal heat transfer fins 0.075m high and 0.001m thick, 0.49m long, and fin to fin distance 0.03m. In this model the following assumptions are made: the heterogeneous solid adsorbent is treated as equivalent continuous medium ;convective heat transfer in vapour phase is neglected; the pressure is considered as the same at every point inside the fixed bed; and the resistance to heat transfer from fins to solid adsorbent is also taken into account. A set of partial differential equations, based on mass conservation and energy conservation are built up. The equations are solved by using finite difference methods of purely implicit schema. Furthermore, an experiment was conducted to validate the model. In the experiment, 13kg activated carbon was used as adsorbent and methanol as adsorbate. It was found that the experimental results were in agreement with the calculations.

The separation of dispersions in emulsions by passing through a coalescing fibrous bed has many advantages over other types ot separation methods in its simplicity and efficiency. A thermodynamic term, the difference in the work of wetting, which characterizes the difference in fiber wettability by the continuous and dispersed phases is presented in this paper. It can be used as an important criterion for the correct selection of fibre media to obtain a high degree of coalesence. Furthermore, several kinds ot commercial fibres were investigated for treating oil in water emulsions. It was found that polypropylenc fiber had an excellent coalescence efficiency.

A new model for membrane mass transfer process has been developed by taking into account various facets of solute transfer mechanism. The outer resistances, inner resistances of emulsion globules and membrane leakage were considered in improving the well-known Advancing Front Model. The values of parameter ko and Bm were obtained by fitting experimental data with Powell optimal estimation. The experimental results confirmed the applicability and flexibility of the proposed model.

In this paper, a study on the intrinsic kinetics of steam gasification made in a tubular reactor with the char prepared from Jincheng anthracite coal is reported. The reaction temperature is from 850 to 1100℃. There is a maximum rate of gasification at xc = 0.2.The relationship of dxc/dt vs xc and temperature under atmospheric pressure is as follow: The relationship of dxc/dt vs pH2O in the range of pressure from 0.1 to 1.5 MPa at 950 ℃ is

An improved model for liquid membrane mass transfer has been developed. This model takes into account both the diffusion resistance of the membrane phase in non-steady state and the diffusion resistance of the external phase boundary film and the membrane leakage. An approximate analytical solution of non-linear equations was obtained by using pertubation method. This model was examined with the experiments in which molybdenum was extracted by batch liquid membrane method. The results showed that when the concentration of the external phase was higher, the diffusion resistance of the external phase boundary film could be neglected. otherwise, the resistance should be taken into ccount. In particular, the factor ot membrane leakage had greater influence on the later stage of the reaction. The modeling computation agreed well with experimental data.

There is uncertainty in kinetic modeling by the traditional methods. In this paper, the uncertainty of the traditional methods is examined by using numerical analysis, sensitivety analysis of the parameters and operating variables, as well as experimental investigation of a reacting system. The physical and mathematical causes of the uncertainty are discussed. Regression Along Process Route Approach (RAPRA) is proposed. Test examples show that RAPRA models give more satisfactory simulation results than those developed by the traditional methods.

The vaporization of microlayer is an important mechanism in boiling heat transfer. By increasing microlayer vaporization boiling heat transfer could be enhanced. A new method based on the above mechanism is proposed, i. e., to eject an inert gas into the bulk liquid, to enhance boiling heat transfer outside a tube. The experiments showed that the heat transfer coefficient could be improved remarkably with this method.