Straight-run naphthas of Yumen, Kramayi, Central Szechuan (60-130℃), and Fushuan hydrogenated shale oil (60-120℃) were platformed separately for aromatics in an isothermal reactorcontaining 80 ml. catalyst. The catalyst used in this study was developed at the Research Institute of Petroleum Science, Ministry of Petroleum Industry. Data are presented to show platforming conditions, material balance and product distributions. Aromatic yields on weight basis were 38.5% (Yumen), 31.8% (Kramayi), 46.6% (Central Szechuan) and 32.2% (Fushun) respectively. Byproduct hydrogen yield was 1.7-2.2% (weight basis), liquid yield was 90-94% (weight basis). During 2170 hours catalyst life test, the aromatic yield decreased from 38.8% to 35.4% 80-180℃ straight-run Yumen and Kramayi gasolines for octane improvement were preliminarily investigated. At a yield of 90% (weight basis), debutanized reformed gasoline had a clear octane number of 72 (motor method). The octane number of the feed stock was 44 (motor method).

Design data for high purity toluene recovery from platformate by extractive distillation with phenol, were obtained by a pilot plant study. The extractive distillalations column, 200mm in diameter, possessed 44 bubble cap plates and had a Capacity o?processing 250 kilograms of feed per day. The platformate was first prefractionated to 70-117℃, which contained 0.8% benzene and 48% toluene by weight. The heart cut was then used as the feed for the extractive distillation. The recommended operating conditions were as follows: phenol/feed ratio, 4; reflux ratio, 4-5; feed temperature, 120℃; phenol inlet temperature, 130℃. The actual plates of rectifying, stripping and phenol recovery section were 19, 20 and 5 respectively. The recovery of nitration grade toluene from the feed was 97-98%. When losses in prefractionation, acid washing and redistillation were included, the net recovery of toluene from the platformate was 93%. The result of this study gave the data for designing of full scale production plants.

In order to lower the consumption of acid and alkali and to simplify the process for refining low temperature coal tar fractions, the phenolate extraction process was studied. In this work the influences of the concentrations of NaOH solutions and that of the contents of phenols in the coal tar fractions on the effectiveness of extraction, the quantity of NaOH required during countercurrent extraction, the quantity of water required to dilute the saturatedphenolate solutions there by obtained for the separation of the dissolved phenols, and the physico-chemical properties of the refined oils and that of the crude phenols were studied. The experimental results have shown that, in the phenolate extraction process only 10-15 kg of NaOH is required to extract 100 kg phenols from the coal tar fractions. The quantity of NaOH is much less than that required in the ordinary alkali extraction process, where 40-45 kg. of NaOH is required to extract 100 kg phenols. The refined oil can be used as diesel fuel without further refining. The phenols of higher b. p. and of lower b. p. can be separated by dilution of the extracts. It was also observed that an accompanied effect of lowering the S and N contents of the fractions appears significant. The results of engine tests of the refined oil in diesel engines of 1200 and 2500 r. p. m. have shown that the quality of the oil is satisfactory.

A brief study on the effect of addition of cumene hydroperoxide (II, CHP, in text) without or with simultaneous addition of an alkaline additive (sodium carbonate or calcium oxide) on the reduction of the induction period in the autoxidation of cumene (I) showed that the heterogeniety inherent in the latter systems resulted in poor reproducibility. Sodiumsalt of cumene hydroperoxide (III) was introduced as an oilsoluble system in which the initiator and the alkaline additive are in combination. Experiments with various amounts of III at 110° 120°and 130°that the induction period and the autocatalysis were either completely or practically eliminated. The reproducibility of the experiments accompanying the use of III was extremely good. The rate of accumulation of II was 16±0.7% (wt.)/hr. at. 130° at 120° the rate was 8.7%/hr. except when the amount of III was 3.33% (7.3%/hr.); at 110° the rate varies more pronouncedly with the amount of III (3.0-5.0%/hr.). Oxygen-absorption in a closed system was observed in order to examine more closely the phenomena of the elimination of the induction period. It was found that a rapid absorption of oxygen took place in the first minutes, followed by a somewhat slower absorption. Kharaschs conceptions on the alkaline catalyzed decomposition of II and the subsequent, reactions between the resulting dimethylphenylcarbinol and II, yielding free radicals, were considered to be adequate in explaining the instantaneous initiation of the reaction chain. Water of crystallization in II facilitates the ionic reaction. Addition of solid sodium hydroxide also caused a rapid initial oxygen absorption, only that a very brief induction period was observed. This is thought to follow the same course of reaction as outlined above, with traces of II in I participating. The efficiency of the autoxidation of I with respect to II-accumulation when III was used was found to be 92-97%. The use of cobalt stearate in promoting the rate of autoxidation of I was investigated. At 110°, addition of the cobalt-salt indeed increased the initial rate of accumulation of II (11.5-12.5%/hr.), yet the same mechanism that induced the reaction chain and subsequently brought about the faster rate of reaction prevented the accumulation of II (25%) to a higher degree. The destruction of II by cobalt ions was evidenced by the fact that, with the highest concentration of cobalt-salt used, there was actually no accumulation of II.at the beginning of the reaction. Addition of II together with cobalt-salt did not further promote the reaction. It is concluded that traces of II in I was sufficient to be responsible for the chain-initiation processes. The lower accumulation of II with use of cobalt-salt was remedied by simultaneously adding III. The result was that the rate of accumulation of II at 110°?corresponded to that at 130?with addition of II or III alone. The degree of accumulation of II was also high (40%).