冷链装备制冷剂相关温室气体减排研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221644

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为推进冷链装备的可持续发展与节能减排，针对冷链中的加工装备、运输装备、销售装备和冷冻冷藏装备等，结合制冷剂的充注量、泄漏率与回收率，对所用制冷剂的发展历程进行了综述，分析并总结了制冷剂替换方案对相关温室气体减排的影响。结果表明，自然制冷剂、HCs和HFOs在冷链装备中应用前景广阔，三类制冷剂替代方案的实施可分别取得5%、20%和10%左右的节能减排效果。在制冷剂充注、泄漏和回收等方面，既有研究还存在机理不明晰、效果待验证等多处研究空白，研发高效环保制冷剂并完善冷链装备制冷剂回收体系已成为目前重点研究方向。

关键词: 冷链装备, 制冷剂, 节能减排, 替代方案, 发展建议

Abstract:

To promote sustainable development and energy saving and emission reduction of cold chain equipment, based on freezing equipment, refrigerating equipment, refrigeration transportation equipment, refrigeration sales equipment, and domestic refrigerator, combined with the refrigerant charge volume, leakage rate, and recovery rate, the development history of refrigerants was summarized, and the influence of refrigerant replacement on related greenhouse gas emissions was summed up. The results show that natural refrigerants, HCs, and HFOs have broad application prospects in cold chain equipment. The implementation of the three types of refrigerant alternatives can achieve about 5%, 20%, and 10% improvement in energy saving and emission reduction, respectively. In terms of refrigerant charging, leakage and recovery, there are still many gaps in existing research, such as unclear mechanisms and unverified effects. Research and development of efficient and environmentally friendly refrigerants and improvement of refrigerant recovery systems of cold chain equipment have become the focus of current research.

Key words: cold chain equipment, refrigerant, energy conservation and emissions reduction, alternative solution, development suggestion

中图分类号:

TB 64

高润淼, 宋孟杰, 高恩元, 张龙, 张旋, 邵苛苛, 甄泽康, 江正勇. 冷链装备制冷剂相关温室气体减排研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 1-7.

Runmiao GAO, Mengjie SONG, Enyuan GAO, Long ZHANG, Xuan ZHANG, Keke SHAO, Zekang ZHEN, Zhengyong JIANG. Review on greenhouse gas reduction related to refrigerants in cold chain[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 1-7.

图/表 4

图1 冷加工装备中不同制冷剂对环境的影响

Fig.1 Influence of different refrigerants used in freezing equipment on the environment

图2 冷藏船中不同制冷系统下CO2间接排放量

Fig.2 Indirect CO2 emissions from different refrigeration systems in refrigerated ships

表1 冷链行业制冷剂替代研究结果与发展建议汇总

Table 1 Summary of research results and development suggestions on refrigerant substitution in cold chain industry

行业	传统制冷剂	替代制冷剂			发展建议
行业	传统制冷剂	HFOs	HCs	自然制冷剂	发展建议
冷加工装备	R134a	R1234yf(17%)	R290/R1270/R600a(27.5%/26.3%/1.2%)	R744(3.9%)	HCs制冷剂
冷冻冷藏装备	R404A	R448A(11%)	—	R717(—)	CO₂制冷系统
冷藏运输装备	R404A	R1234yf/R1234ze(—)	R290(16%)	R744(—)	余热、余冷利用
冷藏销售装备	R404A/R134a	—	R290/R600a(5%/20%)	R744(—)	CO₂制冷系统

图3 不同制冷系统中制冷剂的充注量比

Fig.3 Charge ratio of refrigerant in different refrigeration systems

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