废弃制冷剂降解方法研究现状及思考

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201566

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

部分人工合成制冷剂由于存在环保问题，目前正按照环保公约进行淘汰。淘汰后的废弃制冷剂需要进行降解销毁，我国是目前国际上主要的制冷剂生产和消费国，因此面临着巨大的废弃制冷剂销毁压力。总结归纳了废弃制冷剂目前主要的降解方法，包括焚烧热解法、等离子法、催化分解法等技术路线的研究进展，并对未来可能的发展方向进行思考与讨论。

关键词: 废弃制冷剂, 热解, 催化, 光催化, 催化剂

Abstract:

Some refrigerants have begun to be replaced due to their strong greenhouse effects. The waste refrigerants should be degraded. China is the main producer and consumer of refrigerants, so there will be a huge demand for destruction of waste refrigerants in the coming decades. This paper presents a review of the main destruction technology for waste refrigerant destruction, including the summary and analysis for the combustion method, plasma method, and catalysis method. Further research trends of waste refrigerant destruction are also discussed in this paper.

Key words: waste refrigerant, pyrolysis, catalysis, photocatalysis, catalyst

中图分类号:

TK 123

戴晓业, 安青松, 许云婷, 史琳. 废弃制冷剂降解方法研究现状及思考[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 1-6.

DAI Xiaoye, AN Qingsong, XU Yunting, SHI Lin. Review of waste refrigerant destruction methods[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 1-6.

图/表 3

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国别	设施数量	使用的技术	销毁能力/(t/a)
美国	11	回转窑法/等离子体法/固定炉单元等	318
捷克	1	回转窑法	40
芬兰	1	回转窑法	545
德国	7	焚烧法、反应炉裂解法、多孔反应堆法	1600
匈牙利	5	回转窑法、液体喷射焚烧法	88
英国	2	高温焚烧法	—
日本	80	水泥窑/弃物焚烧法/液体喷射焚烧法、微波等离子体法、气相催化脱卤法、过热蒸汽反应堆法、固相碱性反应堆法	2636

国别	设施数量	使用的技术	销毁能力/(t/a)
美国	11	回转窑法/等离子体法/固定炉单元等	318
捷克	1	回转窑法	40
芬兰	1	回转窑法	545
德国	7	焚烧法、反应炉裂解法、多孔反应堆法	1600
匈牙利	5	回转窑法、液体喷射焚烧法	88
英国	2	高温焚烧法	—
日本	80	水泥窑/弃物焚烧法/液体喷射焚烧法、微波等离子体法、气相催化脱卤法、过热蒸汽反应堆法、固相碱性反应堆法	2636

文献	时间	催化剂	反应物	产物	反应温度/℃	最高转化率/%
[19]	2015	湿润浸渍法制备的系列Pd/AlF₃	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	300	79.5
[20]	2018	溶胶-凝胶法合成的介孔纳米氟化铝	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	280	57
[21]	2019	Cr₂O₃纳米颗粒	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	500	—
[22]	2018	氟化NiO/Cr₂O₃	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	450	89
[22]	2018	Cr₂O₃	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	450	68
[23]	2015	NiAlF	HFC134	FEP（氟化乙烯）	430	20.1
[24]	2017	Cr₂O₃	HFC-245eb	HFO-1234y	350	80.1

文献	时间	催化剂	反应物	产物	反应温度/℃	最高转化率/%
[19]	2015	湿润浸渍法制备的系列Pd/AlF₃	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	300	79.5
[20]	2018	溶胶-凝胶法合成的介孔纳米氟化铝	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	280	57
[21]	2019	Cr₂O₃纳米颗粒	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	500	—
[22]	2018	氟化NiO/Cr₂O₃	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	450	89
[22]	2018	Cr₂O₃	HFC-245fa	HFO-1234ze	450	68
[23]	2015	NiAlF	HFC134	FEP（氟化乙烯）	430	20.1
[24]	2017	Cr₂O₃	HFC-245eb	HFO-1234y	350	80.1

文献	时间	反应物	产物	催化剂	条件	结论
[29]	2006	CFC-11	CHCl₂F和Cl^-	TiO₂悬浊液	常温	转化率29%
[30]	2005	CFC-12	CO₂, HF, Cl₂等	无	常温	CFC吸收波长200～260 nm
[30]	2005	CFC-12	CO₂, HF, Cl₂等	TiO₂颗粒	常温	吸收波长范围扩大至365～366 nm, 404～408 nm, 577～579 nm
[31]	1998	HFC-152a	CH₃CF₂O, O₂等	无	185 nm光	可直接发生分解
				TiO₂颗粒	254 nm光	分解率与无催化剂185 nm光解相同
				TiO₂颗粒	185 nm光	分解率约为无催化剂185 nm光解速率2倍
[32]	2014	部分HFCs	—	Bi₂O₃	常温	Bi₂O₃光催化效率比直接光解效率高