负载跟踪状态下的铝空气电池堆最优功率点优化方法

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230485

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于铝空气电池堆二阶等效电路，建立内阻特性和电气输出特性模型，研究操作条件对活化内阻、欧姆内阻、浓差内阻和电堆总内阻的影响作用和变化规律；以电堆输出满足任意负载需求为前提，以总内阻最小为优化目标，基于“最优功率点”概念，提出一种基于粒子群算法的操作条件优化方法，获得最优工作温度、电解液浓度和输出电压等，实现电堆输出性能优化；通过仿真研究和实验研究，验证模型、方法的有效性和可靠性。研究结果表明：在负载跟踪状态下，电堆工作在最优功率点处其堆内总内阻最小；操作条件对电堆输出性能的影响作用和变化规律，在交流阻抗特性和U-I输出特性中的表现具有一致性；该优化方法能够提高电堆输出性能，减少堆内能量损耗。

关键词: 铝空气电池, 操作条件, 性能优化, 内阻特性, 数学建模

Abstract:

Based on the second-order equivalent circuit of aluminum-air battery stack, the models of internal resistance and electrical output characteristics was established, and the effects and variation rules of operating conditions on activation internal resistance, ohmic internal resistance, concentration internal resistance and total internal resistance of stack was studied. On the premise that the output of the stack meets the demand of any load, taking the minimum total internal resistance as the optimization objective, and based on the concept of “optimal power point”, an optimization method of operating conditions based on particle swarm optimization were proposed. The optimal working temperature, electrolyte concentration and output voltage are obtained, and the output performance of the stack is optimized. Through simulation research and experimental research, the validity and reliability of the model and method are verified. The results show that under the condition of load tracking, the total internal resistance of the stack is the lowest at the optimal power point, and the effect and variation law of operating conditions on the output performance of stack are consistent in AC impedance characteristics and U-I output characteristics. The optimization method can improve the output performance of the stack and reduce the energy loss in the stack.

Key words: aluminum-air battery, operating conditions, performance optimization, internal resistance characteristic, mathematical modeling

中图分类号:

TM 911.41

陈国泽, 卫东, 郭倩, 向志平. 负载跟踪状态下的铝空气电池堆最优功率点优化方法[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3533-3542.

Guoze CHEN, Dong WEI, Qian GUO, Zhiping XIANG. Optimal power point optimization method for aluminum-air batteries under load tracking condition[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3533-3542.

图/表 11

参考文献 30

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参数	数值	参数	数值	参数	数值
T	293~343 K	δ	100 μm	n	4
c	3~8 mol·L^-1	S	210 cm²	p	0.21 atm
U	17.6~37.4 V	N	22	a	0.8
i	0~0.3 A·cm^-2	L	1 cm	R_elect	0.6 Ω·cm²
P_load	200~1000 W	α	0.15	E_ocv	39.8~40.7 V

参数	数值	参数	数值	参数	数值
T	293~343 K	δ	100 μm	n	4
c	3~8 mol·L^-1	S	210 cm²	p	0.21 atm
U	17.6~37.4 V	N	22	a	0.8
i	0~0.3 A·cm^-2	L	1 cm	R_elect	0.6 Ω·cm²
P_load	200~1000 W	α	0.15	E_ocv	39.8~40.7 V

P/W	i/(A·cm^-2)	U/V	T/K	c/(mol·L^-1)	R_f/(Ω·cm²)	R_m/(Ω·cm²)	R_d/(Ω·cm²)	R_cells/(Ω·cm²)
200~300	0.026~0.040	35.8~36.6	327~330	7.1~7.2	85.49~120.87	34.33~34.36	2.75~3.44	123.24~157.96
300~400	0.040~0.054	35.0~35.8	330~332	7.0~7.1	66.18~85.49	34.36~34.43	3.44~4.31	104.93~123.24
400~500	0.054~0.070	34.2~35.0	332~336	6.8~7.0	53.88~66.18	34.43~34.59	4.31~5.39	93.85~104.93
500~600	0.070~0.086	33.2~34.2	336~337	6.6~6.8	45.22~53.88	34.59~34.86	5.39~6.69	86.77~93.85
600~700	0.086~0.104	32.2~33.2	337~335	6.4~6.6	38.72~45.22	34.86~35.34	6.69~8.24	82.29~86.77
700~800	0.104~0.124	30.8~32.2	333~335	6.1~6.4	33.57~38.72	35.34~36.19	8.24~10.05	79.81~82.29
800~900	0.124~0.148	29.0~30.8	329~333	5.8~6.1	29.26~33.57	36.19~37.74	10.05~12.28	79.28~79.81
900~1000	0.148~0.199	23.9~29.0	322~329	5.3~5.8	23.79~29.26	37.74~42.47	12.28~17.98	79.28~84.24

P/W	i/(A·cm^-2)	U/V	T/K	c/(mol·L^-1)	R_f/(Ω·cm²)	R_m/(Ω·cm²)	R_d/(Ω·cm²)	R_cells/(Ω·cm²)
200~300	0.026~0.040	35.8~36.6	327~330	7.1~7.2	85.49~120.87	34.33~34.36	2.75~3.44	123.24~157.96
300~400	0.040~0.054	35.0~35.8	330~332	7.0~7.1	66.18~85.49	34.36~34.43	3.44~4.31	104.93~123.24
400~500	0.054~0.070	34.2~35.0	332~336	6.8~7.0	53.88~66.18	34.43~34.59	4.31~5.39	93.85~104.93
500~600	0.070~0.086	33.2~34.2	336~337	6.6~6.8	45.22~53.88	34.59~34.86	5.39~6.69	86.77~93.85
600~700	0.086~0.104	32.2~33.2	337~335	6.4~6.6	38.72~45.22	34.86~35.34	6.69~8.24	82.29~86.77
700~800	0.104~0.124	30.8~32.2	333~335	6.1~6.4	33.57~38.72	35.34~36.19	8.24~10.05	79.81~82.29
800~900	0.124~0.148	29.0~30.8	329~333	5.8~6.1	29.26~33.57	36.19~37.74	10.05~12.28	79.28~79.81
900~1000	0.148~0.199	23.9~29.0	322~329	5.3~5.8	23.79~29.26	37.74~42.47	12.28~17.98	79.28~84.24

电堆参数	数值	电堆参数	数值	电堆参数	数值	电堆参数	数值
额定功率	1 kW	电压范围	17.6~37.4 V	电池片数	22	铝合金	Al-6061
额定电压	23.9 V	电流范围	0~48 A	总体积	40 cm×25 cm×20 cm	电极间距	1 cm
额定电流	41.8 A	空气压力	0.1 MPa	单片反应面积	14 cm×15 cm = 210 cm²	扩散层厚度	100 μm