基于直流内阻和交流阻抗特性的铝空气电池输出特性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201528

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于二阶RC等效电路模型与工作机理，建立铝空气电池直流内阻特性模型、交流阻抗特性模型和U-I输出特性模型，研究操作条件变化对电池工作性能的影响。通过研究电池在不同操作条件、不同电流密度工作下的直流内阻特性曲线、电化学阻抗谱图以及U-I输出特性曲线的变化规律，分析操作条件变化对电池总内阻与输出性能的影响规律。仿真和实验结果表明，模型具有较高的准确性；操作条件对电池交流阻抗特性与U-I输出特性有明显的影响作用；不同操作条件下电池的交流阻抗谱图和U-I输出特性曲线具有对应的变化规律和量化关系，通过研究操作条件对这两者的影响作用，可为后续操作条件优化、电池输出性能提升奠定基础。

关键词: 数学建模, 操作条件, 活化, 传质, 电化学阻抗谱, 仿真, 特性曲线

Abstract:

Based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit and internal working mechanism, the direct current (DC) internal resistance model, alternating current (AC) impedance characteristic model and U-I output characteristic model of aluminum-air battery were established to study the influence of operating conditions on the performance of the battery. By studying the variation of DC internal resistance characteristic curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and U-I output characteristic curve under different operating conditions and current density, the influence of operating conditions on the total internal resistance and output performance of battery was analyzed. The simulation and experimental results show that the model has high accuracy; the operating conditions have obvious influence on the AC impedance characteristics and U-I output characteristics of the battery; the AC impedance map and U-I output characteristic curve of the battery under different operating conditions have corresponding changes and quantitative relationships. Through the study of the influence of operating conditions on these two characteristics, the subsequent operating conditions can be optimized, which lays the foundation for the improvement of battery output performance.

Key words: mathematical modeling, operating conditions, activation, mass transfer, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, simulation, characteristic curve

中图分类号:

TM 911.41

梁旭鸣, 沈永超, 卫东, 郭倩, 高志. 基于直流内阻和交流阻抗特性的铝空气电池输出特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(8): 4361-4370.

Xuming LIANG, Yongchao SHEN, Dong WEI, Qian GUO, Zhi GAO. Analysis of output characteristics of aluminum-air battery based on DC internal resistance and AC impedance characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(8): 4361-4370.

图/表 10

图1 二阶RC等效电路模型

Fig.1 Second order RC equivalent circuit model

图2 不同电流密度下活化内阻变化规律

Fig.2 Variation of activation internal resistance under different current density

表1 模型仿真参数

Table 1 Model simulation parameters

参数	取值	参数	取值	参数	取值
α	0.015	S	1 cm²	c	1~5 mol/L
T₀	293 K	L	1 cm	n	4
δ	20 μm	F	96487 C/mol	$ε$	0.5
T	293~333 K	R	8.314 J/(K·mol)	D₀	2.2×10^-9 m²/s

表1 模型仿真参数

Table 1 Model simulation parameters

参数	取值	参数	取值	参数	取值
α	0.015	S	1 cm²	c	1~5 mol/L
T₀	293 K	L	1 cm	n	4
δ	20 μm	F	96487 C/mol	$ε$	0.5
T	293~333 K	R	8.314 J/(K·mol)	D₀	2.2×10^-9 m²/s

图3 不同电流密度下欧姆内阻变化规律

Fig.3 Variation of ohmic internal resistance under different current density

图4 不同电流密度下浓差内阻变化规律

Fig.4 Variation of internal resistance of concentration difference under different current density

图5 不同电流密度下总内阻变化规律

Fig.5 Variation of total internal resistance under different current density

图6 不同操作条件下的阻抗谱图（i=30mA/cm2）

Fig.6 Impedance spectra under different operating conditions（i=30mA/cm2）

图7 不同操作条件下的阻抗谱图（i=150 mA/cm2）

Fig.7 Impedance spectra under different operating conditions（i=150 mA/cm2）

图8 不同操作条件下的阻抗谱图（i=250 mA/cm2）

Fig.8 Impedance spectra under different operating conditions（i=250 mA/cm2）

图9 不同操作条件下U-I特性输出曲线

Fig.9 U-I characteristic output curves under different operating conditions

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