高密度碳氢燃料JP-10流动换热及热裂解结焦实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240227

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于再生冷却技术研究背景，在热通量100~2000 kW/m²、常压~6 MPa条件下，于Ф4 mm×1 mm高温合金钢圆管内开展了高密度吸热型碳氢燃料JP-10的流动换热特性和热裂解结焦特性实验研究。研究表明，压力2 MPa下，1204.6 kW/m²是煤油发生偏离核态沸腾的临界热通量。亚/超临界压力下JP-10部分流动换热区域可划分如下：入口效应区、强制对流换热区、（拟）过冷沸腾区、（拟）饱和沸腾区等。流体温度是主导燃料结焦的主要因素。压力2、4、6 MPa下，燃料结焦起始点流体温度分别为679、652、643℃。壁面温度在高结焦反应发生后对结焦量产生同步影响。压力升高，燃料管内结焦加剧，高温燃料在管道内停留时间增加是主要原因。

关键词: 再生冷却, 碳氢燃料, 流动换热, 结焦, 停留时间

Abstract:

Based on the background of development in regenerative cooling technology, the flow heat transfer characteristics and thermal cracking coking characteristics of high-density endothermic hydrocarbon fuel JP-10 were experimentally studied in a Φ4 mm×1 mm high-temperature alloy steel round tube under the conditions of heat flux density of 100—2000 kW/m² and normal pressure to 6 MPa. The results of the experiments indicate that under 2 MPa pressure, 1204.6 kW/m² is the critical heat flux density for the deterioration of kerosene heat transfer. The experiments have delineated the heat transfer regions of kerosene under subcritical/supercritical pressures: entrance region, forced convection heat transfer region, (pseudo) subcooling boiling region, (pseudo) saturated boiling region, etc. It was observed that fluid temperature primarily governs fuel coking, with the onset of coking occurring at 679℃, 652℃, and 643℃ under pressures of 2,4, and 6 MPa, respectively. The wall temperature synchronously affects coking quantity after high coking reactions occur. The main reason is that the coking in the fuel pipe intensifies with the increase in pressure, and the residence time of the high-temperature fuel in the pipeline increases.

Key words: regenerative cooling, hydrocarbon fuel, flow heat transfer, coking, residence time

中图分类号:

TQ 021.3

黄晓峰, 刘朝晖, 杨帆. 高密度碳氢燃料JP-10流动换热及热裂解结焦实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(8): 2917-2928.

Xiaofeng HUANG, Zhaohui LIU, Fan YANG. Experimental investigation of high-density hydrocarbon fuel JP-10 on flow heat transfer and pyrolysis characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(8): 2917-2928.

图/表 16

图1 再生冷却系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the regeneration cooling system

表1 碳氢燃料JP-10基本参数［32-33］

Table 1 The basic parameters of hydrocarbon fuel JP-10［32-33］

密度/(g/cm³)	闪点/K	临界压力/MPa	临界温度/K	体积热值/(MJ/L)
0.94	327.2	3.733	698	39.6

图2 煤油流动换热及高温结焦实验系统示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the experimental system for flow heat transfer and high temperature coking of kerosene

图3 实验段热电偶分布

Fig.3 The experimental section dimensions and thermocouple distribution

表2 流动换热及结焦实验参数

Table 2 Experimental parameters of flow heat transfer and coking

质量流量/(g/s)	压力/ MPa	入口温度/℃	出口温度/℃	热通量/(kW/m²)	长度/ mm	实验类型
2.97	2	25	—	100～2000	380	流动换热（变热通量）
2.97	6	25	—	100～1000	380	流动换热（变热通量）
2.97	2/4/6	—	750	500	1080	高温结焦（恒热通量）
2.97	2/4/6	—	750	1000	580	高温结焦（恒热通量）
2.97	2/4/6	—	750	1500	580	高温结焦（恒热通量）
2.97	2/4/6	—	750	2000	380	高温结焦（恒热通量）

表3 测量及推导参数的综合不确定度

Table 3 The combined uncertainty of the measured and derived parameters

参教	单位	不确定度
压力p	MPa	0.22%
加热功率P	kW	1.44%
质量流量m	g/s	0.12%
外壁温T_wo	℃	1.2℃
中心流体温度T_b	℃	1.5℃，T_b<300℃；0.52%，T_b>300℃
热沉HS	kJ/kg	2.35%
传热系数h	kW/(m²·K)	6.41%
结焦质量m_c	mg	5.14%
焦层厚度δ	µm	6.51%

图4 沿实验段轴向距离内壁温分布趋势

Fig.4 Inner wall temperature distribution along the axial distance

图5 内壁温随流体温度的变化

Fig.5 Variation of inner wall temperature with fluid temperature

图6 传热系数变化规律

Fig.6 Variation of heat transfer coefficient

图7 亚临界压力下测温点11处换热特性随热通量变化

Fig.7 Variation of heat transfer characteristics with heat flux density at 11 temperature measurement points along the cross-sectional area under subcritical pressure

图8 超临界压力下测温点11处换热特性随热通量变化

Fig.8 Variation of heat transfer characteristics with heat flux density at 11 temperature measurement points along the cross-sectional area under supercritical pressure

图9 不同压力下传热特性对比

Fig.9 Comparison of heat transfer characteristics at different pressures

图10 结焦量随流体温度分布

Fig.10 Distribution of coke deposition amount with fluid temperature

图11 结焦量受温度综合影响比较

Fig.11 Comparison of coke deposition amount influenced by temperature

图12 不同压力、温度下结焦量对比

Fig.12 Variation of coke deposition amount with different temperature and pressures

图13 不同压力和测温点下燃料停留时间

Fig.13 Residence time of fuel under different pressures and temperature measuring point

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