储能电池直冷热管理系统的模拟实验

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241306

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能电池在能量存储领域的广泛应用要求高效的热管理系统确保其安全与性能。冷媒直冷技术因其优良的均温性和高效能，在电池热管理领域受到关注。系统通过直冷板流道中的制冷剂两相汽化过程实现电池组的高效温控和温度均匀性控制。实验结果显示，在环境温度25℃下，系统在500 W热载荷、40 Hz压缩机频率的标准工况下，冷板表面温度均匀，最大温差控制在0.4℃以内。同时，冷板间温度差异小，平均温度极差仅为0.28℃，系统温度均匀性良好。通过优化压缩机频率等运行参数可进一步提升系统性能。研究结果可为储能电池热管理系统的优化设计提供参考。

关键词: 储能电池热管理, 直冷系统, 两相流, 传热, 温度均匀性, 压缩机, 性能系数

Abstract:

Extensive application of energy storage batteries in the field of energy storage demands efficient thermal management systems to ensure their safety and performance. Due to its excellent temperature uniformity and high efficiency, direct cooling technology has attracted attention in the field of battery thermal management. This experimental system utilizes the two-phase vaporization process of refrigerant in the cold plate channels to achieve efficient temperature control and uniformity for the battery pack. The experimental results show that under an ambient temperature of 25℃, with a 500 W heat load and a compressor frequency of 40 Hz, the surface temperature of the cold plates remains uniform, with a maximum temperature difference controlled within 0.4℃. Additionally, the temperature variation between the cold plates is minimal, with an average temperature difference of only 0.28℃, indicating good system temperature uniformity. Pressure drop analysis reveals that the pressure loss between the cold plate inlets and outlets ranges from 4.99 kPa to 21.52 kPa. By optimizing compressor frequency and other operating parameters, system performance can be further enhanced. The study provides valuable insights for the optimized design of thermal management systems for energy storage batteries.

Key words: storage battery thermal management, direct cooling system, two-phase flow, heat transfer, temperature uniformity, compressor, coefficient of performance

中图分类号:

TB 61⁺1

孔俊龙, 毕扬, 赵耀, 代彦军. 储能电池直冷热管理系统的模拟实验[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 289-296.

Junlong KONG, Yang BI, Yao ZHAO, Yanjun DAI. Simulation experiment on direct cooling thermal management system for energy storage batteries[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 289-296.

图/表 8

图1 储能电池直冷热管理系统原理及关键部件示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram and key components of direct cooling thermal management system for storage energy battery

表1 实验台架重要部件参数

Table 1 Parameters of important components of experimental bench

设备	类型	特性参数
压缩机	涡旋变频压缩机	排量14.1 ml/r，转速1000~7200 r/min
储液器	R134a适用	容积0.5 L
板式换热器	铜钎焊板式换热器	冷媒-冷媒换热，单片换热面积0.01 m²，片数22
电子膨胀阀	永磁型直动式步进电机	阀口通径1.65 mm，开度调节范围0~500
模拟热源	硅橡胶加热垫	单块最大加热功率1000 W，数量4
功率调节器	单相接触式	输入电压220 V，输出电压0~250 V，输出电流4 A
空冷器	翅片换热器	尺寸760 mm×500 mm×22 mm，管排数1，管间距25 mm，管外径9.52 mm，翅片类型波纹片

表2 测试仪器与对应参数

Table 2 Parameters of test instrumentation

参数	测量仪表	量程	精度
直冷板温度/℃	K型热电偶	-200~260	± 0.5%
制冷剂温度/℃	Pt100热电阻	-50~200	± 0.5℃
环境温度/℃	Pt100热电阻	-50~200	± 0.5℃
低压侧压力/MPa	MIK-P300	-0.1~2.5	± 0.5%
高压侧压力/MPa	MIK-P300	-0.1~10.0	± 0.5%
压缩机功率/W	DDSU666	0~99999	± 1.0%

图2 冷板温度测点布置示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of cold plate temperature measuring points layout

图3 500 W、40 Hz工况下系统中冷板的最大温差和测点温度分布

Fig.3 Maximum temperature difference of cold plates and temperature distribution of measuring points under 500 W, 40 Hz

图4 500 W、40 Hz工况下各直冷板表面平均温度与温差

Fig.4 Average temperature and temperature difference of each cold plates under 500 W, 40 Hz

图5 500 W、40 Hz工况下各直冷板进出口压力损失和蒸发温度

Fig.5 Pressure loss at inlet and outlet and evaporation temperature of each cold plates under 500 W, 40 Hz

图6 500 W低热载荷下不同压缩机频率对应的冷板温度和系统COP及压缩机压缩比

Fig. 6 Cold plate temperature, system COP and compressor compression ratio corresponding to different compressor frequencies under low heat load of 500 W

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