基于外场扰动的固液相变储能主动强化换热技术

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241037

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (4): 1432-1446.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20241037

基于外场扰动的固液相变储能主动强化换热技术

翟祥瑞¹(), 张伟¹(), 张倩倩¹, 曲玖哲², 杨绪飞¹, 邓雅军¹, 宇波³

^1.北京石油化工学院，深水油气管线关键技术与装备北京市重点实验室，北京 102617
^2.华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206
^3.长江大学石油工程学院，湖北武汉 430100

收稿日期:2024-09-14 修回日期:2024-12-02 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-05-12
通讯作者: 张伟
作者简介:翟祥瑞（2000—），男，硕士研究生，z13562791001@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0500401);国家自然科学基金项目(52076015);北京市自然科学基金项目(3232024)

Active heat transfer enhancement technology for solid-liquid phase change energy storage based on external field disturbance

Xiangrui ZHAI¹(), Wei ZHANG¹(), Qianqian ZHANG¹, Jiuzhe QU², Xufei YANG¹, Yajun DENG¹, Bo YU³

^1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Pipeline Critical Technology and Equipment for Deepwater Oil & Gas Development, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
^2.School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
^3.School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China

Received:2024-09-14 Revised:2024-12-02 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-12
Contact: Wei ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变储能技术在促进波动性可再生能源消纳以及利用峰谷价差实现低成本供能等领域具有广阔的应用前景。由于大多数固液相变材料热导率低且相变储能系统中对流效应弱等因素，导致相变储能系统储热/释热速率慢，发展高效固液相变换热强化技术已成为该领域的研究热点。现有研究大多通过相变材料热物性调控、换热结构优化等被动式方法来强化固液相变换热，而基于外场扰动的固液相变换热主动强化技术相关研究较少。为此，系统综述了国内外基于外部磁场、电场、声场以及多场耦合等条件下固液相变主动强化换热技术研究的最新进展，分析了外场主动强化固液相变换热的原理、关键控制参数以及应用前景等，为发展基于外场扰动的固液相变主动强化换热技术提供了良好的科学借鉴和工程指引。

关键词: 储能, 相变, 传热, 整体优化, 外场扰动, 主动强化

Abstract:

Phase change energy storage technology has broad application prospects in fields such as promoting the consumption of volatile renewable energy and achieving low-cost energy supply by utilizing the peak-valley price difference. Due to the low thermal conductivity of most solid-liquid phase change materials and the weak convection effect in phase change energy storage systems, the heat storage/release rates of phase change energy storage systems are slow. Therefore, the development of highly efficient solid-liquid phase change heat transfer enhancement technologies has become a research hotspot in this field. Most of the existing studies enhance solid-liquid phase change heat transfer through passive methods such as the regulation of the thermophysical properties of phase change materials and the optimization of heat exchange structures, while there are relatively few studies on active solid-liquid phase change heat transfer enhancement technologies based on external field disturbances. For this reason, this paper systematically reviews the latest progress in the research on active heat transfer enhancement technologies for solid-liquid phase change under the conditions of external magnetic fields, electric fields, acoustic fields, and multi-field coupling at home and abroad, analyzes the principles, key control parameters, and application prospects of active enhancement of solid-liquid phase change heat transfer by external fields, and provides a good scientific reference and engineering guidance for the development of active heat transfer enhancement technologies for solid-liquid phase change based on external field disturbances.

Key words: energy storage, phase change, heat transfer, global optimization, external field disturbance, active enhancement

中图分类号:

TK 124

翟祥瑞, 张伟, 张倩倩, 曲玖哲, 杨绪飞, 邓雅军, 宇波. 基于外场扰动的固液相变储能主动强化换热技术[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(4): 1432-1446.

Xiangrui ZHAI, Wei ZHANG, Qianqian ZHANG, Jiuzhe QU, Xufei YANG, Yajun DENG, Bo YU. Active heat transfer enhancement technology for solid-liquid phase change energy storage based on external field disturbance[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(4): 1432-1446.

图/表 14

图1 储热系统的分类

Fig.1 The classification of thermal energy storage system

图2 相变材料的分类

Fig.2 The classification of PCMs

图3 磁场强化相变储热器传热速率实验装置[46]

Fig.3 Experimental apparatus for the heat transfer rate of a magnetic field enhanced phase change thermal energy storage heater[46]

图4 磁场转速对平均温度(a)和相变材料液相率(b)的影响[47]

Fig.4 The effects of magnetic field rotation speed on average temperature (a) and the liquid fraction (b) of phase change materials[47]

图5 基于EHD的椭圆管内熔化示意图[58]

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of melting in an elliptical tube based on electrohydrodynamics (EHD)[58]

图6 不同电Rayleigh数下在Fourier数= 2.0时的电荷密度、温度场和液体分数的瞬态分布（热Rayleigh数= 10000，AR = 3/4）[58]

Fig.6 Transient distributions of charge density, temperature field, and liquid fraction at Fourier number = 2.0 under different electric Rayleigh numbers(thermal Rayleigh number =10000, AR=3/4)[58]

图7 超声波场增强传热示意图[61]

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of ultrasonic field-enhanced heat transfer[61]

图8 熔化过程中平均温度和平均流速的变化（M1、M2、M3为超声振动面位置，RM表示无超声振动）[64]

Fig.8 Changes in average temperature and average flow rate during the melting process (M1,M2,M3 represent the positions of the ultrasonic vibration surfaces, RM represents the condition without ultrasonic vibration)[64]

图9 LHTESS装置中气泡驱动流效果的概念图[67]

Fig.9 Conceptual diagram of the bubble-driven flow effect in a latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTESS) device[67]

图10 实验装置示意图[68]

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus[68]

图11 MHPA-ITS的工作原理：(a)MHPA的传热示意图；(b)充热模型；(c)放热模型[70]

Fig.11 Working principles of MHPA-ITS: (a) heat transfer schematic of MHPA; (b) charging model; (c) discharging model[70]

图12 超声波与磁场实验系统示意图[71]

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of an experimental system combining ultrasonics and magnetic fields[71]

图13 磁场与超声场耦合作用对材料传热与储能性能的影响：熔化时间、储能容量和储能效率[71]

Fig.13 The impact of the coupling effect of magnetic fields and ultrasonic fields on the heat transfer and energy storage performance of materials: melting time, energy storage capacity, and energy storage efficiency[71]

图14 不同外部场作用下储能电池的峰值功率密度(a)和峰值功率密度增长量(b) [72]

Fig.14 Peak power density (a) and increase in peak power density (b) of energy storage batteries under the influence of different external fields[72]

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基于外场扰动的固液相变储能主动强化换热技术

Active heat transfer enhancement technology for solid-liquid phase change energy storage based on external field disturbance

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