大容量储能电池产热行为特性及容量衰减研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250076

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大容量储能电池凭借其高能量密度的优势，已成为当前新型储能系统和新能源电动汽车发展的重要方向之一。本研究围绕大容量储能电池的产热行为特性及其容量衰减机制，采用实验测试方法探讨了在不同充放电条件下，电池的热行为与性能衰减之间的关系。实验结果显示，不同的工作条件(如温度、倍率等)对电池的产热行为有着显著影响。高倍率1.0C放电致使电池的最大温升达21.64℃，而低倍率0.25C放电温升仅为3.5℃，此外多点温度监控结果证实大尺寸电池的温度分布明显不均匀，负极附近温升高于其他区域；在容量衰减方面也呈现出与温度的强相关性，在45℃高温环境中，电池连续100次充放电循环测试其容量衰减速率是25℃的2.26倍。本研究有望为大尺寸/容量储能电池安全性和电池管理系统设计提供指导和依据。

关键词: 储能电池, 产热特性, 容量衰减, 工况条件

Abstract:

Large capacity storage battery with its advantages of high energy density has become the new type of energy storage systems, and one of the important development direction of new energy electric vehicles. This study focuses on the heat generation behavior characteristics and capacity attenuation mechanism of large-capacity energy storage batteries. The experimental test method is used to explore the relationship between the thermal behavior and performance decay of the battery under different charging and discharging conditions. The experimental results show that different working conditions (such as temperature, multiplication rate, etc.) have significant impact on the heat generation behavior of the battery. The maximum temperature rise of the battery was 21.64℃ for the high-rate 1.0C discharge, and only 3.5℃ for the low-rate 0.25C discharge. In addition, the multi-point temperature monitoring results showed that the temperature distribution of the large-size battery was obviously not uniform, and the temperature rise near the negative electrode was higher than that in other areas. In the high temperature environment of 45℃, the capacity decay rate of the battery is 2.26 times that of 25℃ after 100 consecutive charge and discharge cycles. Through this experimental study, it is expected to provide guidance for the safety of large size/capacity energy storage batteries and the design of battery management system.

Key words: energy storage battery, heat generation characteristics, capacity degradation, operating conditions

中图分类号:

TM 912

刘辉, 王佳, 赵晶, 李传常, 吕又付. 大容量储能电池产热行为特性及容量衰减研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(9): 4903-4912.

Hui LIU, Jia WANG, Jing ZHAO, Chuanchang LI, Youfu LYU. Research on heat generation behavior and capacity attenuation of large capacity energy storage battery[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(9): 4903-4912.

图/表 12

表1 280 Ah储能电池的主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of 280 Ah energy storage battery

参数名称	规格
额定容量/Ah	280
电池质量/kg	5.34
标称电压/V	3.2
充电截止电压/V	3.65
放电截止电压/V	2.0
电池尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)	173×71×204

图1 电池表面温度测点分布示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of temperature measurement points on battery surface

图2 电池内阻和熵热系数随SOC的变化规律

Fig.2 Variation of battery internal resistance and entropic heat coefficient with SOC

图3 不同倍率下电池中心温升和热通量及表面温度分布

Fig.3 Temperature rise, heat flux and surface temperature distribution of cell at different power rates

图4 不同充放电倍率下电池表面各点温升曲线

Fig.4 Temperature rise curve of each point on the battery surface under different charge and discharge rate

图5 不同放电倍率的充放电温升和温升速率变化曲线

Fig.5 Temperature rise and temperature rise rate curves of charge and discharge at different discharge rate

图6 电池充放电温升随环境温度变化曲线

Fig.6 Curves of battery charging and discharging temperature rise with ambient temperature change

图7 放电倍率、环境温度及位置对电池热通量的影响

Fig.7 Effects of discharge rate, ambient temperature and location on battery heat flux density

图8 不同环境温度下电池容量保持率

Fig.8 Battery capacity retention rate in different ambient temperatures

图9 电池的直流内阻、欧姆内阻和极化内阻随循环次数变化曲线

Fig.9 The DC internal resistance, ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance of the battery change curve with the number of cycles

图10 电池容量增量曲线随环境温度演变规律

Fig.10 Evolution of battery capacity increment curve with ambient temperature

图11 电池容量增量曲线峰的面积随环境温度演变规律

Fig.11 Evolution of area of battery capacity increment curve peak with ambient temperature

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