高原环境适应性试验室模拟平台新风系统仿真

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250111

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高原环境舱作为一种能够模拟高原条件的特殊设备，在特种设备测试领域具有重要作用，它能够在地面常规条件下提供高原低压、低温等极端运行环境，从而实现在地面常规条件下开展高原测试实验。基于天津市某汽车后勤装备动力设备高原环境模拟平台，对该平台的各个部分进行分析和合理简化后建立数学模型，并在Matlab/Simulink开展仿真研究。结果表明，该高原环境模拟平台的设备选型符合设定的环境试验要求，实现了环境试验舱的绿色高效设计。此外，通过研究PID控制器来研究该环境试验舱的控制逻辑，揭示了温度、湿度和压强之间的相互影响。温度对湿度的调控具有显著的影响，在降温时，当室外环境温度较高时，降温过程中湿度达到平衡所需的时间会相对较短，温度为-20℃时，平衡时间最短，仅需771 s。

关键词: 高原环境仓, 新风系统, Simulink仿真, 数学模型, PID控制

Abstract:

As a special equipment capable of simulating plateau conditions, the plateau environmental chamber plays a vital role in the field of special equipment testing. It can be used to provide extreme operating environments such as low pressure and low temperature of the plateau under normal ground conditions, thereby enabling the conduct of plateau testing experiments under normal ground conditions. Based on a plateau environmental simulation platform for automotive logistics equipment power equipment in Tianjin, this paper analyzes and reasonably simplifies each part of the platform to establish a mathematical model and conduct simulation research in Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the equipment selection of this plateau environmental simulation platform meets the set environmental test requirements, realizing the green and efficient design of the environmental test chamber. In addition, by studying the PID controller, the control logic of the environmental test chamber is explored, revealing the mutual influence between temperature, humidity, as well as the pressure.

Key words: plateau environmental chamber, fresh air system, Simulink simulation, mathematical model, PID control

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

李卫, 陈浩, 柯钢, 黄孝胜, 李成娇, 郭航, 叶芳. 高原环境适应性试验室模拟平台新风系统仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 360-369.

Wei LI, Hao CHEN, Gang KE, Xiaosheng HUANG, Chengjiao LI, Hang GUO, Fang YE. Simulation of the fresh air system in the simulation platform of the high-altitude environmental adaptability laboratory[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 360-369.

图/表 21

图1 温度控制系统Simulink建模

Fig.1 Simulink modeling of temperature control system

图2 换热器微元示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of a heat exchanger micro-element

图3 换热器的Simulink模型图

Fig.3 Simulink model diagram of heat exchanger

图4 压强的Simulink模型图

Fig.4 Simulink model diagram of pressure

图5 湿度的Simulink模型图

Fig.5 Simulink model diagram of humidity

图6 温度、湿度、气压控制系统耦合建模图

Fig.6 Coupled modeling diagram for temperature, humidity, and pressure control system

表1 物理参数

Table 1 Physical parameters

序号	参数	数值
1	空气密度/(kg/m³)	1.2
2	舱内体积/m³	196.664
3	空气比热容/(kJ/(kg·K))	1.003
4	铜管比热容/(kJ/(kg·K))	0.45
5	新风流量/(m³/s)	4000/3600
6	换热面积/m²	567
7	围护结构墙壁厚度/m	0.15
8	热导率/(W/(m·K))	0.031
9	真空泵抽气速率/(m³/s)	14900/3600

表2 从10℃升温至45℃时的温度平衡时间

Table 2 Temperature equilibrium time when heating from 10℃ to 45℃

室外温度/℃	初始温度/℃	目标温度/℃	平衡时间/s
-20	10	45	1088
-10	10	45	1072
0	10	45	1064
10	10	45	1040
20	10	45	1024
30	10	45	1008

图7 升温时环境温度与平衡时间的关系

Fig.7 The relationship between ambient temperature and equilibrium time during heating

表3 初始温度10℃降至-45℃的温度平衡时间

Table 3 Temperature equilibrium time from initial temperature of 10℃ to -45℃

室外温度/℃	初始温度/℃	目标温度/℃	平衡时间/s
-20	10	-45	1248
-10	10	-45	1176
0	10	-45	1136
10	10	-45	1112
20	10	-45	1120
30	10	-45	1152

图8 10℃降至-45℃时环境温度与平衡时间的关系

Fig.8 The relationship between ambient temperature and equilibrium time when cooling from 10℃ to -45℃

表4 初始温度15℃降至-45℃的温度平衡时间

Table 4 Temperature equilibrium time from initial temperature of 15℃ to -45℃

室外温度/℃	初始温度/℃	目标温度/℃	平衡时间/s
5	15	-45	1232
10	15	-45	1216
15	15	-45	1208
20	15	-45	1216
25	15	-45	1224

表5 初始温度0℃降至-45℃的温度平衡时间

Table 5 Temperature equilibrium time for initial temperature from 0℃ to -45℃

室外温度/℃	目标温度/℃	平衡时间/s
-10	-45	1232
-5	-45	1216
0	-45	1208
5	-45	1216
10	-45	1224

表6 降压的6个工况及平衡时间

Table 6 Six operating conditions and equilibrium time for voltage reduction

工况	初始压强/Pa	目标压强/Pa	平衡时间/s
1	101325	90000	690
2	101325	80000	665
3	101325	70000	632
4	101325	60000	582
5	101325	50000	488
6	101325	47000	436

图9 压强平衡时间与目标压强的关系

Fig.9 The relationship between pressure equilibrium time and target pressure

表7 升温时室外温度与湿度平衡时间的关系

Table 7 Relationship between outdoor temperature and humidity equilibrium time during temperature rise

室外温度/℃	初始湿度	目标湿度	湿度平衡时间/s
-20	0.15	0.95	771
-10	0.15	0.95	818
0	0.15	0.95	876
10	0.15	0.95	951
20	0.15	0.95	1047
30	0.15	0.95	1149

图10 升温时环境温度与湿度平衡时间的关系

Fig.10 The relationship between ambient temperature and humidity equilibrium time during heating

表8 降温时室外温度与湿度平衡时间的关系

Table 8 Relationship between outdoor temperature and humidity equilibrium time during cooling

室外温度/℃	初始湿度	目标湿度	湿度平衡时间/s
-20	0.15	0.95	231
-10	0.15	0.95	211
0	0.15	0.95	195
10	0.15	0.95	183
20	0.15	0.95	172
30	0.15	0.95	163

图11 降温时室外温度与湿度平衡时间的关系

Fig.11 The relationship between outdoor temperature and humidity equilibrium time during cooling

表9 目标压强与湿度平衡时间的关系

Table 9 Relationship between target pressure and humidity equilibrium time

目标压强/Pa	初始湿度	目标湿度	平衡时间/s
90000	0.15	0.95	313
80000	0.15	0.95	360
70000	0.15	0.95	427
60000	0.15	0.95	532
50000	0.15	0.95	747
47000	0.15	0.95	876

图12 目标压强与湿度平衡时间的关系

Fig.12 The relationship between target pressure and humidity equilibrium time

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