超滤膜电渗析技术的应用、挑战及展望

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251337

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超滤膜电渗析（EDUF）是基于超滤膜和电渗析分离技术，将孔径筛分和电荷筛分相结合，从而实现溶液中荷电物质与荷电物质、荷电物质与非荷电物质的高效分离与浓缩。目前，该技术在制药、食品、化工和环境等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文旨在阐述EDUF技术的分离原理与发展历程，全面综述其在生物制药、中药制药、食品和废水处理等领域的应用进展，并深入探讨EDUF在面向复杂物系分离中的挑战，展望未来在材料改性、过程优化及多技术耦合等方面的发展趋势，以推动EDUF的工业化应用。

关键词: 超滤膜, 电渗析, 荷电有机物, 分离, 选择性, 应用进展

Abstract:

The electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes (EDUF) is based on ultrafiltration membrane and electrodialysis separation technology, leveraging both pore size sieving and electric exclusion to efficiently separate concentrate charged and no charged substances in solution. Currently, this technology shows widely application prospects in the fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, chemicals, and the environment. This article aims to elucidate the fundamental principles and developmental history of EDUF technology, providing a comprehensive review of its applications in biopharmaceuticals, traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing, food processing, and wastewater treatment, and conduct an in-depth analysis of the challenges associated with EDUF in the separation of complex systems. Furthermore, the development trends with material modification, process optimization, and integration with complementary technologies were also discussed, which promotes the industrial application of EDUF.

Key words: ultrafiltration membrane, electrodialysis, charged organic compounds, separation, selectivity, application progress

中图分类号:

TQ 028

刘珊珊, 马溪溪, 杨蔚, 何金凤, 孙黎, 徐婷婷, 李传润, 颜海洋. 超滤膜电渗析技术的应用、挑战及展望[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251337.

Shanshan LIU, Xixi MA, Wei YANG, Jinfeng HE, Li SUN, Tingting XU, Chuanrun LI, Haiyang YAN. Application, challenges, and prospects of electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes technology[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251337.

图/表 7

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来源	UFM参数	操作条件	分离性能	文献
乳清	有效膜面积：10 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：CA	(1) pH=5、9，U=5.5 V (2) pH=5、7、9，U=6 V	迁移率：7.8~11.9 g/m²·h β-lg 142-148的回收率可达10.8%	^[40]
乳清	有效膜面积：10、40 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=5，E=2.7、5.5、11.0 V/cm	迁移率：3.1~11.23 g/m²·h 回收率：30%~50%	^[42]
乳清	有效膜面积：10 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=5，U=5.5 V，Q_feed=100~250 mL/min	迁移率：3.1 g/m²·h	^[43]
乳清	有效膜面积：35 cm² MWCO：30、100 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=4.8、6、8，i=3~20 A/m²	/	^[44]
乳清	有效膜面积：15.6 cm² MWCO：5 kDa 膜材料: 聚乙烯醇	E=38.5、77 V/cm	迁移率：0.4~1.9 g/m²·h	^[45]
牛血红蛋白	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：纤维素酯	pH=7，U=8 V	迁移率：1.99~5.06 g/m²·h	^[46]
牛血清白蛋白和溶菌酶	有效膜面积：35 cm² MWCO：30 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=10，I=150 mA	/	^[47]
蛋清溶菌酶	有效膜面积：51 cm² MWCO：100 kDa 膜材料：PVDF	pH=5，U=3、5、8 V，Q_feed =20~65 ml/min	迁移率：0.07~0.32 g/m²·h 回收率：21.4%~32.2%	^[48]
蛋清溶菌酶	有效膜面积：51 cm² MWCO：100 kDa 膜材料：PVDF	pH=5~5.5，U=5 V	迁移率：0.21 g/m²·h 回收率：21.1%	^[49]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料: PES	pH=3、6、9，U=18 V	迁移率：1.32~7.13 g/m²·h 回收率：1.2%~9.1%	^[50]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES、CA	pH=9，E=2 V/cm	迁移率：2.29~2.62 g/m²·h 回收率：1.5%~10.2%	^[51]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20、50 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=9，E=2、14 V/cm	迁移率：0.43~5.40 g/m²·h 回收率：9.7%~43.1%	^[52]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=9，E=0.9、1.8、2.7、3.6 V/cm	回收率：0.76%~9.3%	^[53]
鲑鱼	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、6、9，E=14 V/cm	/	^[54]
鲑鱼	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：5、20、50 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=6，E=6 V/cm	迁移率：0.01~3.19 g/m²·h 回收率：0.15%~9.2%	^[55]
鲑鱼	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：50 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=6，E=6 V/cm	/	^[56]
鲱鱼	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：50 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=7，U=14 V	迁移率：4.7~5.2 g/m²·h	^[57]

来源	UFM参数	操作条件	分离性能	文献
乳清	有效膜面积：10 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：CA	(1) pH=5、9，U=5.5 V (2) pH=5、7、9，U=6 V	迁移率：7.8~11.9 g/m²·h β-lg 142-148的回收率可达10.8%	^[40]
乳清	有效膜面积：10、40 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=5，E=2.7、5.5、11.0 V/cm	迁移率：3.1~11.23 g/m²·h 回收率：30%~50%	^[42]
乳清	有效膜面积：10 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=5，U=5.5 V，Q_feed=100~250 mL/min	迁移率：3.1 g/m²·h	^[43]
乳清	有效膜面积：35 cm² MWCO：30、100 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=4.8、6、8，i=3~20 A/m²	/	^[44]
乳清	有效膜面积：15.6 cm² MWCO：5 kDa 膜材料: 聚乙烯醇	E=38.5、77 V/cm	迁移率：0.4~1.9 g/m²·h	^[45]
牛血红蛋白	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：纤维素酯	pH=7，U=8 V	迁移率：1.99~5.06 g/m²·h	^[46]
牛血清白蛋白和溶菌酶	有效膜面积：35 cm² MWCO：30 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=10，I=150 mA	/	^[47]
蛋清溶菌酶	有效膜面积：51 cm² MWCO：100 kDa 膜材料：PVDF	pH=5，U=3、5、8 V，Q_feed =20~65 ml/min	迁移率：0.07~0.32 g/m²·h 回收率：21.4%~32.2%	^[48]
蛋清溶菌酶	有效膜面积：51 cm² MWCO：100 kDa 膜材料：PVDF	pH=5~5.5，U=5 V	迁移率：0.21 g/m²·h 回收率：21.1%	^[49]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料: PES	pH=3、6、9，U=18 V	迁移率：1.32~7.13 g/m²·h 回收率：1.2%~9.1%	^[50]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES、CA	pH=9，E=2 V/cm	迁移率：2.29~2.62 g/m²·h 回收率：1.5%~10.2%	^[51]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20、50 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=9，E=2、14 V/cm	迁移率：0.43~5.40 g/m²·h 回收率：9.7%~43.1%	^[52]
雪蟹	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=9，E=0.9、1.8、2.7、3.6 V/cm	回收率：0.76%~9.3%	^[53]
鲑鱼	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、6、9，E=14 V/cm	/	^[54]
鲑鱼	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：5、20、50 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=6，E=6 V/cm	迁移率：0.01~3.19 g/m²·h 回收率：0.15%~9.2%	^[55]
鲑鱼	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：50 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=6，E=6 V/cm	/	^[56]
鲱鱼	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：50 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=7，U=14 V	迁移率：4.7~5.2 g/m²·h	^[57]

来源	UFM参数	操作条件	分离性能	文献
苜蓿	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：10 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、9，U=70 V	迁移率：1.59~7.3 g/m²·h 回收率：18.2%	^[62]
苜蓿	有效膜面积：1200 cm² MWCO：10 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、9，U=70 V	迁移率：5.3~8.7 g/m²·h 回收率：32%	^[63]
亚麻籽	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：中性	pH=3，U=6~10 V	回收率：9.6%~43.3%	^[64]
亚麻籽	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20、50 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=3，E=14 V/cm	迁移率：1.04~4.70 g/m²·h	^[65]
亚麻籽	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3，E=4 V/cm	迁移率：1.35~1.43 g/m²·h	^[66]
油菜籽	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：中性	pH=7，U=20 V	回收率：28.3%~43.6%	^[61]
油菜籽	有效膜面积：84 cm² MWCO：3 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=8，U=1.5、3.0 V	迁移率：0.019~0.060 g/m²·h 去除率：90.3% 保留率：88.8%。	^[67]
大豆	有效膜面积：1600 cm² MWCO：10 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、6、9，U=8 V	迁移率：0.097~0.24 g/m²·h 回收率：7%~9%	^[68]
大豆	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、6、9，E=3.6 V/cm	迁移率：1.3~2.4 g/m²·h	^[69]
大豆	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：100 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=6，U=50 V	迁移率：0.3~6.1 g/m²·h	^[70]
小麦	有效膜面积：57 cm² MWCO：4 kDa 膜材料：PESH	pH=6，U=1~12 V	回收率：25%~30%	^[71]
小麦	有效膜面积：57 cm² MWCO：4 kDa 膜材料：PESH	pH=6，U=12 V	回收率：26%~35%	^[72]
藜麦	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：200 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=7，E=20 V/cm	回收率：1.2%~3.0%	^[73]

来源	UFM参数	操作条件	分离性能	文献
苜蓿	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：10 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、9，U=70 V	迁移率：1.59~7.3 g/m²·h 回收率：18.2%	^[62]
苜蓿	有效膜面积：1200 cm² MWCO：10 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、9，U=70 V	迁移率：5.3~8.7 g/m²·h 回收率：32%	^[63]
亚麻籽	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：中性	pH=3，U=6~10 V	回收率：9.6%~43.3%	^[64]
亚麻籽	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20、50 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=3，E=14 V/cm	迁移率：1.04~4.70 g/m²·h	^[65]
亚麻籽	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3，E=4 V/cm	迁移率：1.35~1.43 g/m²·h	^[66]
油菜籽	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：中性	pH=7，U=20 V	回收率：28.3%~43.6%	^[61]
油菜籽	有效膜面积：84 cm² MWCO：3 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=8，U=1.5、3.0 V	迁移率：0.019~0.060 g/m²·h 去除率：90.3% 保留率：88.8%。	^[67]
大豆	有效膜面积：1600 cm² MWCO：10 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、6、9，U=8 V	迁移率：0.097~0.24 g/m²·h 回收率：7%~9%	^[68]
大豆	有效膜面积：200 cm² MWCO：20 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=3、6、9，E=3.6 V/cm	迁移率：1.3~2.4 g/m²·h	^[69]
大豆	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：100 kDa 膜材料：CA	pH=6，U=50 V	迁移率：0.3~6.1 g/m²·h	^[70]
小麦	有效膜面积：57 cm² MWCO：4 kDa 膜材料：PESH	pH=6，U=1~12 V	回收率：25%~30%	^[71]
小麦	有效膜面积：57 cm² MWCO：4 kDa 膜材料：PESH	pH=6，U=12 V	回收率：26%~35%	^[72]
藜麦	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：200 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=7，E=20 V/cm	回收率：1.2%~3.0%	^[73]

来源	UFM参数	操作条件	分离性能	文献
烟草	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：0.5 kDa 膜材料：纤维素	pH=5.6~5.8，U=30 V	回收率：8.6%~28.7%	^[38]
绿茶	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：1 kDa 膜材料：纤维素酯	pH=5.6~5.8，i=10 mA/cm²	回收率：50%	^[80]
绿茶	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：1 kDa 膜材料：纤维素酯	pH=5.6~5.8，i=10 mA/cm²	/	^[81]
蔓越莓汁	有效膜面积：10 cm² MWCO：500 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=2.5，U=30 V	回收率：34.8%~52.9%	^[82]
蔓越莓汁	有效膜面积：10 cm² MWCO：500 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=2.5，U=30 V	回收率：19.4%	^[83]
蔓越莓汁	有效膜面积：30 cm² MWCO：500 kDa 膜材料：PES	pH=2.6，E=15 V/cm	回收率：22%	^[84]
蔓越莓汁	有效膜面积：100 cm² MWCO：3 kDa 膜材料：PS	pH=2.4，U=10 V	脱酸率：40%	^[85]
蔓越莓汁	有效膜面积：10 cm² MWCO：250 kDa 膜材料：PVDF	U=30 V	回收率：26.2%~44.2%	^[21]