油页岩开发利用技术及系统集成的研究进展

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20150819

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油页岩作为一种非常规能源,储量巨大,是最具潜力的石油替代资源之一。将油页岩干馏炼油、半焦燃烧发电、页岩油气提质、灰渣生产建材和化工品等工艺技术进行集成,可提升能效、改善经济效益,符合我国能源发展战略需求,具有广阔应用前景。本文专题论述在油页岩开发利用过程中主要关键单元技术,系统集成技术的现状及研究进展。为深入研究和高效环保开发利用油页岩资源提供理论和技术基础。

关键词: 油页岩, 干馏, 系统集成, 页岩油提质, 干馏气提质

Abstract:

Oil shale is an important unconventional energy resource and has enormous reserves. It is now considered as one of the most promising oil alternatives. A novel process integrated with oil shale retorting, oil shale/semi-coke combustion, shale oil and retorting gas upgrading and ash comprehensive utilization technologies, can increase energy efficiency and improve economic performance. This integrated process meets the needs of Chinese energy development strategy. It will have broad application prospects. A comprehensive overview of the key unit technologies and systemic integrated processes of the oil shale exploration and exploitation are presented. It can provide theoretical and technical foundations for the effective and environmental development of oil shale resource.

Key words: oil shale, retorting, system integration, shale oil hydrogenation, retorting gas upgrading

中图分类号:

TQ09

杨庆春, 周怀荣, 杨思宇, 钱宇. 油页岩开发利用技术及系统集成的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(1): 109-118.

YANG Qingchun, ZHOU Huairong, YANG Siyu, QIAN Yu. Research progress on utilization and systemic integration technologies of oil shale[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(1): 109-118.

参考文献 58

[1]	MULCHANDANI H, BRANDT A R. Oil shale as an energy resource in a CO2 constrained world: the concept of electricity production with in situ carbon capture [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(4): 1633-1641.
[2]	钱家麟, 尹亮, 王剑秋, 等. 油页岩——石油的补充能源 [M]. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2008.QIAN J L, YI L, WANG J Q, et al. Oil Shale: Complementary Energy of Petroleum [M]. Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2008.
[3]	李术元, 唐勋, 何继来, 等. 世界油页岩开发利用的近况——并记2012年国外两次油页岩国际会议 [J].中外能源, 2013, 18(1): 3-11. LI S Y, TANG X, HE J L, et al. Current status of the world's exploration and utilization of oil shale — a review of two oil shale international symposiums held in 2012 [J]. Sino-Global Energy, 2013, 18(1): 3-11.
[4]	侯吉礼, 马跃, 李术元, 等. 世界油页岩资源的开发利用现状 [J].化工进展, 2015, 34(5): 1183-1190. HOU J L, MA Y, LI S Y, et al. Development and utilization of oil shale worldwide [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2015, 34(5): 1183-1190.
[5]	孙键, 王擎, 孙东红, 等. 油页岩综合利用集成技术与循环经济 [J].现代电力, 2007, 24(5): 57-67.SU J, WANG Q, SUN D H, et al. Integrated technology for oil shale comprehensive utilization and cycling economy [J]. Modern Electric Power, 2007, 24(5): 57-67.
[6]	张立栋, 刘洪鹏, 贾春霞, 等. 我国油页岩综合利用相关研究进展 [J].化工进展, 2012, 31(11): 2359-2363.ZHANG L D, LIU H P, JIA C X, et al. Research progress of comprehensive utilization of oil shale in China [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2012, 31(11): 2359-2363.
[7]	杨庆春, 张俊, 杨思宇, 等. 油页岩综合利用过程建模与技术经济分析 [J].化工学报, 2014, 65(7): 2793-2801.YANG Q C, ZHANG J, YANG S Y, et al. Modeling and techno-economic analysis for comprehensive utilization process of oil shale [J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(7): 2793-2801.
[8]	白章, 柏静儒, 王擎, 等. 抚顺式油页岩干馏工艺系统模拟及分析 [J].中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(14): 2228-2233.BAI Z, BAI J R, WANG Q, et al. Process simulation and analysis of the Fushun-type oil shale retorting system [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(14): 2228-2233.
[9]	LAI D, CHEN Z, LIN L, et al. Secondary cracking and upgrading of shale oil from pyrolyzing oil shale over shale ash [J]. Energy Fuels, 2015, 29(4): 2219-2226.
[10]	HAN X X, KULAOTS I, JIANG X M, et al. Review of oil shale semicoke and its combustion utilization [J]. Fuel, 2014, 126: 143-161.
[11]	QIAN Y, YANG Q C, ZHANG J, et al. Development of an integrated oil shale refinery process with coal gasification for hydrogen production [J]. Industry & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014, 53: 19970-19978.
[12]	YANG S Y, ZHANG J, YANG Q C, et al. Development of an integrated oil shale refinery with retorting gas steam reforming for hydrogen production [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2014, 28: 5557-5564.
[13]	YANG Q C, QIAN Y, ZHOU H R, et al. Development of an oil shale retorting process integrated with chemical looping for hydrogen production [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54: 6156-6164.
[14]	YANG Q C, QIAN Y, ZHOU H R, et al. Development of an oil shale retorting process coupling gas and solid heat carrier technologies [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29: 6155-6163.
[15]	傅岳龙, 赵增迎. 利用油页岩渣制备水泥胶凝材料的实验研究 [J].山西建筑, 2010, (29): 152-153.FU Y L, ZHAO Z Y. Research on experiments of cement binders by using oil shale residue [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2010, (29): 152-153.
[16]	张秋民, 关珺, 何德民. 几种典型的油页岩干馏技术 [J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2006, 36(6): 1019-1026. ZHANG Q M, GUAN J, HE D M. Typical technologies for oil shale retorting [J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2006, 36(6): 1019-1026.
[17]	秦宏, 岳耀奎, 刘洪鹏, 等. 中国油页岩干馏技术现状与发展趋势 [J].化工进展, 2015, 34(5): 1191-1198. QIN H, YUE Y K, LIU H P, et al. Current status and prospect of oil shale retorting technologies in China [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2015, 34(5): 1191-1198.
[18]	钱家麟, 李术元, 郭绍辉, 等.油页岩干馏炼油工艺 [M]. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2014. QIAN J L, LI S Y, GUO S H, et al. Oil Shale Retorting Technologies [M]. Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2014.
[19]	吴启成. 油页岩干馏技术[M]. 沈阳: 辽宁科学技术出版社, 2012.WU Q C. Oil Shale Retorting Technology[M]. Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Press, 2012.
[20]	吴启成. 瓦斯全循环油页岩分级干馏工艺及装置 [M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2011.WU Q C. Oil Shale Full Cycle Gas Retorting Process and Devices [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing Press, 2011.
[21]	李术元, 何继来, 侯吉礼, 等. 世界油页岩勘探开发加工利用近况——并记2014年国外两次油页岩国际会议 [J].中外能源, 2015, 20(1): 25-32. LI S Y, HE J L, HOU J L, et al. Current status of the world's exploration and utilization of oil shale — a review of two oil shale international symposiums held in 2014 [J]. Sino-Global Energy, 2015, 20(1): 25-32.
[22]	王擎, 王海刚, 孙佰仲, 等. 油页岩及其半焦混烧特性的热重试验研究和动力学分析 [J].化工学报, 2007, 58(11): 2882-2888.WANG Q, WANG H G, SUN B Z, et al. Thermo-gravimetric study and kinetic analysis of blended combustion characteristics of oil shale and semi-coke [J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 2007, 58(11): 2882-2888.
[23]	韩晓辉, 卢桂萍, 孙朝辉, 等. 国外油页岩干馏工艺研究开发进展 [J].中外能源, 2011, 16(4): 69-74. HAN X H, LU G P, SUN Z H, et al. Progress in research and development of oil shale retorting technology abroad [J]. Sino-Global Energy, 2011, 16(4): 69-74.
[24]	LI X X, ZHOU H R, WANG Y J, et al. Thermoeconomic analysis of oil shale retorting processes with gas or solid heat carrier [J]. Energy, 2015, 87: 605-614.
[25]	周怀荣, 张俊, 杨思宇. 油页岩炼制过程技术经济分析 [J].化工进展, 2015, 34(3): 684-688.ZHOU H R, ZHANG J, YANG S Y. Techno-economic analysis of oil shale retorting process [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2015, 34(3): 684-688.
[26]	韩向新,姜秀民,崔志刚. 油页岩颗粒燃烧的高温段多相燃烧模型 [J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2007, 39(9): 1470-1472.HAN X X, JIANG X M, CUI Z G. Heterogeneous combustion model for the high-temperature stage of oil shale particle combustion [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007, 39(9): 1470-1472.
[27]	韩向新,姜秀民,崔志刚, 等. 油页岩颗粒孔隙结构在燃烧过程中的变化 [J].中国电机工程学报, 2007, 27(2): 26-30.HAN X X, JIANG X M, CUI Z G, et al. Evolution of pore structure of oi1 shale particles during combustion [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2007, 27(2): 26-30.
[28]	于海龙, 姜秀民. 颗粒粒度对油页岩燃烧特性的影响 [J].动力工程, 2007, 27(4): 640-644.YU H L, JIANG X M. Influence of oil shale's granularity on its combustion property [J]. Journal of Power Engineering, 2007, 27(4): 640-644.
[29]	WANG S, JIANG X M, HAN X X, et al. Investigation of Chinese oil shale resources comprehensive utilization performance [J]. Energy, 2012, 42: 224-232.
[30]	孙保民, 孙佰仲, 王擎, 等. 油页岩和半焦着火特性实验研究 [J].中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(26): 59-64.SUN B M, SUN B Z, WANG Q, et al. Experiment study on ignition characteristics of oil shale and semi-coke [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2008, 28(26): 59-64.
[31]	WANG Q, ZHAO W Z, LIU H P, et al. Interactions and kinetic analysis of oil shale semi-coke with cornstalk during co-combustion [J]. Applied Energy, 2011, 88(6): 2080-2087.
[32]	王擎, 邹永文, 孙佰仲, 等. 油页岩半焦循环流化床热力参数分布特性 [J].锅炉技术, 2011, 42(5): 28-31.WANG Q, ZOU Y W, SUN B Z, et al. The distributing characteristics of thermal parameters in oil shale semi-coke CFB [J]. Boiler Technology, 2011, 42(5): 28-31.
[33]	邓雨生, 陆伟群. 石油焦与油页岩流化床混烧特性研究 [J].锅炉技术, 2011, 42(3): 43-46. DENG Y S, LU W Q. Study on combust ion property of mixture of petroleum coke and oil shale [J]. Boiler Technology, 2011, 42(3): 43-46.
[34]	邓雨生. 410t/h循环流化床锅炉混烧石油焦油页岩热力性能试验分析 [J].动力工程学报, 2011, 31(6): 410-415.DENG Y S. Thermal performance of a 410 t/h CFB boiler burning mixed fuel of petroleum coke and oil shale [J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2011, 31(6): 410-415.
[35]	孙佰仲, 王擎, 申朋宇, 等. 油页岩干馏残渣与烟煤混合燃烧试验研究 [J].煤炭学报, 2010, 35(3): 476-480.SUN B Z, WANG Q, SHEN P Y, et al. Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of oil shale semi-coke and bituminous coal blends [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2010, 35(3): 476-480.
[36]	孙佰仲, 石兴立, 黄志荣, 等. 油页岩干馏残渣与烟煤的混烧试验研究 [J].东北电力大学学报, 2012, 32(2): 16-20.SUN B Z, SHI L X, HUANG Z R, et al. Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of oil shale semi-coke and bituminous coal blends [J]. Journal of Northeast Dianli University, 2012, 32(2): 16-20.
[37]	刘洪鹏, 李惟毅, 赵卫振, 等. 油页岩干馏残渣与玉米秸秆混烧特性 [J].燃烧科学与技术, 2011, 17(3): 255-261.LIU H P, LI W Y, ZHAO W Z, et al. Combustion characteristics of oil shale semi-coke and cornstalk blends [J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2011, 17(3): 255-261.
[38]	王擎, 宣阳, 刘洪鹏, 等. 油页岩干馏残渣和生物质混烧污染物释放特性研究 [J].动力工程学报, 2014, 34(2): 128-133.WANG Q, XUAN Y, LIU H P, et al. Study on pollutant emission characteristics of oil shale semi-coke and biomass blends [J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2014, 34(2): 128-133.
[39]	王擎, 宣阳, 刘洪鹏, 等. 油页岩干馏残渣和稻草混烧动力学解析 [J].电站系统工程, 2015, 31(1): 12-14.WANG Q, XUAN Y, LIU H P, et al. Kinetic and numerical simulation analysis of co-firing of oil shale retorting residue and rice straws [J]. Power System Engineering, 2015, 31(1): 12-14.
[40]	赵桂芳, 苏重时, 全辉. 用反序串联(FHC-FHT)加氢组合工艺技术加工页岩油的研究 [J].炼油技术与工程, 2012, 42(12): 36-38.ZHAO G F, SU C S, QUAN H. Study on shale oil processing by single-stage reverse sequencing combination hydrocracking- hydrotreating process (FHC-FHT) [J]. Petroleum Refinery Engineering, 2012, 42(12): 36-38.
[41]	于航, 李术元, 靳广州, 等. 桦甸页岩油柴油馏分加氢精制生产清洁燃料油的研究 [J].燃料化学学报, 2010, 38(3): 297-301.YU H, LI S Y, JIN G Z, et al. Hydrotreating of the diesel distillate from Huadian shale oil for production of clean fuel [J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2010, 38(3): 297-301.
[42]	于航, 李术元, 靳广州, 等. 抚顺页岩油柴油馏分加氢精制的工艺条件 [J]. 石油学报(石油加工), 2010, 26(3): 403-406.YU H, LI S Y, JIN G Z, et al. Reaction conditions for catalytic hydrotreating of diesel distillate from Fushun shale oil [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section), 2010, 26(3): 403-406.
[43]	于航, 李术元, 靳广州, 等. 桦甸页岩油柴油馏分中氮化物的加氢反应性能 [J].石油化工, 2010, 39(2): 162-166.YU H, LI S Y, JIN G Z, et al. Hydrotreating of nitrides in diesel distillate in Huadian shale oil [J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2010, 39(2): 162-166.
[44]	于航, 李术元, 靳广州, 等. 抚顺页岩油柴油馏分加氢脱硫动力学 [J]. 石油学报(石油加工), 2011, 27(6): 924-928. YU H, LI S Y, JIN G Z, et al. Kinetic of hydrodesulfurization of diesel distillate from Fushun shale oil [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section), 2011, 27(6): 924-928.
[45]	白君君, 乔庆东. NiW/Al-PILC催化剂的页岩油加氢性能 [J]. 工业催化, 2010, 18(11): 55-57.BAI J J, QIAO Q S. Performance of the NiW/Al-PILC catalyst in shale oil hydrogenation [J]. Industrial Catalysis, 2010, 18(11): 55-57.
[46]	白君君, 乔庆东, 于廷云, 等. 层柱黏土催化剂在页岩油加氢裂化中的研究 [J].化学与黏合, 2011, 33(3): 37-39.BAI J J, QIAO Q S, YU T Y, et al. The study on PILC catalyst in hydrogenation cracking progress of shale oil [J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 2011, 33(3): 37-39.
[47]	赵桂芳, 苏重时, 刘灏. 页岩油加氢裂化生产柴油的研究 [J].当代化工, 2007, 36(4): 361-362,366.ZHAO G F, SU C S, LIU H. Study on diesel production by shale oil hydrocracking [J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2007, 36(4): 361-362,366.
[48]	LIU Q, GAO J J, ZHANG M J, et al. Highly active and stable Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts selectively deposited with CeO2 for CO methanation [J]. RSC Advances, 2014, 4: 16094-16103.
[49]	杨思宇, 张俊, 钱宇. 一种以油页岩干馏气制氢提质的集成炼制系统及工艺: 201410234132.0[P]. 2014-08-27.YANG S Y, ZHANG J, QIAN Y. An integrated oil shale refinery process with retorting gas steam reforming for hydrogen production: 201410234132.0[P]. 2014-08-27.
[50]	LIU Q, GU F N, LU X P, et al. Enhanced catalytic performances of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst via addition of V2O3 for CO methanation [J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2014, 488: 37-47.
[51]	LIU Q, GU F N, LU X P, et al. Coking-resistant Ni-ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst for CO methanation [J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2014, 23(6): 761-770.
[52]	苏达根, 杨东生. 含稀土油母页岩渣在水泥工业中的应用研究 [J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 1995, 23(2): 139-144.SU D G, YANG D S. Research on utilization of oil shale waste containing rare earth in cement industry [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Nature Science Edition), 1995, 23(2): 139-144.
[53]	贾昌梅, 陈梅芹, 钟华文. 油页岩渣资源综合利用研究进展 [J]. 广东化工, 2012, 39 (18): 76-77. JIA C M, CHEN M Q, ZHONG H W. Progresses on comprehensive utilization of oil shale ash [J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2012, 39 (18): 76-77.
[54]	柏静儒, 王擎, 秦宏, 等. 油页岩飞灰对重金属离子的吸附动力学及热力学 [J].燃料化学学报, 2011, 39(5): 378-384.BAI J R, WANG Q, QIN H, et al. Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of heavy metal ions onto fly ash from oil shale [J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2011, 39(5): 378-384.
[55]	TONG S, LIU L L, WANG L L, et al. Preparation of a novel inorganic polymer coagulant from oil shale ash [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 185: 1264-1272.
[56]	LEE D K, BAEK I H, YOON W L. Modeling and simulation for the methane steam reforming enhanced by in situ CO2 removal utilizing the CaO carbonation for H2 production [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2004, 59: 931-942.
[57]	杨思宇, 杨庆春, 钱宇. 一种油页岩干馏气化学链制氢联合发电系统及工艺: 201410436632.2 [P]. 2014-12-10.YANG S Y, YANG Q C, QIAN Y. An oil shale retorting process integrated with chemical looping for hydrogen production: 201410436632.2 [P]. 2014-12-10.
[58]	杨思宇, 杨庆春, 钱宇. 一种固体热载体油页岩炼制集成干馏气制氢系统及工艺: 201410652443.9[P]. 2015-03-04.YANG S Y, YANG Q C, QIAN Y. An oil shale retorting process coupling gas and solid heat carrier technologies: 201410652443.9[P]. 2015-03-04.