连续操作密相流化床颗粒停留时间分布特性模拟放大研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201004

化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (1): 521-533.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20201004

连续操作密相流化床颗粒停留时间分布特性模拟放大研究

兰斌^1,^2,³(),徐骥^1,^2,³,刘志成⁴,王军武^1,^2,³()

^1.中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室，北京 100190
^2.中国科学院大学化学工程学院，北京 100049
^3.中国科学院绿色过程制造创新研究院，北京 100190
^4.中国石油化工股份有限公司上海石油化工研究院，上海 201208

收稿日期:2020-07-23 修回日期:2020-10-14 出版日期:2021-01-05 发布日期:2021-01-05
通讯作者: 王军武
作者简介:兰斌（1993—），男，博士研究生，1031557180@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21978295);中国科学院绿色过程制造创新研究院自主部署项目(IAGM-2019-A13);多相复杂系统国家重点实验室自主部署课题项目(MPCS-2019-A-07)

Simulation of scale-up effect of particle residence time distribution characteristics in continuously operated dense-phase fluidized beds

LAN Bin^1,^2,³(),XU Ji^1,^2,³,LIU Zhicheng⁴,WANG Junwu^1,^2,³()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^2.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3.Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^4.Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, China

Received:2020-07-23 Revised:2020-10-14 Online:2021-01-05 Published:2021-01-05
Contact: WANG Junwu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用基于GPU（graphics processing unit）大规模并行的粗粒化CFD-DEM（computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method）方法，耦合多分散、非球形颗粒曳力模型，对连续操作的三维流化床进行了长时间颗粒停留时间模拟。通过对不同尺寸（长度）流化床的模拟发现不同粒径颗粒平均停留时间（mean residence time，MRT）与流化床长度呈线性关系，该关系可以用来预测更大尺寸流化床内的颗粒停留时间。随着流化床长度的增加，不同粒径颗粒MRT的差异变大，说明流化床长度的增加对不同尺寸颗粒的停留时间具有一定的调控能力。

关键词: 气固流, 多分散颗粒, 停留时间分布, 离散模拟, 放大

Abstract:

Scale-up of fluidized bed is a great challenge in chemical engineering. In order to explore the particle flow behavior and residence time distribution characteristics of the continuously operated polydisperse fluidized bed during the scale-up process, a large-scale parallel GPU-based coarse-grained CFD-DEM method coupled with a polydisperse and non-spherical particle drag model was used. Long-term particle residence time simulations were carried out in a continuously operated three-dimensional fluidized bed. Through the simulation of fluidized beds of different sizes (lengths), it is found that the mean residence time (MRT) of particles of different sizes has a linear relationship with the length of the fluidized bed. This relationship can be used to predict the particle MRT of larger fluidized beds. As the length of the fluidized bed increases, the difference in MRT of particles with different sizes becomes larger, indicating that the increase in the length of the fluidized bed has a certain ability to regulate the residence time of particles with different sizes.

Key words: gas-solid flow, polydisperse particles, residence time distribution, discrete simulation, scale-up

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

兰斌, 徐骥, 刘志成, 王军武. 连续操作密相流化床颗粒停留时间分布特性模拟放大研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(1): 521-533.

LAN Bin, XU Ji, LIU Zhicheng, WANG Junwu. Simulation of scale-up effect of particle residence time distribution characteristics in continuously operated dense-phase fluidized beds[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(1): 521-533.

图/表 12

图1 三维连续进出料流化床装置模拟

Fig.1 Simulation schematic diagram of 3D continuously operated fluidized beds

图2 实验所用颗粒尺寸分布

Fig.2 Particle size distribution used in experiment

表1 模拟所用颗粒代表粒径及其质量分数

Table 1 Representative particle sizes and their mass fractions used in simulations

Diameter/μm

Mass fraction/%

251

418

640

38.3

53.2

8.5

表2 模拟参数和气体、颗粒物性

Table 2 Simulation parameters for fluidized bed and properties of gas and particles

Parameter	Value
particle
density/(kg/m³)	3135
Sauter mean particle diameter/μm	341
minimum fluidization velocity/(m/s)	0.095
voidage at the minimum fluidization condition	0.48
sphericity	0.65
mass flow rate of solids at the solid inlet/(g/s)	5.3
Young’s modulus/Pa	1×10⁷
Poisson’s ratio	0.3
characteristic velocity/(m/s)	1
coefficient of restitution	0.95
coefficient of friction	0.3
coefficient of rolling friction/mm	0.05
coarse-graining ratio	5
time step/s	1×10^-5
gas
density/(kg/m³)	1.2
viscosity/(Pa·s)	1.8×10^-5
gas grid size/mm	5
superficial gas velocity/(m/s)	0.4
time step/s	1×10^-4
operating pressure/Pa	101325

图3 不同长度流化床压力轴向分布

Fig.3 Axial pressure distribution of fluidized beds with different lengths

表3 不同尺寸流化床全床压降

Table 3 Total pressure drop of fluidized beds with different sizes

Bed	Average	Total pressure	Total pressure
length/m	holdups/kg	drop/kPa	drop (exp.)/kPa
0.07	1.03	2.303	—
0.15	2.16	2.231	2.390
0.31	4.71	2.373	—
0.63	9.61	2.382	—

图4 t=1000 s时不同尺寸流化床中心竖直截面处固相浓度分布

Fig.4 Contour of solid volume fraction at t=1000 s in central vertical plane for fluidized beds with different scale

图5 不同尺寸流化床的固相浓度径向分布

Fig.5 Radial distribution of solid volume fraction in fluidized beds with different scale

图6 不同尺寸流化床的固相速度径向分布

Fig.6 Radial distribution of solid velocity in fluidized beds with different scale

图7 不同尺寸流化床颗粒停留时间分布

Fig.7 Particle RTD of fluidized beds with different scale

表4 不同尺寸流化床颗粒平均停留时间

Table 4 Particle MRT of fluidized beds with different scale

Bed length/m	Particle diameter/μm	Particle recovery rate/%	MRT of each particle/s	Total MRT/s	Total MRT(exp.)/s	$σ θ 2$
0.07	251	99.6	167.2	198.1	—	0.64
0.07	418	99.2	191.1
0.07	640	97.7	221.0
0.15	251	99.7	365.9	405.4	387.7	0.76
0.15	418	99.2	405.7
0.15	640	99.2	422.7
0.31	251	99.5	732.6	847.2	—	0.77
0.31	418	98.1	882.8
0.31	640	96.7	998.7
0.63	251	99.5	1458.9	1708.5	—	0.80
0.63	418	97.8	1822.2
0.63	640	97.0	2061.6

表4 不同尺寸流化床颗粒平均停留时间

Table 4 Particle MRT of fluidized beds with different scale

Bed length/m	Particle diameter/μm	Particle recovery rate/%	MRT of each particle/s	Total MRT/s	Total MRT(exp.)/s	$σ θ 2$
0.07	251	99.6	167.2	198.1	—	0.64
0.07	418	99.2	191.1
0.07	640	97.7	221.0
0.15	251	99.7	365.9	405.4	387.7	0.76
0.15	418	99.2	405.7
0.15	640	99.2	422.7
0.31	251	99.5	732.6	847.2	—	0.77
0.31	418	98.1	882.8
0.31	640	96.7	998.7
0.63	251	99.5	1458.9	1708.5	—	0.80
0.63	418	97.8	1822.2
0.63	640	97.0	2061.6

图8 不同粒径颗粒MRT与流化床长度的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between MRT of particles with different sizes and bed length

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连续操作密相流化床颗粒停留时间分布特性模拟放大研究

Simulation of scale-up effect of particle residence time distribution characteristics in continuously operated dense-phase fluidized beds

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