化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (9): 3983-3993.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220487
收稿日期:
2022-04-03
修回日期:
2022-05-19
出版日期:
2022-09-05
发布日期:
2022-10-09
通讯作者:
雍加望
作者简介:
雍加望(1988—),男,博士,讲师,yongjw@bjut.edu.cn
基金资助:
Jiawang YONG1(), Qianqian ZHAO2, Nenglian FENG2
Received:
2022-04-03
Revised:
2022-05-19
Online:
2022-09-05
Published:
2022-10-09
Contact:
Jiawang YONG
摘要:
为了对质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)系统进行故障诊断以提高系统的安全性和可靠性,针对PEMFC系统的强非线性,在九阶状态空间模型的基础上提出一种滑模观测器实时生成残差,利用故障阈值检测法建立故障特征矩阵检测故障,进而为了隔离故障,引入相对故障敏感度函数建立理论相对故障敏感度矩阵,在系统运行时实时计算各故障相对故障敏感度与理论相对故障敏感度的欧氏距离,最小欧氏距离对应的故障则为系统发生的故障,结果验证了所提出的基于模型的故障诊断方法的有效性,且所构建观测器可以估计PEMFC系统中难以直接测取的状态变量,平均相对误差在6%以内。
中图分类号:
雍加望, 赵倩倩, 冯能莲. 基于非线性动态模型的质子交换膜燃料电池故障诊断[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 3983-3993.
Jiawang YONG, Qianqian ZHAO, Nenglian FENG. Fault diagnosis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on nonlinear dynamic model[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(9): 3983-3993.
变量 | 主要定义 | 变量 | 主要定义 |
---|---|---|---|
阳极氢气质量/kg | 供应歧管质量/kg | ||
阴极氧气质量/kg | 空压机转速/(r/min) | ||
阴极水质量/kg | 回流管道压力/Pa | ||
阳极水质量/kg | Vfc | 电堆电压/V | |
供应歧管压力/Pa | vcm | 压缩机电机电压/V | |
阴极氮气质量/kg | Ist | 负载电流/A |
表1 模型主要变量定义
Table 1 Definition of major variables of the model
变量 | 主要定义 | 变量 | 主要定义 |
---|---|---|---|
阳极氢气质量/kg | 供应歧管质量/kg | ||
阴极氧气质量/kg | 空压机转速/(r/min) | ||
阴极水质量/kg | 回流管道压力/Pa | ||
阳极水质量/kg | Vfc | 电堆电压/V | |
供应歧管压力/Pa | vcm | 压缩机电机电压/V | |
阴极氮气质量/kg | Ist | 负载电流/A |
环境温度 | 电堆工作温度 | 氢气供给压力 | 空气供给压力 | 过氧比 |
---|---|---|---|---|
25℃ | 72℃ | 3 atm | 3 atm | 2 |
表2 运行参数设置
Table 2 Operating parameter setting
环境温度 | 电堆工作温度 | 氢气供给压力 | 空气供给压力 | 过氧比 |
---|---|---|---|---|
25℃ | 72℃ | 3 atm | 3 atm | 2 |
故障 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
f1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
f2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
f3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
f4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
f5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
表3 故障特征矩阵
Table 3 Fault signature matrix
故障 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
f1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
f2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
f3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
f4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
f5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
故障 | r2/r1 | r3/r1 | … | rn /r1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
f1 | … | |||
f2 | … | |||
f3 | … | |||
fm | … |
表4 理论相对故障敏感度矩阵
Table 4 Theoretical relative fault sensitivity matrix
故障 | r2/r1 | r3/r1 | … | rn /r1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
f1 | … | |||
f2 | … | |||
f3 | … | |||
fm | … |
故障 | r2/ r1 | r3/ r1 | r4/r1 |
---|---|---|---|
f1 | 0.0147 | 0.3681 | 6.86×10-7 |
f2 | 0.3850 | 0.0736 | 2.43×10-4 |
f3 | 0.0071 | 0.1977 | 1.97×10-7 |
f4 | 0.0083 | 0.1895 | 1.81×10-7 |
f5 | 0.0402 | 0.1448 | 3.34×10-8 |
表5 理论相对故障敏感度矩阵结果
Table 5 Theoretical relative fault sensitivity matrix results
故障 | r2/ r1 | r3/ r1 | r4/r1 |
---|---|---|---|
f1 | 0.0147 | 0.3681 | 6.86×10-7 |
f2 | 0.3850 | 0.0736 | 2.43×10-4 |
f3 | 0.0071 | 0.1977 | 1.97×10-7 |
f4 | 0.0083 | 0.1895 | 1.81×10-7 |
f5 | 0.0402 | 0.1448 | 3.34×10-8 |
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