熔融盐法制备煤基多孔碳纳米片用于钠离子电池负极

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220473

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低成本、高性能钠离子电池负极材料的开发是其走向商业化应用的关键。以富含芳香结构单元的煤液化固体残渣为碳源，结合KCl/CaCl₂熔融盐的结构导向作用，可控制备了二维多孔碳纳米片（carbon nanosheets， CTx），并探究其用于钠离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。研究发现，通过调控碳化温度可对煤基多孔碳纳米片的微观结构进行优化，在1000℃下制备的二维碳纳米片样品（CT1000）具有相对高的比表面积和丰富的缺陷结构。作为钠离子电池的负极材料，在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下，其可逆比容量为221.4 mAh·g^-1，当电流密度增加至10 A·g^-1时，比容量可以保持在124.4 mAh·g^-1，倍率性能优异。此外，在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下经2000次循环后，比容量保持率高达94.2%，展现出较大的应用潜力。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 煤基固体残渣, 熔融盐, 多孔碳纳米片, 电化学性能

Abstract:

The development of low-cost anodes with high charge-storage performance for sodium-ion batteries is the key to its commercialization. Herein, two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets (CTx) were controllably prepared using coal liquefaction residue with rich aromatic frameworks as carbon precursors by taking advantage of KCl/CaCl₂ molten salt, and their electrochemical performance as the anodes for sodium-ion batteries was further explored. It was found that the microstructure of coal-based CTx could be optimized by regulating the carbonization temperature, and the as-obtained sample at 1000℃ (CT1000) exhibits a high specific surface area and abundant defect structure. Therefore, a high reversible specific capacity of 221.4 mAh·g^-1 was achieved at a current density of 0.1 A·g^-1 as the anodes for sodium-ion batteries, and the specific capacity could be maintained at 124.4 mAh·g^-1 when the current density was increased to 10 A·g^-1, demonstrating excellent rate performance. Furthermore, the CT1000 electrode delivers good cycling stability with a specific capacity retention of 94.2% after 2000 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g^-1.

Key words: sodium-ion batteries, coal-based residue, molten salt, porous carbon nanosheets, electrochemical performance

中图分类号:

TQ 536.4

任博阳, 车晓刚, 刘思宇, 王满, 韩兴华, 董婷, 杨卷. 熔融盐法制备煤基多孔碳纳米片用于钠离子电池负极[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4745-4753.

Boyang REN, Xiaogang CHE, Siyu LIU, Man WANG, Xinghua HAN, Ting DONG, Juan YANG. Preparation of coal-based porous carbon nanosheets by molten salt strategy as anodes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4745-4753.

图/表 7

图1 CTx样品的SEM照片

Fig.1 SEM images of CTx samples

图2 CT1000样品的TEM和HRTEM图片

Fig.2 TEM image and high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (HRTEM) of the CT1000 sample

图3 CTx样品的XPS谱图及元素含量

Fig.3 XPS spectrum and element content of CTx samples

图4 CTx样品的XRD谱图(a)、拉曼光谱(b)、氮气吸附/脱附曲线(c)和孔径分布(d)

Fig.4 XRD patterns (a), Raman spectrum (b), N2 adsorption / desorption curves (c) and pore size distribution (d) of CTx samples

图5 CTx在扫描速率为0.2 mV·s-1下的CV曲线和在电流密度为0.1 A·g-1的恒电流充放电曲线

Fig.5 CV curves of CTx at the scanning rate of 0.2 mV·s-1 and galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of CTx at a current density of 0.1 A·g-1

图6 CTx材料的倍率性能和循环性能

Fig.6 Rate capability and cyclic performance of CTx samples

图7 CTx样品的CV曲线，lgv与lgi线性关系，表面电容效应和扩散效应对比及表面电容贡献百分比

Fig.7 CV curves， linear relationship between lgv and lgi， capacitive and diffusive contributions and percentage of capacitive contribution of CTx

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