CO2管道不同相态节流放空特性研究与对比

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241507

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于工业规模CO₂管道放空实验平台，开展了密相和超临界相CO₂节流放空实验。通过对放空实验的结果进行分析和对比，揭示了不同初始相态CO₂放空过程中，放空管管内CO₂的压力、温度和相态的演变规律和差异，为实际工业CO₂管道放空操作提供直接的数据支持和参考建议。结果表明，密相和超临界相CO₂放空过程阀门上游截面和下游截面压力会分别经历快速降压阶段和充压阶段。各截面温度演变过程均会经历两段温降和温升过程。相较密相CO₂放空，超临界相CO₂放空阀门前后截面的压差更大，这可能会对阀门造成更为强烈的冲击。然而，尽管可能存在上述问题，超临界相CO₂放空相较密相CO₂放空管内CO₂可以更早脱离气液饱和相。因此，超临界CO₂放空时管内发生干冰冻堵的风险也相对较低。

关键词: 安全, 二氧化碳, 实验验证, CO₂管道, 放空特性, CO₂相态

Abstract:

Based on an industrial-scale CO₂ pipeline venting experimental platform, throttling and venting experiments were conducted for both dense-phase and supercritical CO₂. Through the analysis and comparison of the experimental results, this study reveals the evolution patterns and differences in pressure, temperature, and phase state of CO₂ within the venting pipeline during the release process under different initial phase conditions. The findings provide direct data support, valuable insights, and practical recommendations for CO₂ pipeline venting operations in industrial applications. The results show that during both subcritical and supercritical CO₂ venting, the pressure at the upstream and downstream sections of the valve undergoes distinct phases: a rapid depressurization stage followed by a pressurization stage at the upstream and downstream sections, respectively. The downstream pressure then decreases as the main pipeline pressure drops. The temperature evolution at each section follows a two-stage process of cooling and heating, corresponding to the initial valve opening and the subsequent throttling phase. After the valve is fully opened, the temperature drop is more pronounced during dense-phase CO₂ venting, with the minimum temperatures inside the pipeline being -35.75℃ for dense-phase CO₂ and -28.63℃ for supercritical CO₂. This indicates that dense-phase CO₂ undergoes a greater temperature drop during venting. Furthermore, the pressure differential across the valve is greater during supercritical CO₂ venting than during dense-phase CO₂ venting, which could result in more significant valve shock. However, despite the above problems, the CO₂ in the supercritical CO₂ venting pipe can leave the gas-liquid saturation phase earlier than that in the dense-phase CO₂ venting pipe. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the behavior of CO₂ under different phases during venting and offers practical guidance for optimizing CO₂ pipeline venting operations to enhance safety, performance, and operational efficiency.

Key words: safety, carbon dioxide, experimental verification, CO₂ pipeline, venting characteristics, CO₂ phase state

中图分类号:

X 937

范振宁, 梁海宁, 房茂立, 赫一凡, 于帅, 闫兴清, 安佳然, 乔帆帆, 喻健良. CO₂管道不同相态节流放空特性研究与对比[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(7): 3742-3751.

Zhenning FAN, Haining LIANG, Maoli FANG, Yifan HE, Shuai YU, Xingqing YAN, Jiaran AN, Fanfan QIAO, Jianliang YU. Research and comparison of throttling and venting characteristics of CO₂ pipelines in different phase states[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(7): 3742-3751.

图/表 15

图1 主管道主视图与注入系统现场图

Fig.1 Main view of the main pipeline and site diagram of the injection system

图2 节流放空管路图

Fig.2 Throttling venting piping diagram

图3 放空管路中阀门实物图

Fig.3 Physical picture of the valve in the venting pipeline

表1 实验条件

Table 1 Experimental conditions

序号	CO₂相态	初始压力/MPa	初始温度/℃	CO₂纯度/%	阀门开度
Test 1	密相	8.0	23	99.9	R_V1=100%，R_V2=100%
Test 2	超临界相	8.3	38	99.9	R_V1=100%，R_V2=100%

图4 纯CO2相图

Fig.4 Phase diagram of pure CO2

图5 密相CO2放空管内压力响应（Test 1）

Fig.5 Pressure response in the dense-phase CO2 venting pipeline (Test 1)

图6 超临界相CO2放空管内压力响应（Test 2）

Fig.6 Pressure response in the supercritical CO2 venting pipeline (Test 2)

图7 密相（Test 1）和超临界相（Test 2）CO2放空不同时刻各截面压差

Fig.7 Pressure difference at different sections at different time points for dense-phase (Test 1) and supercritical (Test 2) CO2 venting

图8 密相（Test 1）CO2放空管内温度演变过程

Fig.8 Temperature evolution in the dense-phase (Test 1) CO2 venting pipeline

图9 超临界相（Test 2）CO2放空管内温度演变过程

Fig.9 Temperature evolution in the supercritical (Test 2) CO2 venting pipeline

图10 密相（Test 1）和超临界相（Test 2）CO2放空管内截面最低温度对比

Fig.10 Comparison of the minimum temperature at the pipeline sections for dense-phase (Test 1) and supercritical (Test 2) CO2 venting

图11 不同条件下CO2节流系数

Fig.11 CO2 throttling coefficient under different conditions

图12 密相CO2（Test 1）放空相变过程

Fig.12 Phase change process of dense-phase CO2 venting (Test 1)

图13 超临界CO2（Test 2）放空相变过程

Fig.13 Phase change process of supercritical CO2 venting (Test 2)

图14 密相（Test 1）和超临界相（Test 2）CO2放空介质脱离气液饱和相时的压力和温度

Fig.14 Pressure and temperature at the point of departure from the gas-liquid saturation region in dense-phase (Test 1) and supercritical (Test 2) CO2

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CO₂管道不同相态节流放空特性研究与对比

Research and comparison of throttling and venting characteristics of CO₂ pipelines in different phase states

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