过冷盐溶液流动过程中结晶生长与分布特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241528

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐溶液冰浆作为良好的储冷介质，广泛用于空调制冷、生物医药等领域。本研究将流场与相场法耦合，利用LBM方法分析研究过冷盐溶液在静止和流动条件下的枝晶生长与分布特性，并采用偏最小二乘法（partial least squares，PLS）分析了影响溶液过冷结晶的影响因素的权重。结果表明，当流速从0.1 m/s增加到0.5 m/s时，上游的枝晶生长率增长27%，而下游的枝晶生长率增长了12%；受到流速的影响，各向异性强度对枝晶形状的影响减弱；随着浓度的增加，枝晶生长速率变小。过冷度和热通量是影响冰晶生长的重要参数，随着过冷度、热通量的增加，盐溶液过冷结晶越容易发生，枝晶生长更加明显。

关键词: 盐溶液, 流动, 相变, 扩散, 过冷结晶, 影响权重

Abstract:

As a good cold storage medium, salt solution ice slurry is widely used in air conditioning, refrigeration, biomedicine and other fields. In this study, the flow field and phase field method (PFM) were coupled, and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) method was used to analyze the dendrite growth and distribution characteristics of the supercooled salt solution under static and flowing conditions. Meanwhile, partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the weight of influencing factors on the supercooled crystallization of the solution. The results show that when the flow velocity increases from 0.1 m/s to 0.5 m/s, the dendritic growth rate upstream increases by 27%, while that of downstream increases by 12%. The influence of anisotropy intensity on dendrite shape is weakened by flow velocity. The dendrite growth rate decreased with the increase of concentration. Supercooling degree and heat flux are important parameters affecting ice crystal growth. With the increase of supercooling degree and heat flux, supercooling crystallization of salt solution is more likely to occur, and dendrite growth is more obvious. It provides scientific guidance and reference for mastering the crystallization solidification characteristics and freezing state regulation of salt solution.

Key words: salt solution, flow, phase change, diffusion, supercooled crystallization, influence weight

中图分类号:

TB 66

焉富春, 高蓬辉, 陈科拯, 程博. 过冷盐溶液流动过程中结晶生长与分布特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(10): 5372-5389.

Fuchun YAN, Penghui GAO, Kezheng CHEN, Bo CHENG. Study on crystal growth and distribution characteristics of supercooled salt solution during flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(10): 5372-5389.

图/表 26

图1 实验系统

Fig.1 Experimental system

图2 盐溶液过冷结晶过程变化趋势

Fig.2 The changing trend of the subcooling crystallization process of salt solutions

图3 盐溶液过冷结晶过程变化趋势

Fig.3 The changing trend of the undercooling crystallization process of salt solutions

表1 不同浓度NaCl溶液过冷结晶潜热的比较

Table 1 Comparison of subcooling crystallization latent heat of NaCl solutions of different concentrations

来源	NaCl 溶液浓度/%	潜热值/(J/g)
本研究	3.5	286.45
	5.0	268.46
	8.0	231.19
文献^[28]	1.75	315
文献^[28]	17.5	185
文献^[29]	3.88	292
文献^[29]	7.70	279
文献^[30]	3.39	292.5

图4 过冷盐溶液结晶模拟流程图

Fig.4 Flow chart of crystallization simulation of supercooled salt solution

表2 仿真中的物理参数和初始条件

Table 2 Physical parameters and initial condition in simulation

Physical parameters	Water-NaCl binary solutions
interface energy σ/(J/m²)	0.0758
latent heat L/(J/g)	335
equilibrium constant $k e = c l e / c s e$	0.075
salinity mass concentration c/(g/kg)	0.03
mesh number in x axis direction	1500
mesh number in y axis direction	1500
unit mesh size/μm	0.07
time step	3000
mesh size of initial crystal nucleus radius	10
initial supercooling degree of temperature ΔT/K	15

表2 仿真中的物理参数和初始条件

Table 2 Physical parameters and initial condition in simulation

Physical parameters	Water-NaCl binary solutions
interface energy σ/(J/m²)	0.0758
latent heat L/(J/g)	335
equilibrium constant $k e = c l e / c s e$	0.075
salinity mass concentration c/(g/kg)	0.03
mesh number in x axis direction	1500
mesh number in y axis direction	1500
unit mesh size/μm	0.07
time step	3000
mesh size of initial crystal nucleus radius	10
initial supercooling degree of temperature ΔT/K	15

图5 模拟与实验枝晶生长趋势[33-34]

Fig.5 Simulated and experimental dendrite growth trend[33-34]

图6 流速对单枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K，Δ=0.9, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

Fig.6 Effect of flow velocity on single dendrite growth(T0=253.15 K，Δ=0.9, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

图7 上下游的枝晶生长速率和溶质浓度变化[22]

Fig.7 The dendrite growth rate and solute concentration changes in the upstream and downstream[22]

图8 流速对多枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K，Δ=0.9，c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2 )

Fig.8 Effect of flow velocity on dendrite growth(T0=253.15K，Δ=0.9，c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

图9 冰晶管道流动分布

Fig.9 Ice crystal pipeline flow distribution

图10 流速对枝晶位置的影响(T0=253.15 K, Δ=0.9, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

Fig.10 Effect of flow velocity on dendrite position(T0=253.15 K, Δ=0.9, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

图11 无量纲过冷度对单枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

Fig.11 Effect of dimensionless subcooling on single dendrite growth (T0=253.15 K, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

图12 无量纲过冷度对多枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

Fig.12 Effect of dimensionless subcooling on growth of multiple dendrites (T0=253.15 K, c=3.5%, γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2)

图13 不同枝晶主干与分枝的生长率

Fig.13 The growth rate of different dendrite trunk and branches

图14 盐溶液热流量与温度的变化趋势

Fig.14 Variation trend of heat flow and temperature of salt solution

图15 不同热通量qpf对单枝晶的影响(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，c=3.5%, γ=0.045, Δ=0.9)

Fig.15 Effect of different heat flux qpf on single dendrites(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，c=3.5%, γ=0.045, Δ=0.9)

图16 不同热通量qpf对多枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，c=3.5%, γ=0.045, Δ=0.9)

Fig.16 Effect of different heat flux qpf on the growth of multiple dendrites(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，c=3.5%, γ=0.045, Δ=0.9)

图17 各向异性强度对枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K，c=3.5%, qpf =5×105 W/m2, Δ=0.9)

Fig.17 Effect of anisotropy intensity on dendrite growth(T0=253.15 K，c=3.5%, qpf =5×105 W/m2, Δ=0.9)

图18 各向异性强度对溶液过冷结晶的影响

Fig.18 Effect of anisotropy intensity on supercooled crystallization of solution

图19 不同浓度对单枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, Δ=0.9)

Fig.19 Effects of different concentrations on single dendrite growth(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, Δ=0.9)

图20 不同浓度对多枝晶生长的影响(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, Δ=0.9)

Fig.20 Effect of different concentrations on growth of multiple dendrites(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, Δ=0.9)

图21 不同浓度对盐溶液结晶的影响(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，γ=0.045, q=5×105 W/m2, Δ=0.9)

Fig.21 Effect of different concentration on crystallization of salt solution(T0=253.15 K，v=0.1 m/s，γ=0.045, q=5×105 W/m2,Δ=0.9)

图22 不同初始温度对盐溶液结晶的影响(γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, c=3.5%, Δ=0.9)

Fig.22 Effect of different initial temperature on crystallization of salt solution(γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, c=3.5%, Δ=0.9)

图23 初始温度对溶液结晶的影响(γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, c=3.5%, Δ=0.9)

Fig.23 Effect of initial temperature on crystallization of solution(γ=0.045, qpf =5×105 W/m2, c=3.5%, Δ=0.9)

图24 影响因素权重分布趋势

Fig.24 Influence factor weight distribution trend

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