Progress in lead ion detection technologies based on 18-crown-6

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201161

Abstract

Abstract:

Lead is a heavy metal pollutant that has serious harm to the environment and the human body. Research on lead ion (Pb²⁺) detection technology has important practical significance. In recent years, based on the Pb²⁺ recognition properties of 18-crown-6 units, a series of smart polymeric materials have been designed to detect Pb²⁺. In this paper, recent research progress in Pb²⁺ detection technologies based on 18-crown-6 is reviewed, and detection technologies based on smart membranes, smart optical elements, smart microchips and smart microcapsules are mainly introduced. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of these Pb²⁺ detection technologies are discussed, which provides valuable information and guidance for the further development and application of Pb²⁺ detection technologies based on 18-crown-6.

Key words: 18-crown-6, ion-recognition, lead ion, detection technologies, smart polymeric materials

摘要：

铅是一种对环境和人体有严重危害的重金属污染物，研究铅离子（Pb²⁺）检测技术具有重要的实用意义。近年来，利用18-冠-6的Pb²⁺特异识别性能，研究者们设计构建了一系列智能高分子材料系统，为Pb²⁺检测提供了新的策略和途径。本文综述了近年来基于18-冠-6的Pb²⁺检测技术研究进展，重点介绍了基于智能膜、智能光学元件、智能微芯片、智能微胶囊等智能材料系统的Pb²⁺检测技术，讨论了这些Pb²⁺检测技术在实际应用中需要重点关注和解决的问题，以期为这类基于18-冠-6的Pb²⁺检测技术的进一步开发和应用提供参考。

关键词: 18-冠-6, 离子识别, 铅离子, 检测技术, 智能高分子材料

CLC Number:

TB 381

LIU Yuqiong, LI Yao, JU Xiaojie, XIE Rui, WANG Wei, LIU Zhuang, CHU Liangyin. Progress in lead ion detection technologies based on 18-crown-6[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(1): 192-204.

刘玉琼, 李瑶, 巨晓洁, 谢锐, 汪伟, 刘壮, 褚良银. 基于18-冠-6的铅离子检测技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(1): 192-204.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of the linear polymer brush modified membrane responding to Pb2+ (a); The flux ratio (JPb2+/Jwater) changes responding to different Pb2+ concentrations at different temperature (b)[28]

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of the fabrication and Pb2+-detection strategy of proposed novel smart membrane with smart nanogels as gates on membrane pores (a); The changes of fluxes across membrane switching the transmembrane solutions from deionized water to Pb2+ solution with different concentrations (b)[31]

Fig.3 Schematic illustration of the fabrication of nanogel-immobilized membrane for Pb2+ detection (a); The relationship between the flux ratio (JPb2+/Jwater) and Pb2+ concentrations at 40℃ (b) [32]

Fig.4 Schematic illustration of the smart hydrogel grating system for Pb2+ detection (a); Relationships between Pb2+ concentration and diffraction efficiency at different temperature (b)[42]

Fig.5 Schematic illustration of the preparation and ion-detection of photonic crystal polyelectrolyte gel (a); Reflection peak wavelength shift induced by the change in Pb2+ concentrations (b)[51]

Fig.6 Functionalized smart cantilever[52]

Fig.7 Schematic illustration of Pb2+-detection microchip equipped with smart microgel (a)； The quantitative relationship between Pb2+ concentrations and the flow rate changes responding to Pb2+(b)[70]

Fig.8 Schematic illustration of Pb2+ -detection microchip based on smart microgel array (a)； Relationship between the number changes of indicating pillars and the concentrations of Pb2+ (b)[71]

Fig.9 Schematic illustration of Pb2+ -detection Wheatstone-bridge microchip based on smart microgel (a); Relationship between the SPb2+ and the concentrations of Pb2+ (b)[72]

Fig.10 Schematic illustration of the smart microcapsule system for facilely detecting Pb2+ ions in water (a)； The relationship between the length change ratio (RL) of the microcapsule membrane group and the Pb2+ concentrations (b) [76]

Fig.11 Schematic illustrations of the structure construction and the Pb2+ detection mechanism of the simple device equipped with smart hydrogel (a)； Three-dimensional diagram of ΔLPb2+ as a function of both Pb2+ concentrations and temperature (b)[77]

Table 1 Lead(Ⅱ) detection technologies based on 18-crown-6

智能高分子材料检测系统		最低检测限/(mol·L^-1)	测试仪器	优点	缺点	文献
智能膜	线性高分子修饰的智能膜	10^-6	膜通量装置	测量装置简单，易储存	化学接枝方法复杂，可重复性差，膜结构难控制；蒸汽诱导相分离法制膜过程对温湿度要求严格，测试过程中样品消耗量大	[28]
智能膜	凝胶微球修饰的智能膜	10^-10	膜通量装置	测量装置简单，易储存	化学接枝方法复杂，可重复性差，膜结构难控制；蒸汽诱导相分离法制膜过程对温湿度要求严格，测试过程中样品消耗量大	[31]
智能光学元件	智能凝胶光栅	10^-9	激光，光电二极管，数据处理软件	高精度，小型化，响应时间短	检测系统结构精细，易受干扰，对测试环境要求较高	[42]
	智能光子晶体	10^-10	光纤光谱仪			[51]
	智能微悬臂梁	10^-6	激光，位置敏感传感器			[64]
智能微芯片	单通道智能微芯片	10^-10	流量传感器	高精度，小型化，响应时间短	检测系统的构建较复杂	[70]
智能微芯片	惠斯通电桥智能微芯片	10^-14	显微镜	高精度，小型化，响应时间短	检测系统的构建较复杂	[72]
智能微胶囊		10^-9	无	可视化检测	精度和可重复性较差	[77]

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