Abstract: Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) was mixed with ammonium nitrate (AN) by the mechanical mixing method (1) and the solution mixing method (2). The UN gap test and Koenen test of UN-Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods, were used to determine the propagation of detonation and the effect of heating under confinement, and DSC was used to study the thermal decomposition characteristic. The results of UN gap test showed that samples with different mixing methods had the same result. When the MAP content reached 25%, the result was negative, i.e., the modified AN did not propagate detonation. In the Koenen test, when the MAP content in the modified AN-1 and modified AN-2 reached 30% and 25% respectively, the samples were not sensitive to intense heat under test confinement. The results of DSC showed that the T_onset of modified AN-1 was lower than AN, but the T_onset of modified AN-2 was higher than AN. The mechanical mixing method could improve the passivation effect of MAP on AN.

Key words: ammonium nitrate, explosions, safety, experimental validation

摘要： 为了研究磷酸一铵(MAP)对硝酸铵爆炸性的抑制作用及其影响机理,利用联合国隔板试验和克南试验研究了改性硝酸铵传播爆轰的能力和在封闭条件下对强加热作用的敏感性,同时采用DSC试验研究了改性硝酸铵热分解特性。联合国隔板试验的结果表明:不同混合工艺的改性硝酸铵试验结果一致,当MAP含量达到25%时,试验结果为“-”,即改性硝酸铵将不再具备传播爆轰的能力。克南试验结果表明:当MAP含量达到30%时,改性硝酸铵-1的试验结果为“-”;当MAP含量达到25%时,改性硝酸铵-2的结果为“-”,即样品在封闭条件下对强加热作用不敏感。DSC的结果表明:改性硝酸铵-1的初始热分解温度比工业硝酸铵低,改性硝酸铵-2的初始热分解温度较高,采用机械混合法更有利于提高MAP对硝酸铵的钝化作用。

关键词: 硝酸铵, 爆炸, 安全, 实验验证