Effects of dialysis and acid precipitation treatment on physicochemical properties of alkali lignin and its lead ions removal properties

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181386

Abstract

Abstract:

XPS, static contact angle, particle surface charge, scanning electron microscopy, functional group analysis and other methods were used to study the difference of physicochemical properties of alkali lignin after alkali-soluble dialysis and alkali-soluble acid precipitation treatment, and to explore the degree of alkali lignin molecular aggregation to Pb²⁺ removal. The results indicate that (1) after alkali-dialysis treatment, the specific surface area is 4.77 times compared with alkali-acid precipitation, and the contact angle of the water/lignin film decreased by 13° compared with alkali-acid precipitation, reflecting the degree of aggregation of lignin molecular is low and the molecular chain is loose; (2) the surface oxygen content increased by 48% compared with alkali-acid precipitation, reflecting the exposed degree of oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups are increased, so that the electrostatic interaction between the sample and Pb²⁺ is enhanced; (3) the lead ions removal performance is remarkably enhanced, while the removal capacity can reach 136 mg·g^-1 and the removal rate can reach 81.8% at the concentration of Pb²⁺ was 100 mg·L^-1, and the removal performance is little affected by the pH of the system. Compared with the chemical modifications and surface functionalizations which aim at improving the removal performance of lignin, the alkali-dialysis treatment has the characteristics of low toxicity and low energy consumption in the preparation process.

Key words: alkali lignin, alkali-dialysis, alkali-acid precipitation, aggregation degree, waste water, removal

摘要：

采用XPS、静态接触角、颗粒表面电荷、扫描电镜、官能团分析等方法来研究碱木质素经过碱溶透析和碱溶酸析处理后的物化性质的差异，探讨碱木质素分子聚集程度对Pb²⁺去除性能的影响。结果表明，碱溶透析木质素的比表面积是碱溶酸析木质素的4.77倍，碱溶透析样品较酸析样品的表面氧含量高48%、水/木质素薄膜的静态接触角低13°，反映出碱溶透析处理后的木质素比碱溶酸析处理后的木质素分子聚集程度低、分子链疏松、羧基和羟基等含氧官能团裸露程度增加。碱溶透析处理后的木质素与Pb²⁺的静电作用增强，对Pb²⁺的去除能力显著提高。Pb²⁺浓度为100 mg·L^-1时，碱溶透析木质素对Pb²⁺的去除量达136 mg·g^-1，去除率为81.8%，且去除性能受体系pH的影响小。与化学改性和表面功能化相比，利用碱溶透析处理以提高木质素对Pb²⁺的去除性能具有操作简单、无毒、能耗低的优点。

关键词: 碱木质素, 碱溶透析, 碱溶酸析, 聚集程度, 废水, 去除

CLC Number:

O 636.2

Rubin ZHAO, Meng CAI, Yuxia PANG. Effects of dialysis and acid precipitation treatment on physicochemical properties of alkali lignin and its lead ions removal properties[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(5): 1894-1903.

赵汝斌, 蔡猛, 庞煜霞. 碱溶透析和酸析处理对碱木质素物化性质和Pb²⁺去除性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(5): 1894-1903.

Figures/Tables 11

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Sample	C/%	H/%	N/%	S/%	Lignin/%	Cellulose/%	Ash/%	Phenolic hydroxyl content/(mmol·g^-1)	Carboxyl group content/(mmol·g^-1)	M _w/(g·mol^-1)
AL	60.03	5.65	1.31	0.55	63.64	<1	2.42	1.76	1.63	3800
SX-AL	58.65	5.08	0.06	0.66	64.91	<1	0.90	2.14	1.94	4300
TX-AL	58.00	5.13	0.08	0.42	74.30	<1	0.34	2.27	2.21	4500

Sample	C/%	H/%	N/%	S/%	Lignin/%	Cellulose/%	Ash/%	Phenolic hydroxyl content/(mmol·g^-1)	Carboxyl group content/(mmol·g^-1)	M _w/(g·mol^-1)
AL	60.03	5.65	1.31	0.55	63.64	<1	2.42	1.76	1.63	3800
SX-AL	58.65	5.08	0.06	0.66	64.91	<1	0.90	2.14	1.94	4300
TX-AL	58.00	5.13	0.08	0.42	74.30	<1	0.34	2.27	2.21	4500

Sample	Sample mass/mg	Lignin mass/mg	Removal rate/%	Removal capacity /(mg·g^-1)
SX-AL	30	19.5	23.6	39.3
SX-AL	40	26.0	31.4	39.2
SX-AL	50	32.4	38.9	38.8
TX-AL	30	22.3	81.8	136.0

Sample	Sample mass/mg	Lignin mass/mg	Removal rate/%	Removal capacity /(mg·g^-1)
SX-AL	30	19.5	23.6	39.3
SX-AL	40	26.0	31.4	39.2
SX-AL	50	32.4	38.9	38.8
TX-AL	30	22.3	81.8	136.0

Adsorbent	Adsorption capacity/(mg·g^-1)	Surface charge of lignin(pH=5.5)/(mmol·g^-1)	Ref.
TX-AL	136.0	0.79	present study
SAL	165.4	1.00	present study
CMAL	159.9	0.95	present study
aminated lignin	60.5	—	[10]
modified lignin by amination and sulfomethylation	53.9	—	[11]
modified lignin by amination, sulfomethylation and phenolation	130.2	—	[12]
microwave-assisted carboxymethyl lignin	323.6	—	[14]
polycondensation resins by lignin reaction with glucose	194.6	—	[15]
lignin microspheres	33.9	—	[19]
porous lignin-based sphere	27.1	—	[20]
porous lignin based poly (acrylic acid)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites	223.8	—	[21]
lignin grafted carbon nanotubes	235.0	—	[22]
chitin/lignin hybrid material	91.7	—	[31]