Effects of PAA and PBTCA on CaCO3 Scaling in Pool Boiling System

Abstract

Abstract: Formation of mineral scales on heat exchangers is a persistent and expensive problem. In
the presentpaper, the calcium carbonate scale inhibition by two inhibitors, polyacrylic
acid (PAA) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) has been studied in a
pool boiling system. It is found that PBTCA has abetter inhibition effect than PAA under
the identical conditions. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared(FTIR)
analyses demonstrate that the content of vaterite increases as inhibition effects increase.
Themetastable crystal forms of vaterite and aragonite are stabilized kinetically in the
presence of inhibitors. Therelationship between the inhibition effect and the fractal
dimension has also been investigated. The result showsthat the fractal dimension is higher
in the presence of inhibitors. The better the inhibition effect, the higher thefractal
dimension. The step morphology was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. It is
shown thatthe step space on the calcium carbonate surface increases in the presence of
inhibitors. Moreover, with the increaseof inhibition effect, both the step space and the
fractal dimension increase. The step bunching is found on thecalcium carbonate by AFM. The
better the inhibition effect of the inhibitor, the slower the step velocity in theunbunched
location. As a result, the step space becomes wider in the presence of PBTCA than that in
the presenceof PAA.

Key words: calcium carbonate, scaling, inhibitor, atomic force microscopy, fractal

摘要： Formation of mineral scales on heat exchangers is a persistent and expensive problem. In
the presentpaper, the calcium carbonate scale inhibition by two inhibitors, polyacrylic
acid (PAA) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) has been studied in a
pool boiling system. It is found that PBTCA has abetter inhibition effect than PAA under
the identical conditions. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared(FTIR)
analyses demonstrate that the content of vaterite increases as inhibition effects increase.
Themetastable crystal forms of vaterite and aragonite are stabilized kinetically in the
presence of inhibitors. Therelationship between the inhibition effect and the fractal
dimension has also been investigated. The result showsthat the fractal dimension is higher
in the presence of inhibitors. The better the inhibition effect, the higher thefractal
dimension. The step morphology was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. It is
shown thatthe step space on the calcium carbonate surface increases in the presence of
inhibitors. Moreover, with the increaseof inhibition effect, both the step space and the
fractal dimension increase. The step bunching is found on thecalcium carbonate by AFM. The
better the inhibition effect of the inhibitor, the slower the step velocity in theunbunched
location. As a result, the step space becomes wider in the presence of PBTCA than that in
the presenceof PAA.

关键词: calcium carbonate;scaling;inhibitor;atomic force microscopy;fractal

YANG Qingfeng, GU Anzhong, DING Jie, SHEN Ziqiu. Effects of PAA and PBTCA on CaCO₃ Scaling in Pool Boiling System [J]. .

杨庆峰, 顾安忠, 丁洁, 沈自求. 池式沸腾下PAA与PBTCA对CaCO₃结垢的影响[J]. CIESC Journal.

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Effects of PAA and PBTCA on CaCO₃ Scaling in Pool Boiling System

池式沸腾下PAA与PBTCA对CaCO₃结垢的影响

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