Phase equilibrium of CO2 hydrate in the presence of four different quaternary ammonium salts

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211624

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermodynamic properties of CO₂ gas hydrates were essential for the design and operation of seawater desalination, biogas purification, CO₂ capture and storage systems, energy utilization, natural gas storage, etc. In this study, four different quaternary ammonium salts were employed to accelerate the CO₂ hydrate formation in the temperature range from 272.75 K to 294.35 K at pressures 0.35—4.50 MPa by the constant volume temperature search method. The results showed that under the same conditions, the CO₂ hydrate phase equilibrium temperature under the action of quaternary ammonium salt can be summarized as below:tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) > tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) > tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) > benzyl-triethyl-ammonium chloride (TEBAC). The phase enthalpy of CO₂ hydrate in different quaternary ammonium salt solutions was calculated by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, and the influence of its hydrate stability was explored. The logarithm of the pressure versus the reciprocal (absolute) hydrate formation temperature was also found to be nearly linear. The phase enthalpy of CO₂ hydrate under the action of TBAF and TBAB was close to and significantly higher than other quaternary ammonium salts, indicating that its promotion effect was the best, the corresponding hydrate formation conditions were also the mildest. Using the Chen-Guo model, combined with the PR equation of state and the improved Joshi empirical activity model, the thermodynamic phase equilibrium data of CO₂ hydrate under the action of TBAF, TBAB, TBAC and TEBAC were calculated respectively. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental data, and the maximum average relative error was 7.50%.

Key words: hydrate, phase equilibrium, additive, phase enthalpy, Chen-Guo thermodynamic model

摘要：

CO₂气体水合物形成热力学性质是实施海水淡化、沼气纯化、碳捕集和封存、能源利用、天然气储存等技术的关键。采用恒容温度搜索法，在温度272.75~294.35 K，压力0.35~4.50 MPa的范围内，探究了四种季铵盐促进剂对CO₂气体水合物相平衡的影响。结果表明，相同条件下，季铵盐作用下CO₂水合物的相平衡温度由高到低分别为：四丁基氟化铵（TBAF）>四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）>四丁基氯化铵（TBAC）>苄基三乙基氯化铵（TEBAC）。基于Clausius-Clapeyron方程，计算了不同体系的相变潜热，探讨了其对水合物稳定性的影响。可以看出，水合物的相平衡压力对数与温度倒数呈线性关系，其中，TBAF、TBAB作用下的CO₂水合物相变潜热相接近且明显高于其他季铵盐，说明其促进效果最好，所对应的水合物生成条件也最为温和。利用Chen-Guo模型，结合PR状态方程和改进Joshi经验活度模型，分别计算了TBAF、TBAB、TBAC和TEBAC作用下CO₂水合物热力学相平衡数据，计算结果与实验数据吻合良好，最大平均相对误差为7.50%。

关键词: 水合物, 相平衡, 添加剂, 相变潜热, Chen-Guo热力学模型

CLC Number:

O 642.4⁺2

Wenxin MEN, Qingshou PENG, Xia GUI. Phase equilibrium of CO₂ hydrate in the presence of four different quaternary ammonium salts[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(4): 1472-1482.

门文欣, 彭庆收, 桂霞. 不同季铵盐作用下的CO₂水合物相平衡[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(4): 1472-1482.

Figures/Tables 11

References 41

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试剂	分子式	纯度	供应商
四丁基氟化铵（TBAF）	C??H??FN	0.98	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
四丁基氯化铵（TBAC）	C??H??ClN	0.99	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）	C??H??BrN	0.99	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
苄基三乙基氯化铵（TEBAC）	C₁₃H₂₂ClN	0.99	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
去离子水	H₂O	—	实验室自制

试剂	分子式	纯度	供应商
四丁基氟化铵（TBAF）	C??H??FN	0.98	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
四丁基氯化铵（TBAC）	C??H??ClN	0.99	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）	C??H??BrN	0.99	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
苄基三乙基氯化铵（TEBAC）	C₁₃H₂₂ClN	0.99	上海阿拉丁试剂晶纯实业有限公司
去离子水	H₂O	—	实验室自制

促进剂	5%（质量）			7%（质量）			10%（质量）			12%（质量）			15%（质量）
促进剂	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K
TBAF	284.25	0.44	11.00	285.35	0.65	11.65	286.35	0.86	12.95	286.85	0.8	13.40	287.35	0.74	13.65
	287.55	1.34		287.95	1.38		288.25	1.41		289.05	1.38		289.75	1.35
	288.75	1.95		289.05	1.92		289.35	1.9		290.35	1.98		291.35	2.06
	289.45	2.46		289.85	2.46		290.25	2.46		291.25	2.56		292.25	2.63
	289.85	2.76		290.55	2.92		291.25	3.03		292.85	3.35		294.35	3.68
	290.75	3.45		291.45	3.51		292.15	3.57		293.35	3.67
TBAC	273.35	0.78	2.20	277.85	0.92	4.35	281.75	1.07	6.95	281.35	0.71	7.85	280.95	0.35	8.15
	276.65	1.29		280.05	1.38		282.85	1.46		282.95	1.06		282.95	0.65
	278.65	1.75		281.45	1.8		283.65	1.86		283.85	1.43		284.05	1.01
	280.55	2.12		283.05	2.29		284.85	2.46		285.15	2.12		285.45	1.74
	281.75	2.48		284.15	2.87		285.65	3.25		286.15	2.88		286.65	2.51
	282.75	2.91		285.05	3.41		286.75	3.91		287.15	3.58		287.45	3.25
	283.65	3.36		286.15	3.97					288.05	4.28		288.65	4.19
TBAB	279.45	0.42	6.35	281.05	0.57	7.45	282.05	0.36	9.60	283.55	0.43	9.85	283.05	0.49	10.30
	281.45	0.71		282.45	0.81		284.85	0.84		284.65	0.66		284.45	0.86
	282.75	1.31		284.45	1.31		285.35	1.03		285.55	0.98		285.75	1.16
	284.05	1.73		285.65	1.62		286.45	1.52		286.55	1.42		286.65	1.52
	284.45	1.98		286.55	2.36		287.05	2.03		287.45	2.07		287.75	2.12
	285.45	2.45		287.15	2.67		287.65	2.61		288.15	2.62		288.35	2.53
	286.05	2.91		287.55	3.08		288.35	3.25		288.75	3.23		289.05	3.12
	286.75	3.57		287.95	3.54		288.85	3.87		289.15	3.7		289.45	3.53
	287.05	4.07		288.25	3.82		289.45	4.32		289.55	4.22		289.85	4.12
	287.25	4.23		288.75	4.36
TEBAC	272.75	1.13	0.25	273.85	1.23	0.55	274.95	1.33	0.75	274.25	1.22	0.95	273.45	1.07	1.15
	276.25	1.75		276.45	1.74		276.65	1.73		276.15	1.65		275.65	1.57
	278.35	2.24		278.45	2.14		278.45	2.04		278.25	1.98		278.05	1.92
	279.45	2.75		279.95	2.68		280.35	2.62		280.25	2.48		279.65	2.34
	280.65	3.09		281.05	3.02		281.35	2.95		281.35	2.91		281.45	2.86
	281.75	3.65		281.75	3.46		281.75	3.26		282.25	3.3		282.75	3.34
	282.85	4.03		283.25	3.93		283.55	3.83		283.75	3.79		283.85	3.74
													285.35	4.26

促进剂	5%（质量）			7%（质量）			10%（质量）			12%（质量）			15%（质量）
促进剂	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K	T_ed/K	P_ed/MPa	ΔT_ave/K
TBAF	284.25	0.44	11.00	285.35	0.65	11.65	286.35	0.86	12.95	286.85	0.8	13.40	287.35	0.74	13.65
	287.55	1.34		287.95	1.38		288.25	1.41		289.05	1.38		289.75	1.35
	288.75	1.95		289.05	1.92		289.35	1.9		290.35	1.98		291.35	2.06
	289.45	2.46		289.85	2.46		290.25	2.46		291.25	2.56		292.25	2.63
	289.85	2.76		290.55	2.92		291.25	3.03		292.85	3.35		294.35	3.68
	290.75	3.45		291.45	3.51		292.15	3.57		293.35	3.67
TBAC	273.35	0.78	2.20	277.85	0.92	4.35	281.75	1.07	6.95	281.35	0.71	7.85	280.95	0.35	8.15
	276.65	1.29		280.05	1.38		282.85	1.46		282.95	1.06		282.95	0.65
	278.65	1.75		281.45	1.8		283.65	1.86		283.85	1.43		284.05	1.01
	280.55	2.12		283.05	2.29		284.85	2.46		285.15	2.12		285.45	1.74
	281.75	2.48		284.15	2.87		285.65	3.25		286.15	2.88		286.65	2.51
	282.75	2.91		285.05	3.41		286.75	3.91		287.15	3.58		287.45	3.25
	283.65	3.36		286.15	3.97					288.05	4.28		288.65	4.19
TBAB	279.45	0.42	6.35	281.05	0.57	7.45	282.05	0.36	9.60	283.55	0.43	9.85	283.05	0.49	10.30
	281.45	0.71		282.45	0.81		284.85	0.84		284.65	0.66		284.45	0.86
	282.75	1.31		284.45	1.31		285.35	1.03		285.55	0.98		285.75	1.16
	284.05	1.73		285.65	1.62		286.45	1.52		286.55	1.42		286.65	1.52
	284.45	1.98		286.55	2.36		287.05	2.03		287.45	2.07		287.75	2.12
	285.45	2.45		287.15	2.67		287.65	2.61		288.15	2.62		288.35	2.53
	286.05	2.91		287.55	3.08		288.35	3.25		288.75	3.23		289.05	3.12
	286.75	3.57		287.95	3.54		288.85	3.87		289.15	3.7		289.45	3.53
	287.05	4.07		288.25	3.82		289.45	4.32		289.55	4.22		289.85	4.12
	287.25	4.23		288.75	4.36
TEBAC	272.75	1.13	0.25	273.85	1.23	0.55	274.95	1.33	0.75	274.25	1.22	0.95	273.45	1.07	1.15
	276.25	1.75		276.45	1.74		276.65	1.73		276.15	1.65		275.65	1.57
	278.35	2.24		278.45	2.14		278.45	2.04		278.25	1.98		278.05	1.92
	279.45	2.75		279.95	2.68		280.35	2.62		280.25	2.48		279.65	2.34
	280.65	3.09		281.05	3.02		281.35	2.95		281.35	2.91		281.45	2.86
	281.75	3.65		281.75	3.46		281.75	3.26		282.25	3.3		282.75	3.34
	282.85	4.03		283.25	3.93		283.55	3.83		283.75	3.79		283.85	3.74
													285.35	4.26

促进剂	质量分数/%	A_slope	ΔH_d /(kJ·mol^-1)	R²
TBAF	5	-23641	163.51	0.9937
	7	-23457	167.52	0.9975
	10	-28785	205.49	0.9944
	12	-23947	171.12	0.9927
	15	-24775	175.54	0.9972
TBAC	5	-10925	74.75	0.9930
	7	-20674	126.89	0.9948
	10	-21348	147.98	0.9946
	12	-22486	156.40	0.9959
	15	-27154	194.80	0.9951
TBAB	5	-26843	198.50	0.9985
	7	-25296	181.37	0.9923
	10	-24526	178.82	0.9961
	12	-23530	174.14	0.9982
	15	-23850	172.88	0.9910
TEBAC	5	-8882.8	59.05	0.9942
	7	-9704.5	64.49	0.9973
	10	-9588.2	63.06	0.9952
	12	-9162.1	61.96	0.9956
	15	-9904.5	65.37	0.9973

Phase equilibrium of CO₂ hydrate in the presence of four different quaternary ammonium salts

不同季铵盐作用下的CO₂水合物相平衡

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Figures/Tables 11

References 41

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促进剂	质量分数/%	K₁	K₂
TBAF	5	-2.219	-653
	10	-1.445	-431.4
	15	-1.299	-393.2
TBAC	5	-0.2616	-74.94
	10	-1.512	-435.9
	15	-2.313	-670.8
TBAB	5	-1.868	-539
	10	-2.472	-719.9
	15	-1.968	-576.4
TEBAC	5	-0.108	-28.48
	10	-0.05776	-15.57
	15	0.03457	9.756

[1]	Xudong YU, Qi LI, Niancu CHEN, Li DU, Siying REN, Ying ZENG. Phase equilibria and calculation of aqueous ternary system KCl + CaCl₂ + H₂O at 298.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3256-3265.
[2]	Haopeng SHI, Dawen ZHONG, Xuexin LIAN, Junfeng ZHANG. Experimental study on the downward-facing surface enhanced boiling heat transfer of multiscale groove-fin structures [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2880-2888.
[3]	Zhen LONG, Jinhang WANG, Junjie REN, Yong HE, Xuebing ZHOU, Deqing LIANG. Experimental study on inhibition effect of natural gas hydrate formation by mixing ionic liquid with PVCap [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2639-2646.
[4]	Zhangning CUI, Zixuan HU, Lei WU, Jun ZHOU, Gan YE, Tiantian LIU, Qiuli ZHANG, Yonghui SONG. Research progress on the water resistance of degradable cellulose-based materials [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2296-2307.
[5]	Wenchao XU, Zhigao SUN, Cuimin LI, Juan LI, Haifeng HUANG. Effect of surfactant E-1310 on the formation of HCFC-141b hydrate under static conditions [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(5): 2179-2185.
[6]	Zhen LONG, Jinhang WANG, Yong HE, Deqing LIANG. Characteristics study on hydrates formation from gas mixture under ionic liquid together with kinetic hydrate inhibitors [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1703-1711.
[7]	Jiajing BAO, Hongfei BIE, Ziwei WANG, Rui XIAO, Dong LIU, Shiliang WU. The effects of adding long-chain ethers in n-heptane counterflow diffusion flames on the formation characteristics of soot precursors [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1680-1692.
[8]	Mingchuan LI, Shuanshi FAN, Fuhai XU, Huidong LU, Xiaojun LI. Existence and Laplace transform of the solution to Stefan phase change model in thermal dissociation hydrate [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1746-1754.
[9]	Xiaodan SU, Ganyu ZHU, Huiquan LI, Guangming ZHENG, Ziheng MENG, Fang LI, Yunrui YANG, Benjun XI, Yu CUI. Optimization of wet process phosphoric acid hemihydrate process and crystallization of gypsum [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1805-1817.
[10]	Han HU, Liang YANG, Chunxiao LI, Daoping LIU. Kinetics of methane storage in the natural tobacco leaching filtrate in the hydrate form [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1313-1321.
[11]	Jingbo GAO, Qiang SUN, Qing LI, Yiwei WANG, Xuqiang GUO. Hydrate equilibrium model of hydrogen-containing gas considering hydrates structure transformation [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 666-673.
[12]	Wenting CHENG, Jie LI, Li XU, Fangqin CHENG, Guoji LIU. Experiment and prediction for the solubility of AlCl₃·6H₂O in FeCl₃, CaCl₂, KCl and KCl-FeCl₃solutions [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 642-652.
[13]	Weijiang CHENG, Heqi WANG, Xiang GAO, Na LI, Sainan MA. Research progress on film-forming electrolyte additives for Si-based lithium-ion batteries [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 571-584.
[14]	Xuan ZHOU, Mengya LI, Jie SUN, Zhenkai CEN, Qiangsan LYU, Lishan ZHOU, Haitao WANG, Dandan HAN, Junbo GONG. The regulation mechanism of additives on the amino acid crystal growth [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 500-510.
[15]	Jin CAI, Xiaohui WANG, Han TANG, Guangjin CHEN, Changyu SUN. Prediction of the phase equilibrium of semi-clathrate hydrate in TBAB aqueous solution [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(1): 408-415.