CIESC Journal ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (12): 4792-4809.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230874

• Reviews and monographs • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristic, structure, preparation and applications of soft and hard carbons

Shuo LI1,2(), Zhepeng ZHAO2, Zhengwei CUI2(), Guanming YUAN1,2(), Bin XU2   

  1. 1.The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
    2.The Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-08-23 Revised:2023-12-11 Online:2024-02-19 Published:2023-12-25
  • Contact: Zhengwei CUI, Guanming YUAN

软/硬炭的特性、结构、制备及应用

李烁1,2(), 赵哲鹏2, 崔正威2(), 袁观明1,2(), 许斌2   

  1. 1.武汉科技大学省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
    2.武汉科技大学湖北省煤转化与新型炭材料重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 通讯作者: 崔正威,袁观明
  • 作者简介:李烁(2000—),男,硕士研究生,lishuo2030@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52072275)

Abstract:

In recent years, industries such as energy-saving, environmental protection, intelligent manufacturing and green low-carbon continue to develop, with the gradual implementation of the “14th Five-Year Plan” policy, carbon materials have played a crucial irreplaceable role. Soft and hard carbons have attracted wide attention from the scientific and industrial communities owing to their belongings to an important carbon material like graphite, graphene and nanocarbon. Thus, there is a vigorous growth in the development and utilization of soft and hard carbons in numerous fields such as new energy, new technology and ecological environment. First, the importance, research hotspots and historical development (in terms of professional terminology) of soft and hard carbons are introduced. The structure characteristics and classic structure models of soft and hard carbons are systematically summarized. Then, a comprehensive overview is focused on the preparation methods (e.g., gas-phase, liquid-phase and solid-phase carbonizations) and control means (including the rational selection of carbonaceous precursors), as well as regulating measures, thermal evolution laws and mutual transformation of microcrystalline structure. While giving a brief overview of the applications of soft/hard carbon in traditional fields, it also focuses on its applications in emerging fields such as energy storage and conversion, advanced catalytic materials, and efficient adsorption and environmental protection. Finally, a summary and outlook is presented on the research prospects and development trends of soft and hard carbons, offering an overall perspective for the design and development of soft and hard carbons with low-cost production, controllable fine-structure, adjustable excellent-performance, and high value-added and high-end applications.

Key words: soft and hard carbons, structure, model, control, preparation, application

摘要:

近年来,节能环保、智能制造和绿色低碳等行业持续发展壮大,伴随国家“十四五”政策逐步落实,炭材料起到了举足轻重和不可替代的作用。软/硬炭作为和石墨、石墨烯、纳米炭同等重要的一种炭材料,引起了科学界和产业界的广泛关注,目前在新能源、新技术和生态环境等领域的开发和应用方兴未艾。首先介绍了软/硬炭的重要性、研究热度及其专业术语的历史发展,并对其结构特性和经典结构模型进行了系统梳理;然后围绕软/硬炭的制备方法(气相、液相和固相炭化)及控制手段(包括碳质原料的合理选取)、微晶结构调控措施、高温衍变规律及相互转化进行了全面概括;简要概述软/硬炭在传统领域应用的同时,重点介绍了其在能源存储与转化、先进催化材料和高效吸附环保等新兴领域的应用;最后对软/硬炭的研发前景和发展趋势进行了总结和展望,为设计和开发低成本生产、精细结构及优异性能调控、高附加值和高端领域应用的软/硬炭提供了一个全面视角。

关键词: 软/硬炭, 结构, 模型, 控制, 制备, 应用

CLC Number: