CIESC Journal ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (9): 3903-3911.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230759

• Energy and environmental engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research on discharge path and evaluation of spent lithium-ion batteries

Fei KANG1,2,3(), Weiguang LYU2,3, Feng JU4, Zhi SUN1,2,3()   

  1. 1.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    2.Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3.Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    4.Henan Jushan New Energy Technology Co. , Ltd. , Anyang 456463, Henan, China
  • Received:2023-07-21 Revised:2023-09-02 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-09-25
  • Contact: Zhi SUN

废锂离子电池放电路径与评价研究

康飞1,2,3(), 吕伟光2,3, 巨锋4, 孙峙1,2,3()   

  1. 1.中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京 100049
    2.中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京 100190
    3.中国科学院化学化工科学数据中心,北京 100190
    4.河南巨山新能源科技有限公司,河南 安阳 456463
  • 通讯作者: 孙峙
  • 作者简介:康飞(1988—),男,博士研究生,助理研究员,kangfei0604@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909004);中国科学院化学化工科学数据中心能力建设项目(WX145XQ07-12);国家自然科学基金项目(51934006);浙江省科技计划项目(2022C03074)

Abstract:

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries has received widespread attention. Discharge is an important step in the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries. At present, sodium chloride solution is mainly used to achieve discharge, which leads to the discharge of a large amount of waste liquid containing heavy metals and high organic matter, and will produce hydrogen, methane, etc., which has high treatment cost and serious environmental and safety risks. This study systematically studied the effects of different discharge media during solution treatment on discharge time, gas generation, electrolyte leakage, metal dissolution, etc., analyzed the change law of gas-liquid-solid three-phase composition, explored the discharge path mechanism of lithium-ion batteries, and clarified the evaluation and control methods of discharge process resources, environment, and safety. An intrinsically safe and efficient discharge technique is further constructed. It is found that the decrease of residual voltage of lithium-ion battery during chemical discharge is mainly caused by three paths: electrolytic water, electrolyte leakage and battery short circuit heat release. The positive and negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries produce oxygen and hydrogen respectively during the early water electrolysis process, and then the competitive reaction of electrochemical corrosion or external short circuit of metal deposition occurs, and the metal dissolution and electrolyte leakage process occur successively. Through the evaluation of different discharge media, it is found that a sodium sulfate solution based on electrolyzed water with a very small amount of electrolyte dissolved out is optimal. Using the electricity release path as a guide, it solved the problems of large amounts of electrolyte leakage and heavy metal dissolution during the solution discharge process from the source. It provides effective support for the efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: spent lithium-ion battery, discharge path, electrolysis, corrosion, process control, evaluate

摘要:

随着新能源汽车迅猛发展,废锂离子电池资源化回收受到广泛关注,放电是废锂离子电池循环利用过程的重要环节。当前主要采用氯化钠溶液浸泡放电,导致大量含重金属、高有机物废液排放,处理成本高,且存在严重的环境与安全隐患。系统研究了溶液处理过程不同放电介质对放电时间、气体产生、电解液泄漏、金属溶出等的影响,探明了气液固三相组成变化规律,并对锂离子电池的电量释放路径机制进行了探索,明确了放电过程资源环境安全评价与控制方法,进一步构建了本征安全的高效放电技术。发现以电解水为主伴随极少量电解液溶出的硫酸钠溶液最优,以电量释放路径为引导从源头上解决了溶液放电过程大量电解液泄漏以及重金属溶出等问题,为实现废锂离子电池高效循环利用提供了有效支撑。

关键词: 废锂离子电池, 放电路径, 电解, 腐蚀, 过程控制, 评价

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