Study on precooling temperature and pressure characteristics of 4 KJoule-Thomson cryocooler

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190144

Abstract

Abstract:

Space 4 K Joule-Thomson (JT) throttling cooling is one of the key technologies for deep space exploration missions. Based on the existing experimental system of a precooled 4 K JT cryocooler, the effects of the precooling temperature and the high pressure on the maximum cooling capacity are analyzed theoretically. Then, the optimal precooling temperature and high pressure under different working conditions are involved. The experimental studies are developed to verify the theoretical calculations. The maximum cooling performance were tested under five different high pressures (0.829 MPa, 1.103 MPa, 1.775 MPa, 1.837 MPa, and 2.154 MPa) at the final pre-cooling temperature of 15 K and three different pre-cooling temperatures (11.5 K, 15.0 K and 18.0 K) at high pressure 1.773 MPa. The trend of the experimental results is in good agreement with the theoretical values. The study on the influence of precooling temperature and pressure characteristics will be helpful for optimizing the coupling matching of the compressor and precooling cooler for the 4 K JT system.

Key words: JT, liquid helium, precooling temperature, pressure

摘要：

空间4 K JT节流制冷是实现深空探测任务的关键技术之一。基于4 K温区开式节流制冷机实验台，理论分析末级预冷温度及高压压力对理论最大制冷量的影响，给出不同工况下最优末级预冷温度及最优高压压力的选择。开展实验测试验证理论计算。分别测试了末级预冷温度为15 K时，五种高压压力（0.829、1.103、1.775、1.837和2.154 MPa）以及高压压力1.773 MPa时三种不同预冷温度（11.5、15.0和18.0 K）下的最大制冷性能，实验结果变化趋势与理论值吻合较好。预冷温度及压力特性影响研究为后续节流系统整体压缩机及预冷机最优状态耦合匹配奠定基础。

关键词: JT, 液氦温区, 预冷温度, 压力

CLC Number:

TB 661

Caiqian DONG, Shaoshuai LIU, Zhenhua JIANG, Yihao TANG, Zhenzhi XIANG, Xiaoyu CUI, Yinong WU. Study on precooling temperature and pressure characteristics of 4 KJoule-Thomson cryocooler[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4528-4535.

董彩倩, 刘少帅, 蒋珍华, 汤逸豪, 向振之, 崔晓钰, 吴亦农. 4 K节流制冷机预冷温度及压力特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4528-4535.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of GM/JT cryocooler

Fig.2 JT unit and P-h diagram

Fig.3 P-h diagram of JT throttling core unit under different upper pre-cooling conditions

Fig.4 P-h diagram of JT throttling core unit under different high pressure conditions

Fig.5 Effect of Ta on refrigeration capacity at different high pressure

Fig.6 Effect of Ph on refrigeration capacity at different pre-cooling temperatures

Fig.7 GM/JT throttling experiment device working at liquid helium temperature

Fig.8 Temperature change of JT unit with different heating loads

Fig.9 Cooling capacity under different high pressure pressure while Ta =15.0 K

Fig.10 Cooling capacity at different upper pre-cooling temperatures while Ph=1.773 MPa

References 28

1	甘智华, 陶轩, 刘东立, 等. 日本空间液氦温区低温技术的发展现状[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2015, 49(10): 1821-1835.
	Gan Z H, Tao X, Liu D L, et al. Status of cryogenic technology development in the space liquid helium temperature zone in Japan[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2015, 49(10): 1821-1835.
2	甘智华, 王博, 刘东立, 等. 空间液氦温区机械式制冷技术发展现状及趋势[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2012, 46(12): 2160-2177.
	Gan Z H, Wang B, Liu D L, et al. Status and trend of mechanical refrigeration technology in space liquid helium temperature zone[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2012, 46(12): 2160-2177.
3	刘东立, 申运伟, 甘智华. 空间4 K温区预冷型 JT 制冷机研究进展及关键技术分析[J]. 低温工程, 2017, (2): 1-9.
	Liu D L, Shen Y W, Gan Z H. Research progress and key technical analysis of pre-cooled JT refrigerator in space 4 K temperature zone[J]. Cryogenics, 2017, (2): 1-9.
4	Salomonovich A E, Sidyakina T M, Khaikin A S, et al. Space helium refrigerator[J]. Cryogenics, 1981, 21(8): 474-478.
5	Arkhipov V T, Getmanets V F, Levin A Y, et al. Long-life5-10K space cryocooler system with cold accumulator[C]// Cryocoolers 10. Monterey, California, 2002: 529-534.
6	Bradshaw T W, Orlowska A H. A 4 K mechanical refrigerator for space applications[C]// Proceedings of the 3rd European Symposium on Space Thermal Control & Support Systems. Noordwihk: European Space Agency, 1988: 393-397.
7	Jones B, Ramsay D. Qualification of a 4 K mechanical cooler for space applications[C]// Cryocoolers 8.Vail: Plenum Press, 1995: 525-535.
8	Bradshaw T W, Orlowska A H, Hieatt J. Development status of a2.5 K—4 K closed-cycle cooler suitable for space use[C]// Cryocoolers 8.Vail: Plenum Press, 1995: 517-524.
9	Bradshaw T W, Orlowska A H. Technology developments on the 4 K cooling system for Planck and FIRST[C]// Proceeding of 6th European Symposium on Space Environmental Control Systems. Netherlands, 1997: 465-470.
10	Collaudin B, Passvogel T. The FIRST and Planck ‘Carrier missions. Description of the cryogenic systems[J]. Cryogenics, 1999, 39(2): 157-165.
11	Narasaki K, Tsunematsu S, Yajima S, et al. Development of cryogenic system for SMILES[C]// Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Anchorage, Alaska: American Institute of Physics, 2004: 1785-1796.
12	Narasaki K, Tsunematsu S, Ootsuka K, et al. Lifetime test and heritage on orbit of coolers for space use[J]. Cryogenics, 2012, 52(4): 188-195.
13	Sugita H, Sato Y, Nakagawa T, et al. Cryogenic system for the infrared space telescope SPICA[C]// Proceeding of SPIE. Marseille, France, 2008, 7010: 1-9.
14	Shinozaki K, Sugita H, Sato Y, et al. Developments of1—4K class space mechanical coolers for new generation satellite missions in JAXA[C]// Cryocoolers 16. Atlanta, Georgia, 2011: 1-9.
15	Shirron P J, Kimball M O, James B L, et al. Design and on-orbit operation of the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator on the ASTRO-H soft X-ray spectrometer instrument[C]// Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016.United Kingdom, 2016.
16	Quan J, Zhou Z J, Lilt Y J. A miniature liquid helium temperature JT cryocooler for space application[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2014, 57: 2236-2240.
17	马跃学, 王娟, 刘彦杰, 等. 空间预冷型J-T节流制冷机热力学流程优化研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2016, 37(11): 2282-2287.
	Ma Y X, Wang J, Liu Y J, et al. Study on the thermodynamic process optimization of space pre-cooled J-T throttle chillers[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2016, 37(11): 2282-2287.
18	Kimble R A, Davila P S, Diaz C E, et al. The integration and test program of the James Webb Space Telescope [C]// Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012: 84422K.
19	Hines D C, Hammel H B, Lunine J I, et al. The James Webb Space Telescope: solar system science[C]// American Astronomical Society Meeting. 2013.
20	Banks K, Larson M, Aymergen C, et al. James Webb Space Telescope Mid-infrared Instrument cooler systems engineering[J]. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2008, 7017: 70170A.
21	Lundquist R A, Balzano V, Davila P, et al. Status of the James Webb Space Telescope integrated science instrument module[C]// Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared and Millimeter Wave. 2012: 84422M.
22	Holmes W, Chui T, Johnson D, et al. Cooling systems for far-infrared telescopes and instruments[C]// Proceedings of NASA Science and Technology Conference. 2007.
23	Durand D, Colbert R, Jaco C, et al. Mid infrared instrument(MIRI) cooler subsystem prototype demonstration[C]// Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. American Institute of Physics, 2008: 807-814.
24	Durand D, Raab J, Colbert R, et al. NGST advanced cryocooler technology development program (ACTDP) cooler system[C]// Weisendii J G. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. American Institute of Physics, 2006: 615-622.
25	Petach M, Durand D, Michaelian M, et al. MIRI cooler system design update[C]// Miller S D, Ross Jr R G. Cryocoolers. Boulder, CO: Springer Science & Business Media, 2011: 9-12.
26	刘东立, 吴镁, 汪伟伟, 等. 詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜低温制冷系统的发展历程[J]. 低温工程, 2013, (6): 56-62.
	Liu D L, Wu M, Wang W W, et al. The development of the cryogenic refrigeration system of the James Webb Space Telescope[J]. Cryogenics, 2013, (6): 56-62.
27	Liu D, Gan Z, De Waele A T A M, et al. Temperature and mass-flow behavior of a He-4 Joule-Thomson cryocooler[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 109: 1094-1099.
28	Liu D, Gan Z, Tao X, et al. Preliminary experimental study on a precooled JT cryocooler working at 4K-open cycle[C]// Cryocoolers 19. San Diego, California, 2016: 377-383.

[1]	He JIANG, Junfei YUAN, Lin WANG, Guyu XING. Experimental study on the effect of flow sharing cavity structure on phase change flow characteristics in microchannels [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 235-244.
[2]	Lizhi WANG, Qiancheng HANG, Yeling ZHENG, Yan DING, Jiaji CHEN, Qing YE, Jinlong LI. Separation of methyl propionate + methanol azeotrope using ionic liquid entrainers [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(9): 3731-3741.
[3]	Linjing YUE, Yihan LIAO, Yuan XUE, Xuejie LI, Yuxing LI, Cuiwei LIU. Study on influence of pit defects on cavitation flow characteristics of throat of thick orifice plates [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3292-3308.
[4]	Ao ZHANG, Yingwu LUO. Low modulus, high elasticity and high peel adhesion acrylate pressure sensitive adhesives [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 3079-3092.
[5]	Jinming GAO, Yujiao GUO, Chenglin E, Chunxi LU. Study on the separation characteristics of a downstream gas-liquid vortex separator in a closed hood [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2957-2966.
[6]	Zhihang ZHENG, Junnan MA, Zihan YAN, Chunxi LU. Study on the pressure pulsation characteristics in jet influence zone of riser [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2335-2350.
[7]	Enzhe BI, Shuangxi LI, Lianxiang SHA, Dengyu LIU, Kaifang CHEN. Multi-objective optimization analysis of high temperature dynamic pressure split ring seal parameters [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2565-2579.
[8]	Xiaoxuan WANG, Xiaohong HU, Yunan LU, Shiyong WANG, Fengxian FAN. Numerical simulation of flow characteristics in a rotating membrane filter [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1489-1498.
[9]	Zichao WU, Zhilei WANG, Rongye LI, Kexin LI, Min HUA, Xuhai PAN, Sanming WANG, Juncheng JIANG. Study on the effect of ignition mode on overpressure of underexpanded hydrogen jet explosion [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1409-1418.
[10]	Jianzhao BAI, Zixuan GUO, Dewu WANG, Yan LIU, Ruojin WANG, Meng TANG, Shaofeng ZHANG. Effect of roll on pressure drop in concurrent gas-liquid columns with tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 707-720.
[11]	Yanfang YU, Huanchen LIU, Huibo MENG, Litu LIU, Yu LI, Jianhua WU. Experimental investigation of turbulent dispersion and hydrodynamic behavior of bubble in Lightnin static mixer [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(8): 3565-3575.
[12]	Wenting DUAN, Siyue REN, Xiao FENG, Yufei WANG. Distillation column pressure optimization integrated with the heat exchanger network [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(5): 2052-2059.
[13]	Jie XU, Shurong YU, Xuexing DING, Haitao JIANG, Junhua DING. Analysis of floating foil gas seal performance based on bump foil deformation [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(5): 2083-2093.
[14]	Ye WANG, Wanyu ZHANG, Bin WANG, Rui ZHUAN, Feng REN, Aifeng CAI, Guang YANG, Jingyi WU. Analytical model of bubble point pressure for metal wire screens and experimental validation [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1102-1110.
[15]	Chenyang ZHU, Xiangyang LIU, Maogang HE, Guangjin CHEN. Viscosity estimation of fluid mixtures based on Eyring's absolute rate theory [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(11): 4826-4837.