Evolution mechanism of water freezing phase interface in porous media at mesoscale

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221233

Abstract

Abstract:

Heat and mass transfer problems in the freezing process of water in porous media generally exist in the fields of engineering in cold region, food freezing and preservation, construction, and pavement freeze-thaw damage. In this study, the evolution mechanism of water freezing phase interface in porous media is studied at the mesoscale by experiments and simulations. Firstly, the evolution of phase interface and temperature field during water freezing in microchannels with pore radius of 500 μm was studied by unidirectional freezing experiment. Then, the effects of boundary temperature, pore space and pore structure on the evolution of phase interface and water freezing rate were studied through numerical simulation. The results show that the relative curvature of the phase interface decreases with the decrease of pore radius. In the channel, the relative curvature decreases firstly and then increases, making the phase change from concave to convex. The temperature in the channel decreases quickly and then slowly with time, and the rate is related to the temperature gradient. Supercooling causes the formation of supercooled zone between 0℃ isotherm and phase interface. The smaller the pore space is, the stronger the sudden temperature gradient in the pore channel is, which hinders heat transfer. Among the four pore structures studied in this paper, the circular straight-row has the highest freezing rate.

Key words: mesoscale, porous media, freezing, capillary force, phase interface

摘要：

多孔介质内水冻结过程的传热传质问题普遍存在于寒区工程、食品冷冻保鲜和建筑、路面冻融破坏等领域。本研究在介观尺度下对多孔介质内水结冰相界面的演化机理进行了实验与模拟研究。首先通过单向冻结实验，研究了孔隙半径500 μm微孔道内水冻结过程中相界面及温度场演变规律。然后通过数值模拟，研究了边界温度、孔隙间距、孔隙结构对相界面演变规律和水冻结速率的影响。结果表明，相界面相对曲率随孔隙半径减小而减小，在孔道中，相对曲率先减小后增大，使相界面从凹形向凸形变化。孔道内温度随时间下降先快后慢，其速率与温度梯度有关。过冷引起0℃等温线与相界面之间过冷带的形成。孔隙间距越小，孔道内的温度梯度突跃越剧烈，阻碍传热。在本文研究的四种孔隙结构中，圆形直排冻结速率最大。

关键词: 介观尺度, 多孔介质, 冻结, 毛细力, 相界面

CLC Number:

TK 124

Wensong WANG, Yingying YANG, Zhoulin CHEN, Qingyu YANG, Shuaihua LI, Weidong WU. Evolution mechanism of water freezing phase interface in porous media at mesoscale[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(12): 5343-5354.

王文松, 杨英英, 陈周林, 杨晴雨, 李帅华, 武卫东. 介观尺度下多孔介质内水结冰相界面演化机制研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5343-5354.

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Schematic of ice-water phase interface

Fig.2 System diagram and object diagram of unidirectional freezing experiment

Table 1 Parameters of equipment

仪器名称	品牌型号	关键参数
红外热像仪	FLIR A655sc	分辨率：640×480 热灵敏度：＜30 mK 测温精度：±2%
近焦红外镜头	FLIR T198066	最小分辨率：25 µm
CCD相机	DMK 33UX264	分辨率：2448×2048 像素尺寸：3.45 µm 帧速率：38 fps
显微镜头	NAVITAR zoom 6000	放大倍率：0.35×~2.25× 工作距离：175 mm
低温恒温槽	上海比朗DC-0506	温度波动：±0.05℃ 温控精度：0.01℃

Fig.3 Structural diagram of the tested porous resin micro model

Fig.4 Dimension diagram of four pore structures

Fig.5 Boundary conditions of physical model of pore structure

Table 2 Physical parameters of model

参数	符号	数值
多孔树脂表面张力系数	σ	0.07 N/m
相变温度	T_pc	273.15 K
相变潜热	L	333 kJ/kg

Fig.6 Comparison of temperature simulation results and experimental results at the same position during freezing

Fig.7 Variation of pore radius and capillary pressure with relative position in microporous channel

Fig.8 Schematic of frozen surface change

Fig.9 Change law of relative curvature of freezing surface

Fig.10 Temperature change of microporous channel during freezing

Fig.11 Temperature variation of measuring points with time in unidirectional freezing experiment

Fig.12 Evolution of temperature field in single channel of unidirectional freezing experiment

Fig.13 The temperature field and the phase interface cloud Contour at 300 s (boundary temperature -15℃)

Fig.14 Temperature change of different boundary temperatures at the same position

Fig.15 Temperature gradient versus time

Fig.16 Histogram of average freezing rate at different boundary temperatures

Fig.17 Temperature variation with time in different pore spacing

Fig.18 Variation of temperature gradient of single channel with relative position

Fig.19 Histogram of average freezing rate under different pore spacing

Fig.20 Histogram of average freezing rate under different pore structures

Fig.21 Partial diagram of pore channel for temperature field of different pore structures

References 28

1	崔宏环, 秦晓鹏, 王文涛, 等. 冻融条件下非饱和路基土的强度及微观特性研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2019, 41(5): 1115-1121.
	Cui H H, Qin X P, Wang W T, et al. Study on the strength and microscopic characteristics of unsaturated subgrade soil under freezing-thawing conditions[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2019, 41(5): 1115-1121.
2	吴道勇, 赖远明, 马勤国, 等. 季节冻土区水盐迁移及土体变形特性模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 37(2): 465-476.
	Wu D Y, Lai Y M, Ma Q G, et al. Model test study of water and salt migration and deformation characteristics in seasonally frozen soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 37(2): 465-476.
3	刘杰, 奚家米, 贾海梁, 等. 冻融作用下岩石-混凝土界面损伤研究进展[J]. 低温建筑技术, 2022, 44(4): 25-29.
	Liu J, Xi J M, Jia H L, et al. Research progress on damage of rock-concrete interface under freeze-thaw action[J]. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2022, 44(4): 25-29.
4	李方方, 刘静, 乐恺. 细胞尺度冰晶生长行为的相场数值模拟[J]. 低温物理学报, 2008, 30(2): 171-175.
	Li F F, Liu J, Yue K. Numerical simulation on ice crystal formulation in cellular level based on phase field theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2008, 30(2): 171-175.
5	赵金红, 胡锐, 刘冰, 等. 几种冷冻新技术对食品冻结过程中冰晶形成的影响[J]. 食品与机械, 2012, 28(6): 241-245.
	Zhao J H, Hu R, Liu B, et al. Effect of novel freezing technologies on ice crystals during food freezing[J]. Food ＆ Machinery, 2012, 28(6): 241-245.
6	苏格毅. 食品在冷冻过程中冰晶生长的数值模拟[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨商业大学, 2022.
	Su G Y. Numerical simulation of ice crystal growth in foodstuffs during freezing[D]. Harbin: Harbin University of Commerce, 2022.
7	张雪. 基于光伏的复合蓄冰储能系统研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2022.
	Zhang X. Research on composite ice storage system based on PV[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2022.
8	Ibrahim N I, Khan M M A, Mahbubul I M, et al. Experimental testing of the performance of a solar absorption cooling system assisted with ice-storage for an office space[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017, 148: 1399-1408.
9	Ma W, Cheng G D, Wu Q B. Construction on permafrost foundations: lessons learned from the Qinghai-Tibet railroad[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2009, 59(1): 3-11.
10	蔡德钩. 高速铁路季节性冻土路基冻胀时空分布规律试验[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2016, 37(3): 16-21.
	Cai D G. Test on frost heaving spatial-temporal distribution of high speed railway subgrade in seasonal frozen soil region[J]. China Railway Science, 2016, 37(3): 16-21.
11	杨高升, 白冰, 姚晓亮, 等. 非饱和冻土水汽迁移与相变过程的光滑粒子法模拟[J]. 岩土力学, 2021, 42(1): 291-300.
	Yang G S, Bai B, Yao X L, et al. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics for simulation of water vapor migration and phase change in unsaturated frozen soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2021, 42(1): 291-300.
12	宋文宇, 李炳熙, 付忠斌, 等. 足尺加速加载试验环境系统路基内部温度场的数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(S2): 173-177.
	Song W Y, Li B X, Fu Z B, et al. Numerical simulation of temperature field of roadbed of full size accelerated loading system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2010, 61(S2): 173-177.
13	Chang D, Lai Y M, Zhang M Y. A meso-macroscopic constitutive model of frozen saline sandy soil based on homogenization theory[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2019, 159: 246-259.
14	Wang P, Liu E L, Song B T, et al. Binary medium creep constitutive model for frozen soils based on homogenization theory[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2019, 162: 35-42.
15	胡坤鹏. 青藏高原冻土地区支挡结构土压力分析及减载措施研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2012.
	Hu K P. Analysis of soil pressure on retaining structures and research on pressure-reducing measures in frozen soil region of Qinghai-Tibet plateau[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2012.
16	马钦. 孔隙尺度下冻土冻胀特性的数值模拟及实验研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2017.
	Ma Q. Numerical and experimental study on frost heave characteristics of frozen soils at pore scale[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2017.
17	Løvoll G, Méheust Y, Måløy K J, et al. Competition of gravity, capillary and viscous forces during drainage in a two-dimensional porous medium, a pore scale study[J]. Energy, 2005, 30(6): 861-872.
18	Fen-Chong T, Fabbri A, Azouni A. Transient freezing-thawing phenomena in water-filled cohesive porous materials[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2006, 46(1): 12-26.
19	Everett D H. The thermodynamics of frost damage to porous solids[J]. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1961, 57: 1541.
20	Gharedaghloo B, Berg S J, Sudicky E A. Water freezing characteristics in granular soils: insights from pore-scale simulations[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 2020, 143: 103681.
21	刘正明. 冻结缘中未冻水迁移的微尺度研究[J]. 甘肃水利水电技术, 2014, 50(2): 22-25.
	Liu Z M. Microscale study of unfrozen water migration in frozen edge[J]. Gansu Water Resources and Hydropower Technology, 2014, 50(2): 22-25.
22	Gawin D, Pesavento F, Koniorczyk M, et al. Poro-mechanical model of strain hysteresis due to cyclic water freezing in partially saturated porous media[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2020, 206: 322-339.
23	Wu D Y, Lai Y M, Zhang M Y. Heat and mass transfer effects of ice growth mechanisms in a fully saturated soil[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 86: 699-709.
24	Lin T, Quan X J, Cheng P, et al. Interaction between nanoparticles and advancing ice-water interfaces: a molecular dynamics simulation[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 163: 120412.
25	李伟斌, 宋超, 易贤, 等. 动态结冰孔隙结构三维建模方法[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(3): 1009-1017.
	Li W B, Song C, Yi X, et al. 3-D modeling method of porous structure for dynamic icing[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(3): 1009-1017.
26	Clausius R. On a mechanical theorem applicable to heat[M]//Kinetic Theory. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1965: 172-178.
27	Zhou J Z, Wei C F. Ice lens induced interfacial hydraulic resistance in frost heave[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2020, 171: 102964.
28	Fen-Chong T, Fabbri A. Freezing and thawing porous media: experimental study with a dielectric capacitive method[J]. Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 2005, 333(5):425-430.

[1]	Xiaoqing ZHOU, Chunyu LI, Guang YANG, Aifeng CAI, Jingyi WU. Icing kinetics and mechanism of droplet impinging on supercooled corrugated plates with different curvature [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 141-153.
[2]	Keke SHAO, Mengjie SONG, Zhengyong JIANG, Xuan ZHANG, Long ZHANG, Runmiao GAO, Zekang ZHEN. Experimental study on the formation and distribution of trapped air bubbles in horizontal ice slice [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 161-164.
[3]	Hongxin YU, Shuangquan SHAO. Simulation analysis of water crystallization process [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 250-258.
[4]	Xiaoyu JIA, Jian YANG, Bo WANG, Mei LIN, Qiuwang WANG. Pore scale numerical simulations for wicking performance of metallic woven mesh [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(5): 1928-1938.
[5]	Xiangning HU, Yuanbo YIN, Chen YUAN, Yun SHI, Cuiwei LIU, Qihui HU, Wen YANG, Yuxing LI. Experimental study on visualization of refined oil migration in soil [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1827-1835.
[6]	Huizhu YANG, Jingling LAN, Yue YANG, Jialin LIANG, Chuanwen LYU, Yonggang ZHU. Experimental study on thermal performance of high power flat heat pipe [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1561-1569.
[7]	Zhiguang QIAN, Yue FAN, Shixue WANG, Like YUE, Jinshan WANG, Yu ZHU. Effect of purging conditions on the impedance relaxation phenomenon and low temperature start-up of PEMFC [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1286-1293.
[8]	Pei WANG, Rongkuo WEI. Thermal-mass nonequilibrium model for water splitting hydrogen production by solar thermochemical cycle of porous cerium oxide [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(7): 2885-2894.
[9]	Bo MENG, Yanping LIU, Xinke JIANG, Yifan HAN. The scale regulation of Fe₅C₂-MnO _x and their catalytic performance for the preparation of olefins from syngas [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2677-2689.
[10]	Mo ZHENG, Xiaoxia LI. Revealing reaction compromise in competition for volatile radicals during coal pryolysis via ReaxFF MD simulation [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2732-2741.
[11]	Tienan LI, Bidan ZHAO, Peng ZHAO, Yongmin ZHANG, Junwu WANG. CFD-DEM simulation of the force acting on immersed baffles during the start-up stage of a gas-solid fluidized bed [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2649-2661.
[12]	Liyuan LI, Jianqiang WANG, Yi CHEN, Youdi GUO, Jian ZHOU, Zhicheng LIU, Yangdong WANG, Zaiku XIE. Study on the mesoscale mechanism of coking and deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst in methanol to propylene reaction [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2669-2676.
[13]	Yanran ZHU, Liang GE, Xingya LI, Tongwen XU. Construction and application of three-phase ionic exchange membranes [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2397-2414.
[14]	Ming JIANG, Qiang ZHOU. Progress on mechanisms of mesoscale structures and mesoscale drag model in gas-solid fluidized beds [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2468-2485.
[15]	Li NIU, Mengxi LIU, Haibei WANG. Hydrodynamic of mesoscale flow structure in dense phase fluidized bed [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2622-2635.