Abstract:

Ionic exchange membranes of three-phase structure including inert phase, ionic exchange group phase, and auxiliary functional group phase, are a kind of novel membrane materials. Traditional ionic membranes of two-phase structure are limited by the trade-off effect, and it is difficult to simultaneously improve the flux and selectivity. Therefore, researchers have been focused on the study of novel three-phase structure membranes to optimize ion transport pathway. In this paper, we summarize the development of ionic exchange membranes from two-phase to three-phase structure and describe three-phase structure membranes constructed from the micro-phase separation, polymers of intrinsic micropores, organic silane molecules, graphene oxide and metal organic frameworks. We highlight the mesoscale structure in ionic exchange membranes, including phase structure, pore structure and defects, as well as the application of these membranes in fuel cells, redox flow batteries, mono-/di-valent ion separation, and acid/alkali recovery. In order to provide strategies for improving the performance of ion exchange membranes by designing the three-phase structure.

Key words: ionic exchange membranes, two-phase structure, three-phase structure, mesoscale, ion transport, ion selectivity

摘要：

三相结构离子交换膜是一类具有惰性相、离子交换基团相和辅助功能基团相的特殊结构材料。传统两相结构离子交换膜受限于离子通量和选择性的相互制约，难以实现两者同步提升。因此，研究者开始关注新型三相结构，以改善离子传质路径。综述了离子交换膜从两相结构到三相结构的发展，介绍了微相分离离子交换膜、自具微孔离子交换膜、有机硅烷杂化离子交换膜和基于氧化石墨烯或金属有机框架的“三相”结构离子交换膜，讨论了离子膜介尺度中的相结构、孔道结构和缺陷等问题，并概述了三相结构在燃料电池、液流电池、一/二价离子分离和酸碱回收等领域所发挥的作用，以期给三相结构指导离子交换膜制备并提升性能提供策略参考。

关键词: 离子交换膜, 两相结构, 三相结构, 介尺度, 离子传递, 离子选择性