Abstract:

In order to develop a novel explosion suppression material with excellent performance, low cost, and environmental friendliness, zeolite was chosen as the base material. Based on the elementary reaction of ethylene explosion, two types of silane coupling agents, namely, amino propyl trimethoxy silane and vinyl trimethoxy silane, were selected to modify the surface of zeolite. The modified zeolite's ability to suppress ethylene explosion overpressure and flame propagation was studied by using a 20 L spherical explosive apparatus and a 5 L pipeline explosive apparatus. The experimental results showed that the silane coupling agents were successfully grafted onto the zeolite surface by using a hydrolysis method, resulting in the synthesis of amino propyl-modified zeolite and vinyl-modified zeolite. Under the same conditions, the zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, and vinyl zeolite dust with concentration of 1500 g·m^-3 can make the explosion pressure of ethylene with concentration of 6.5%(vol) reduce 31.40%, 42.05%, and 43.43%, respectively, and make the explosion pressure rise rate reduce 63.36%, 91.22%, and 92.40%, respectively. The zeolite, aminopropyl zeolite, and vinyl zeolite dust with concentration of 900 g·m^-3 can significantly reduce the 6.5% ethylene explosion flame brightness and flame structure continuity, and reduce the average flame propagation speed by 60.46%, 92.23%, and 93.16%, respectively. In contrast, modified zeolite has a more significant inhibitory effect on ethylene explosion overpressure and flame, that is, modified zeolite has better ethylene explosion suppression performance, and vinyl zeolite has better suppression performance than aminopropyl zeolite. Finally, based on the thermolysis characteristics of zeolite and modified zeolites, as well as the elementary reaction of ethylene explosion, the inhibitory mechanism of the modified zeolites on ethylene explosion was analyzed from both physical and chemical perspectives.

Key words: zeolite, powders, safety, silane coupling agent, ethylene explosion, explosion suppression

摘要：

为研发抑制性能优异且廉价环保的新型乙烯抑爆材料，以沸石为基材，根据乙烯爆炸基元反应，选取氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷两种硅烷偶联剂对沸石进行表面改性，并采用20 L球形爆炸装置及5 L管道爆炸装置研究了改性后沸石对乙烯爆炸超压和火焰传播抑制性能。实验结果表明：采用水解法可将硅烷偶联剂接枝在沸石表面，成功制得氨丙基沸石和乙烯基沸石。相同条件下，浓度为1500 g·m^-3的沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石可使浓度为6.5%（体积分数）的乙烯爆炸压力分别降低31.40%、42.05%、43.43%，爆炸压力上升速率分别降低63.36%、91.22%、92.40%。浓度为900 g·m^-3的沸石、氨丙基沸石、乙烯基沸石均可显著降低浓度为6.5%的乙烯爆炸火焰亮度和火焰结构连续性，并使火焰平均传播速度分别降低60.46%、92.23%、93.16%。相比之下，改性沸石对乙烯爆炸超压和火焰的抑制作用更为显著，即改性沸石具有更为优异的乙烯爆炸抑制性能，且乙烯基沸石抑制性能优于氨丙基沸石。结合沸石及改性沸石热解特性及乙烯爆炸基元反应，从物理和化学两个方面分析了改性沸石对乙烯爆炸的抑制机理。

关键词: 沸石, 粉体, 安全, 硅烷偶联剂, 乙烯爆炸, 爆炸抑制