The adsorption of asymmetrical di-block copolymer on stripe-patterned surfaces has been investigated by off-lattice Monte Carlo（MC）simulation.The results showed that the polymer-surface binding of asymmetrical di-block copolymer was the same as symmetrical di-block copolymer proceeding in two steps;i.e.,adsorption and recognition.With studies on the configuration of polymers;the mean-square radius of gyration along z axis was always smaller than that along x or y axis regardless of the width of stripes.It was shown that tails firstly increasd and then kept unchanged with increasing adsorption energy when the width of stripes slit was fixed.When adsorption energy was fixed;tails increased with increasing number of stripes.Loops had a small trend to descend when the width of stripes was larger.But the downtrend of loops increased rapidly with narrower stripe width.

The calculation of phase equilibrium with or without chemical reaction is an important problem in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering.One formulation of this problem is the minimization of Gibbs free energy with constraints.The often-used method, sequence quadratic programming(SQP)is easily trapped in the local point and depends on the initial point despite its quick convergence.The artificial immune system(AIS)is able to find the global point, but its local searching is poor and finding the trace solution is difficult.In this paper, a hybrid artificial immune system(HAIS) is constructed by making use of the advantages of AIS and SQP and adding the SQP operation to the AIS method.In order to quickly get the feasible solution or antibody and shorten the run time of HAIS, the variables of mole were transformed to the new variables of mole fraction,and an appropriate strategy is employed in dealing with the constraints.The antibodies are based on the basic feasible solution.Its performance is better than other methods, such as SQP and AIS ,as shown by analyzing several phase equilibrium cases.

A three-dimensional non-isothermal numerical model was developed for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with conventional and interdigitated flow fields.The heat and mass transfers and the electrochemical reactions of reactant gases in fuel cells were included in the model.The investigation was concentrated on the electro-osmotic drag and the diffusion effects of liquid water in the membrane, and the species transport in porous media.The effects of transport limit of oxygen and water transport in the membrane on the cell performance were analyzed and discussed.The results indicated that the interdigitated design of flow channel enhanced the mass transport of gases in porous media and improved the output performance of fuel cell.However, the reduction of water at the interface of cathode catalyst layer could deteriorate the hydration degree of membrane, which required more effective water management to keep the membrane from dehydration.

Several inverse analysis methods were used to estimate linearly dependent thermal conductivity components of an orthotropic solid.The solutions of inverse heat conduction problems by using Bayesian approach, genetic algorithms and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm were compared.The inverse solution of estimating thermal conductivity components were obtained by computing the expectations of the posterior probability density functions of the thermal conductivity components.Genetic algorithm is a relatively new technique for optimization and estimation.This technique can also be applied to solving inverse problems.Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm can also be used to solve the nonlinear inverse problem of the parameter estimation.

Experimental study and numerical simulation were performed for the averaged flow field of two closely spaced opposed jets with hot wire anemometer（HWA）and CFD software and the simulation was compared with the measurement and approximate analytic solution in the literature.The results showed that the exit velocity profile of the single jet was top-hat distribution due to the presence of boundary layers.At L<2D（where L is nozzle separation and D is nozzle diameter），bimodal distribution of exit velocity profile，low in the middle and high on both sides，was present，while such bimodal distribution of exit velocity profile was absent at L=2D.With increasing nozzle separation，the stagnation point offset of the impinging plane increased.With the same velocity ratio，stagnation point offset of the nozzles with uniform profiles was larger than that with top-hat profiles.The approximate analytic solution of the flow field of two opposed jets in the literature was only valid for the nozzles with uniform exit velocity profiles and the prediction accuracy became worse for the nozzles with top-hat exit velocity profiles.

Numerical investigation was conducted to understand the dynamic mechanism and effect of shear layer on the mixing and combustion of supersonic flow in a supersonic combustor with cavities.The complex wave structure including shock wave，expansion wave and the interaction of shock wave with shear layer could effectively and significantly increase mixing; and the mass and momentum exchanges between backflow zones in the cavities and main flow would enhance the ignition and stabilization of combustion.

The gas-solid flow and mixing behavior in two dimensional downers with different entrance structures were simulated by using a CFD-DEM method.A gas-solid catalytic reaction model was incorporated in the governing equations to investigate the contact efficiency between phases.The simulations showed the dynamic and time-averaged flow structures characterized by the distributions of solids fraction, particle velocity and the reaction product in the whole downer as well as the residence time distributions (RTDs) of gas and solids, which were all heavily influenced by the design of the entrance structure.Non-ideal initial contact between gas and solids would cause wide RTDs of gas and worsen the reactor performance.

A model of particle mass flowrate was proposed to explore the quantitative relationship between acoustic emission (AE ) energy, superficial gas velocity, and particle mass flowrate, by using wavelet transform and based on the mechanism that AE signals with different characteristic frequency band energies are emitted when the particles with different velocities impact with the wall.The system of air and polyethylene particles were used as an example and investigated in the superficial gas velocity range from 4.62 m·s-1 to 6.35 m·s-1 and with four kinds of single size LLDPE particles 0.84 mm, 0.59 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.21 mm in size respectively.AE signals were analyzed by using 7 scales wavelet transform in the frequency range from 0 to 500 kHz.It was found that the ratio of the characteristic frequency band energy to the square of the superficial gas velocity varied linearly with particle mass flowrate.Based upon the proposed model for predicting mass flowrate of single size particles, and according to the principle that the AE energy of multi-size particles is a linear superposition of the AE energies of single size particles, the prediction model for multi-size particles was obtained.The average absolute relative error between the values calculated with the prediction model and the experimental values obtained by weighing the polyethylene particles was 4.15 %.Therefore, this model could predict particle mass flowrate in an environmentally friendly way with fairly good accuracy.

Bubble coalescence time is an important parameter in the study of coalescence behavior.By eliminating the influence of growth speed on coalescence time，a new laser detecting system was developed and used for precise measurement.The effects of bubble size，approaching velocity，diffusion of organic component and addition of electrolyte and surfactant on bubble coalescence were investigated.The result showed that bubble coalescence time would increase with increasing bubble size，delaying aging time，decreasing approaching velocity and increasing organic components concentration.

The characteristics of pressure fluctuation in a standpipe at negative pressure gradient were investigated based on measurement in the gas-solid two-phase circulating fluidized bed(CFB).When the solid particles flowed downward from low pressure part to high pressure part in the standpipe, the particles compressed the gas entrained by them, which resulted in the instability of gas-solid two-phase flow.This instability was shown as pressure fluctuation, undulating particle velocity and uneven concentration.The range of pressure fluctuation was related to the negative pressure gradient in the standpipe.

A novel fast algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) was presented.The minimum norm solution was improved according to the nature of the inverse problems of ECT, and the stability of the numerical solution for the improvement was proved via the singular value decomposition principle.Some equations for further improvement of the reconstructed image were deduced by numerical optimization.Numerical experiments indicated that the improvement was efficient and the time of image reconstruction was similar to that of linear back-projection (LBP), however, the quality of the reconstructed image is better than other image reconstruction algorithms such as LBP, Tikhonov and Landweber algorithm.

Photocatalytic oxidation is a promising technique for drinking water treatment, but is still in the phase of laboratory or small scale test at the moment.The inadequacy of the data of organics photodegradation at trace concentration and the difficulty in detecting trace organics are two outstanding problems.In this work, the clustering analysis method was used according to the structure of organics and the sequencing of their photodegradation rate.The Freundlich kinetics model was used to establish the relations between different scales of organics concentrations, from relatively high concentration to trace or even ultra trace concentration, because there are abundant data of photodegradation at a relatively high concentration.Starting from these data, the combination of clustering analysis, sequencing and kinetics model could show adequate information of the photodegradation at trace concentration, which is critical in the treatment of drinking water.

As for the reformulation of FCC naphtha for olefin reduction over catalytic cracking catalysts, the reaction behavior was studied in a confined fluidized bed reactor.The influences of reaction temperature, catalyst to oil mass ratio and space velocity on product yields and octane number were investigated.The optimal operating conditions were obtained as follows: reaction temperature within 400—430℃, catalyst to oil mass ratio about 7 and space velocity about 20—30 h-1.The olefin content of FCC naphtha was significantly reduced by more than 40%,gasoline octane number was maintained, and the loss of fuel gas and coke was less than 2%(mass).Iso-paraffin and aromatics content was increased after reformulation.The reaction heat was also computed according to the product composition and its influence factors were analyzed.The results indicated that the process was exothermic at a low temperature and endothermic at a high temperature.The effects of reformulation conditions on the reaction heat was in the order of reaction temperature>catalyst to oil mass ratio>space velocity.

The formation of methane hydrate from a mixed system of ice powders（154—300 μm）and sand（154—300 μm）was studied at 6.9 MPa and different temperatures.Its formation mechanism was also analyzed, and thereafter a kinetic model was proposed.The results showed that the hydration rate of ice powders (α) decreased with temperature and was 65% at 273 K, 51% at 269 K, and 42% at 263 K.The formation process could be divided into two stages,absorption and transfer stage,diffusion-control stage.The activation energy estimated from these data was 70.1 kJ·mol^-1.

Using γ-Al2O3 as a support, a multiple-metal （Ni-Cu-Mn-K/Al2O3）catalyst for high- temperature water gas shift reaction was prepared by an equivalent-volumetric two-step impregnation method.Preparation parameters and reduction conditions were determined by TG, DTA and TPR characterization techniques.The results showed that, when loading ratio (Ni∶Cu∶Mn), impregnation time, and calcination temperature were 2∶1.5∶1, 300 min and 400℃ for the first-step impregnation respectively, loading of K+ was 5% in the second step impregnation, and reduction temperature was 400℃ and a proper amount of steam was added, the catalyst prepared in this work showed excellent catalytic performance and thermal stability, as compared with the existing commercial catalysts.Meanwhile, the ammonium-nitrogen wastewater produced with conventional preparation methods was eliminated with the eqivalent-volumetic impregnation method proposed in this work.

A series of MoO3/TiO2，K2O-MoO3/TiO2，V2O5-MoO3/TiO2，Al2O3-MoO3/TiO2 and K2O-V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 were prepared by the sol-gel method，and characterized with TEM，XRD and IR.The catalytic activity of oxydehydrogenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexene was tested.The results showed that MoO3 was distributed on the carrier of TiO2 with monolayer or/and multilayer.The Mo in the monolayer was bonded with O—Ti structure，and caused dissociation of the water molecules on the surface of TiO2，and the activity centre of Mo6+ and Mo—O- species were formed by means of activation to eliminate the hydroxyl group.For the multilayer structure the main active species were Mo[FY=，1]O and Mo—O-.A synergetic effect existed between the dehydrogenation centre and the oxygen-supply centre，and was affected by the addition of K，Al or V.

A coordinated ionic liquid ［3（CH3CH2）4N+Cl-·（NH2）2CO］ was synthesized from urea and tetraethyl ammonium chloride，and its structure was characterized by IR and XRD.The results showed that the IR absorption peak of carbonyl was at 1619.10 cm-1 compared with that of urea at 1690.72cm-1，which was due to reaction of urea and tetraethyl ammonium chloride.There was a new peak at 2θ=30.37° in the XRD pattern.The range of thermal stability is from room temperature to about 250℃，and is higher than other common organic solvents.

The decomposition kinetics of FeO^-2₄ in the aqueous NaOH solutions of 7.0 mol·L^-1, 10.0 mol·L^-1 and 14.0 mol·L^-1 were determined by spectrophotometry with and without ultrasonic action at 500 W and 25 kHz.The results showed that the decomposition followed first-order kinetics and the rate was faster with ultrasonic action than without ultrasonic action.The decomposition activation energies were 52.4 kJ·mol^-1, 70.5 kJ·mol^-1 and 91.5 kJ·mol^-1 without ultrasonic action, and 49.6 kJ·mol^-1, 66.6 kJ·mol^-1 and 85.9 kJ·mol^-1 with ultrasonic action, in the aqueous NaOH solutions of 7.0 mol·L^-1, 10.0 mol·L^-1 and 14.0 mol·L^-1respectively.The fact that the activation energies increased with increasing concentrations of NaOH indicated that FeO-4 was much stable in a higher concentration NaOH solution.The effect of ultrasound on the decomposition kinetics of FeO^-2₄ decreased with operating temperature.

Hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS）/ceramic composite membrane was prepared and used in the pervaporation of simulated fermentation components.The effects of the common components in ethanol fermentation;such as glucose（polyhydric aldehyde）;glycerol（organic polyol）;succinic acid（organic acid）and KCl（inorganic salts）;on the pervaporation performance of the composite membrane were investigated in detail.The results show that the addition of organic components to the 65 g·L-1 ethanol-water solution has little effect on the pervaporation performance while the addition of inorganic salts（KCl）made a little improvement of separation factor.The PDMS/ceramic membranes exhibited stable performance in these ternary systems with a high flux of 4.5—4.7 kg·m-2·h-1 and an acceptable ethanol/water separation factor of 8.3—10.3 at 333 K.

Using a new chitosan molecular imprinted adsorbent based on the mycelium of waste biomass（surface imprinted adsorbent）;the adsorption selectivity of the surface imprinted adsorbent for the template ion was studied.The results showed that;compared with the surface non-imprinted adsorbent;the adsorption capacity and rate for three ions（Ni+;Cr3+;Cu+）of the surface imprinted adsorbent with Ni+ as template ion increased considerably.In the presence of the template ion（Ni+）and other ions in solution;the adsorption capacity and selectivity for the template ion（Ni+）of the surface imprinted adsorbent were higher than those of another ion（such as Cr3+ or Cu+）.However compared with the surface non-imprinted adsorbent;the adsorption selectivity for the non-template ions（Cr3+ and Cu+）obviously decreased.

The particle deposition in suspension flow through the lattice percolation porous media was studied based on numerical simulation of the Stokes equations and the simplified particle trajectory equation.Numerical results indicated essential differences in the deposition process between homogeneous and fractal porous media.In the homogeneous porous media;the deposition process could be seen as homogeneous.The exponential relation between the particle-flow-out probability and the system size was only applicable to homogeneous porous media.While in fractal porous media;the deposition process was quite heterogeneous.The exponential relation could not be used in fractal porous media.

Acid-modified bentonite was used for the adsorption of low concentration ［BMIM］Cl ionic liquid solution.The effect of adsorption temperature;adsorption time and pH value of ionic liquid solution on the adsorption properties was investigated.Experimental results showed that acid-modified bentonite had good adsorption properties for the cation of ［BMIM］Cl ionic liquid.In the neutral solution;acid-modified bentonite had the maximum adsorption capacity for ［BMIM］Cl.The adsorption process of ［BMIM］Cl by acid-modified bentonite was exothermic and belonged to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption.At the same time;the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation was obtained and the correlation coefficient was larger than 0.99.

The adsorption of two acids, 5-amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic acid and hydrochloric acid from their solution onto weakly basic resin was investigated.The kinetics and isotherm were studied.The results indicated that the adsorption of 5-amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic acid and hydrochloric acid all obeyed Langmuir isotherm, and was in good agreement with the second-order kinetics and the first-order kinetics models, respectively, and the adsorption process was pore diffusion controlled.Sorptive afinity of 5-amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic acid on D301R was higher than hydrochloric acid.Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of acids were calculated and discussed.

Hydrophilic surface modification of polysulfone hollow fiber membrane was performed by acrylic acid treatment.Stannic chloride was selected as the proper catalyst, and phosphoric acid as the co-catalyst.The modification conditions, such as the ratio of the reagents (acrylic acid∶catalyst=1∶0.05), temperature (30℃) and reaction time (60 min), were optimized based on the contact angle measurements.The grafting of carboxyl group to the membrane surface was confirmed by IR spectrum and wettability analysis, and no degradation of the modified membrane skin or framework was observed with scanning electron microscopy.The experimental results of filtrating bovine serum albumin solutions indicated that the property of resisting protein adsorption on the membrane surface for the modified membrane was much better than that for unmodified membrane.In the process of separating casein hydrolysates, the advantages of modified membrane were also shown by comparing the permeate flux and molecular mass distribution with those of unmodified membrane.

The space-charge（SC）model and Teorell-Meyer-Sievers（TMS）model combined with irreversible thermodynamics model are applied to predict the transport coefficients of nanofiltration membranes in single electrolyte solution.The reflection coefficient has been numerically calculated by the SC model and analytically calculated by TMS model.The results show that the reflection coefficient approaches unit in the range of low-concentration regime and approaches zero in the range of high-concentration.While the diffusion coefficients ratio of co-ion over counterion is less than 1.0;the reflection coefficient is positive over the whole concentration range.When the ratio is larger than 1.0;the reflection coefficient is negative in a certain intermediate concentration region.And the increase of the surface charge density and the decrease of the pore radius cause the increase in the reflection coefficient.The SC model and TMS model show good agreement in the calculation of the reflection coefficient when the dimensionless potential gradient in the pore surfaces is less than 1.0 and the pore radius is less than 5.0 nm.

Least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) based on structural risk minimization, which is a simplified version of standard support vector machine (SVM), is easy to be trained and has good modeling performance.The model precision of LSSVM is decided by its hyper parameters, while it is difficult to find the optimal hyper parameters of LSSVM via grid search and cross validation method.Based on the fast leave one out (LOO) method selecting hyper parameters of LSSVM, with the LOO prediction error on the entire training sample being the object of optimization, the gradient-based optimal algorithm was proposed in this paper to find the optimal hyper parameters of LSSVM.The LSSVM model whose hyper parameters found in this way is called G-LSSVM.To validate the performance of G-LSSVM, a citric acid fermentation process was taken as the benchmarking problem.The result showed that the modeling was time-economized and stable;while both the fitting and predicting performance of G-LSSVM were superior to standard SVM and artificial neural network whose hyper parameters and net structure are chosen by trial.G-LSSVM is recommended to model the chemical engineering process with high non-linearity and small size training sample whose mechanism is not clear.

A modified kernel Hebbian algorithm (MKHA) was proposed to integrate with the kernel principal component regression (KPCR) method for recursive product quality modeling of a two-stage hydro-dearomatization process.The approach to calculating the eigenvalues of centering kernel matrix was derived and the whole algorithm is formulated in a recursive mode.The proposed modeling strategy has an advantage of no need to calculate and store the kernel matrix.The obtained recursive nonlinear dynamic flash point model showed satisfying precision under both normal and faulty operations, and comparison studies with traditional offline KPCR modeling were presented.

Diethylstilbestrol monocarboxymethoxyflurane (DES-MCME) was synthesized by first retouching a phenolic hydroxyl group of DES molecule and using diethylstilbestrol;sodium monochloroacetate and bovine serum albumin as key raw materials.The conjugations of DES-MCME with proteins as a complete antigen were prepared by the mixed acid anhydride method and the conjugations were analyzed by ultraviolet scanning.According to the immune protocol;New Zealand white rabbits were immunized.The results of experimentation showed that isomerism was present in cis-and trans-forms of DES and its derivates;which was effected obviously by polar solvents.High resolution mass spectroscopy revealed that the molecular mass of DES-MCME was 325.The optimal conjugation ratios of immunogen and coating antigen were 13 and 10.The dilution rate of antiserum could reach 102400;through an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The preparation method of DES-MCME was developed.The effectiveness of the artificial antigen of DES was established by high resolution mass spectroscopy and ELISA methods.This could provide the basis for the DES ELISA kit.

Macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene)carrier containing epoxide group was prepared by bulk polymerization using a multiple porogen consisting of nano-granules of calcium carbonate as solid porogen and the mixture of toluene and heptane as liquid porogen.The results revealed that the carrier, with the porosity of 59.82% and specific surface area of 29.60 m·g-1,mainly contained two kinds of pores, macropores (150—400 nm, approximately 60%) and superpores (2000—8000 nm;about 14.9%).The epoxide groups were hydrolyzed in H+ atmosphere to afford hydroxyl group, which subsequently reacted with glutaraldehyde for the immobilization of lipase.The activities of lipase on different carriers were investigated by catalyzing hydrolysis of olive oil.The result showed that the immobilized lipase on the carrier with double pore structure showed the highest activity of catalyzing esterification of lauric acid.Furthermore, the esterification activity of immobilized lipase was also investigated by using the reaction of n-octanol and dodecanic acid in n-hexane.

Ribavirin production by the mixed fermentation of Bacillus substilis TM903 and Corynebacterium glutamicum TL1105 was studied.The inoculum size of TL1105 and the optimal addition of KH2PO4, MnSO4, 1H-[BF]1,2,4-[BFQ]triazole-3-carboxamide (TCA) in the fermentation medium were established initially.Then, the factorial design by MINITAB software was employed to optimize the adding mode of glucose, KH2PO4, MnSO4, TCA, which suggested that MINITAB software was the more effective tool in the culture medium optimization.Under the optimal conditions, the yield of ribavirin was 4.69 g·L-1 after 60 h fermentation with glucose added one-off and KH2PO4, Mn+and TCA fed in batches.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural antioxidant, and nowadays it has been used in medicine, food processing and cosmetic industry.However, to a certain extent its application is restricted because it is only soluble in water but is lipo-insoluble.In this research, liposoluble chlorogenic laurate(CGL) was synthesized by acylation with lauroyl chloride (LC) in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) in non-water phase.It was found that the optimized synthesis conditions were as follows: with dimethylformamide (DMF) as the dissolution agent and thinner, n CGA∶n LC∶n TEA＝1∶1∶1.5, temperature(35±1)℃ and reaction time 8 h.Under these conditions a light yellowish powder was obtained and the yield of CGL was 81.24 %.The structure of CGL was characterized by UV-Vis, IR, ESI-MS and H NMR. Theoretically, the method of quantum chemistry calculation was used to demonstrate the feasibility and rationality of molecular modification for CGA.Meanwhile, the result of the test of the use of CGL on Guangdong-type sausage showed that 0.05% of CGL could increase the antioxidant ability of the products.

Gas production from hydrate reservoir by depressurization is considered the most feasible approach up to date.However, the study on the theory and law of production is fairly scarce.In this paper, experimental work of the decomposition of methane gas hydrate by depressurization in porous media was carried out with the 1D experimental apparatus.A one-dimensional mathematic model was built, which considered natural gas hydrate dissociation kinetics and flow inporous media.This model was used to fit the experimental data, and the derived intrinsic dissociation kinetics constant was in the order of 10 mol·m^-2·Pa^-1·s^-1, which was three orders of magnitude lower than that derived from bulk hydrate dissociation.The model also suggested that the hydrate dissociation kinetics had a great effect on the gas production behavior for the laboratory scale hydrate reservoir.However for a field scale reservoir, the hydrate dissociation kinetics had little effect while the flowability dominated the gas production behavior.

The deflagration experiments were carried out in the 2000 m experimental base to study the enhancement mechanism of deflagration impulse induced by obstacles.Acetylene-air cloud with a 13.3 %(vol) ratio was used as flammable material, which was restricted with 0.02 mm thick polythene film.Positive and negative impulse of deflagration was acquired by means of calculation with pressure recorded by a data-acquisition system whose dynamic responding time was less than 1 ms.Obstacles were composed of plastic binding strip.A series of experiments was completed to research the relations between impulse and obstacle radius, porous ratio and distance from ignition point.The experimental results showed that the deflagration impulse, either positive or negative, was enhanced by obstacles.The deflagration impulse field approximated to cosine curve distribution.The positive and negative impulses increased with increasing barrier radius and with reducing interspaced ratio.

The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of phenol on anaerobic granular sludge was investigated.It suggested that the higher the concentration of phenol, the worse the methanogenic activity, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the activity co-enzyme F420 of the anaerobic granular sludge. At the same time, the activity of anaerobic granular sludge might be rejuvenated completely or partly in case the phenol concentration was relatively low (less than 200 mg·L^-1).

Polymerization of aniline on carbon nanotube/nanocrystalline TiO₂（CNT/nanoTiO2）film electrode performed in 0.5 mol·L^-1 sulfuric acid including 0.2 mol·L-1 aniline with scanning voltage -0.1V—0.9V at scanning rate 50 mV·s^-1.

The electrochemical properties and structure of carbon nanotube/nanocrystalline TiO₂-polyaniline（CNT/nanoTiO₂-PAn）complex film were characterized with cyclic voltammetry（CV）;electrochemical impedance spectra（EIS）;SEM and IR spectra.In addition;electrocatalytic performance of the complex film electrode was investigated for oxidation of ascorbic acid（AH₂）.It was found that the complex film electrode exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward the electrooxidation of ascorbic acid.

Warpage is a serious defect for the injection-molded parts.In this work, an approximate optimization method based on the Kriging model was proposed to do warpage optimization.Molflow software was used to analyze the warpage deformation of the injection-molded parts, and mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time and packing pressure were regarded as process parameters.The Kriging model provided the approximate mapping relationship between warpage and the parameters, replacing the warpage analysis of Moldflow in the optimization.Taking the cover of a phone for example, the result of the example showed that the optimization method could decrease effectively warpage deformation.Moreover, the optimization result and influence factors were analyzed in detail.

First;the macromolecule of vinyl-terminated urethane-acrylate was prepared by using toluene diisocyanate（TDI）;polyether polyol（N210;220）and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate as the monomers;then the urethane-acrylate copolymer was synthesized via frontal free-radical polymerization.The effect of the initiator concentration on the speed and temperature profile of frontal polymerization was investigated.The experimental results showed that FTIR absorption peak of the products synthesized by frontal polymerization(FP)and by batch polymerization(BP) was similar;the thermal stability of the product synthesized by FP was better than that synthesized by BP.

The effects of processing parameters of gas-assisted injection molding(GAIM) on the hollow ratio of the pipe parts was studied.The process parameters, such as melt temperature, mold temperature, gas delay time, melt filled volume and gas pressure, were investigated by means of computer aided engieering(CAE) simulation.Numerical examples showed that the hollow ratio was sensitive to melt filled volume and gas pressure.Melt temperature and mold temperature had no influence on the hollow ratio when the temperature reached a specific range.Gas delay time did not have obvious influence on the hollow ratio.

A superabsorbent resin was prepared through free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution;which used konjac glucomannan（KGM）;acrylic acid（AA）and acrylamide（AM）as raw materials.Graft polymerization was initiated by potassium persulfate（K2S2O8）;with N;N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide（NMBA）was used as crosslinking agent .The relationships between the water absorption of the resin and the amounts of initiator;crosslinker;AA and AM as well as reaction temperature,reaction time were studied.This superabsorbent polymer was capable of absorbing distilled water up to 720 times and 0.9%NaCl solution 110 times in its saturated state at ambient temperature when the mass ratio of KGM to monomer was 1∶4;the amount of initiator was 0.35%（based on the weight of monomer）;the neutralization degree of monomer was 80 %;the reaction temperature was 55～65℃;and the amount of crosslinker was 0.075%（based on the weight of monomer）.Experimental results indicated that the introduction of nonionic group would be suitable for improving absorption ability and salt-resistance of the resulting hydrogels.

The properties of the friction/gasket materials reinforced by a polyacrylonitrile compound pulp,in which the polyacrylonitrile short-cut fiber was uniformly wrapped around by the polyacrylonitrile pulp by a special technology was studied.The short-cut fibers provided the mechanical strength and the highly fibrillated pulp entrapped and held other components and also avoided balling for entanglement between the fibers.The results showed that the friction materials reinforced by the compound pulp had smooth surface, excellent friction and wear properties and the gasket materials reinforced by the compound pulp had high strength, good elasticity and heat-resistance.