A series of extraction equilibrium experiment for L - phenylalanine withdi(2 - ethylhexyl) -phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in n - octane was carried out. The effects of L- phenylalanine concentraction,D2EHPA concentraction and pH on extraction distribution ratio were discussed in detail. The infrared spectrogram of loaded organic phase illustrated that pH condition had little effect on the structure of the complex. There are proton - transfer reaction and ion - exchange reaction in the extraction . One L - phenylalanine is extracted by forming a complex with two dimeric D2EHPA molecules. An expression of the equilibrium distribution was proposed.

A new theoretical analysis and corresponding mathematical modeling of the widely used type of one dimensional flow models and related characteristic flow parameters such as reversion point of flow, Reynolds shear stress, reversion flow position, and so on, were presented to detail the buoyancy - driven two - phase turbulence flow structures in bubble columns. Different relations between the said flow parameters and design parameters were obtained and compared with other mathematical modeling results. Based on the above analysis,a scale - up rule of such reactors was derived from hydrodynamic similarity , that is, with the local maximum Reynolds shear as the characteristic force scale , that is estimated by a theoretical relation provided in the present work, two bubble columns with different scales would have the same or approximate flow patterns and velocity distributions when the two columns have the same or approximate maximum Reynolds shear values. The said rule is verified through a comparison of the prediction results with experimental data available in literature, and good agreements were obtained.

The breakage model including two - body equal - volume birth function and two - body powerlaw death function was used in the agglomeration and breakage population balance model . The new analysis method made the population balance model fit crystal size distribution very well . The results of crystallization kinetic experiment by using MSMPR precipitator has proved that the new method is correct. So a reasonable method of study on agglomeration and breakage of reactive precipitation of procaine ben-zylpenicillium can be obtained .

A new spherical random network model is applied to the problem of diffusion and reaction occurring simultaneously in porous catalysts. The diffusion/reaction equations are solved numerically over the network for the case of a single, isothermal, irreversible first - order reaction. The simulation results show that calculated tortuosities varies with network connectivity as well as the Thiele modulus. This work also suggests that tortuosities obtained under diffusion - only conditions can only be used under the strong reaction control conditions. The simulation results obtained from different network models are carefully analysed and the variation of those are theoretically discussed.

This paper presents a new superstructure model of heat exchanger networks with stream no -splitting based on ranges of stream supply temperatures and the method of simultaneous optimal design of flexible heat exchanger networks synthesis. Firstly, the streams with ranges of supply temperatures are parted. Secondly, a superstructure model of heat exchanger networks is proposed based on rules, and the simultaneous optimal mathematical model of flexible heat exchanger networks synthesis is established. Thirdly, the genetic algorithm is applied to solving the mathematical model established at the second step effectively. Finally, the parting streams are merged and the load of heat exchanger is relaxed , and optimal flexible heat exchanger networks configuration can be obtained very easy. Some case studies demonstrate that the method is effective.

The magnetic flow follower method was used to measure liquid circulation time distribution (CTD) in a stirred bioreactor. CTD was studied in water and CMC solution systems with Rushton turbine and two kinds of axial flow impeller respectively. The mixing performance of the three impellers was evaluated. A structured mixing model was developed for agitated bioreactor with a single impeller. The model parameters were evaluated by fittng the model prediction results with the experiment data of the flow follower method. The parameters under different experimental conditions were investigated and compared. The results showed that the axial impeller had better mixing performance than Rushton turbine for non -Newtonian, high viscous fermentation processes.

The laser scattering technology was used to monitor the aggregation process of silica particles under various conditions and the Smoluchowski equation was used to describe the process theoretically, in which the coagulation kernel was determined by using molecular reaction kinetic method in terms of fractal. The parameters of equation were obtained from the comparison between numerical solution and experimental values and the effects of pH value and temperature were analyzed. The fractal dimension thus determined agreed with computer simulation.

The modification of CMS by coke deposition was studied. The modification factors such as adsorption temperature, cracking temperature and concentration of modification agent were investigated. The adsorption separation of C2H4 and O2 on the modified CMS was evaluated by gravimetric method. The adsorption mechanism of O2 from C2H4 - O2 mixture by the modified CMS was discussed.

By simulating the pilot plant of the alkylation of benzene with propylene over β zeolite in a fixed bubble reactor, the suitable external mass transfer correlation equations from literature were chosed to calculate coefficients and external mass transfer resistance. The resistance values of alkylation process are in the following order: gas - liquid film > liquid - solid film > internal diffusion and reaction.

The concept of interface phase was proposed in this paper with emphasis on its potential applications based on the separation of interface phase and the bulk phase. A method for determination of the volume of interface phase and the distribution of solute between bulk phase and interface phase was established . The distribution ratio of Cu(Ⅱ) was measured under different operation conditions with glucose as tracer, which could be up to 103. It is shown by the results presented in this paper that the process based on interface phase separation may have a high potential of application in the fields of chemical and biochemical engineering.

Hydrous - zirconia sol, which is the precursor of ZrO2 nanoparticle, is produced by the hydrolysis of various ZrOCl2 solution with alcohol - water solvent in microwave oven. The concentrations and alcohol - water ratioes in the mother liquor greatly influenced the average size and its distributions of resulting particles. The stability of aqueous suspensions of submicrometer aaaaaaaaaaaa - Al2O3 with PMAA - NH4 as dispersant was discussed. The preparation process of ZrO2(n) - Al2O3 ceramic nanocomposites by mixing sol with aqueous suspension was presented.

In this paper the bed collapsing properties of three kinds of FCC particles with different average sizes are studied by a new isolated freeboard bed collapsing technique. The bed emulsion phase properties were investigated at high superficial gas velocities. With a video camera the bed collapsing process was recorded and the collapsing curves were obtained. From the collapsing curves the properties of the emulsion phase and the bubble phase were investigated and the effect of the particle average size on thecollapsing properties was analyzed further. The experimental results showed that dp = 30μm particles had the longest collapsing time, the smallest emulsion phase density and the larger bubble phase fraction.The conclusion can be drawn that the dp = 30μm FCC particles possess the most desirable fluidization properties.

In this paper, an experimental and theoretical investigation on the characteristics of factional pressure losses of steam - water two - phase flow in helically coiled tubes was conducted in a wide range of system and flow parameters, which are as follows: system pressure p =0.5 -3.5 MPa; mass flow rate G = 200-4300 kg·m-2·s-1; heat flux q =0-580 kW·m-2; exit mass quality x= -0.01- +1.2. The angle between the central axis of helically coiled tube and horizontal line: θ= 0°, + 45°, 90°, - 45°. The experimental results were analyzed and compared with some correlation and data proposed in previous literature. Based on Chens correlation and our experimental data, a new revised correlation was proposed for the calculation of frictional pressure drop of gas liquid two - phase flow in helically coiled tubes oriented with various axial angles. A good agreement was arrived between the calculated values and experimental data.

Adsorbable gases can be separated by porous ceramic membranes under the capillary condensation mechanism of membrane separation, on which prior study was only limited to pure components. Based on researches of vapor permeation separation of ethanol - water mixtures via modified alumina membranes, this paper optimizes the model equations of capillary condensation mechanism for membrane separation of binary gas mixtures which can calculate the permeability of binary gas mixtures accurately and established the transfer model in porous ceramic membranes which is proved reliable by simulating vapor permeation separation.

This article shows that branched chain explosive reaction can be divided into different explosive regions , and disscuses the macroscopic mechanism of explosion and termination of branched chain reaction separately in different explosive regions according to the experiments and researches about the static explosion of technical gas of synthetic ammonia-air , content of explosive component in the mixture, and experimental characteristic of explosion in branched chain reaction.

The vapor and liquid equilibrium data for N2 - G2H6- CO2 ternary system were measured at temperature 220.00 - 253.15 K and pressure 3.00 - 5.00 MPa. The experimental results were compared with the data calculated with equations of state PR, SRK and LKP. The experimental data were used to determine the optimal binary interaction coefficients kij for these equations of state. All of these equations gave satisfactory results with optimal kij. For all of 105 experimental points the arithmetic average error between experimental and calculated vaper composition data Δγ is 0.0064 for N2, 0.0035 for C2H6, 0. 0050 for CO2 and the error between experimental and calculated pressure data Δp ·p-1 is 1.7 % .

Frother plays an important role in the coal flotation . The frothability of common frothers for coal flotation was measured by using gas pulsation method in this paper. The relationship between froth height and half decaying time was analyzed. A new method for evaluating flotation frothers froth stability has been presented.

In this paper the effect of surface sputtering with diamond - like carbon (DLC) on CaSO4 scale formation was investigated. Fouling runs were carried out under pool boiling conditions with heat fluxes of 100 - 300 kW·m-2 and a saturated CaSO4 concentration at 100℃. The results showed that surface sputtering with DLC reduces CaSO4 scale formation significantly.

The inert gas stripping method has been used to determine the C4 relative volatility in DMF and salt added DMF respectively at infinite dilution. The result showed that salt added DMF was better in separating C4. Through the model calculation of the first extractive distillation tower, the amount of solvent was reduced by 10.5 % and the heat duty decreased by 17.5 % on the reboiler, by 8.0 % on the condenser with salt added DMF, compared with DMF without salt. The idea of adding salt in solvent provided an important reference for separating non - polar system by extractive distillation.

On the basis of Naiver - Stokes equations and KKKKKKKKKKK - 33333333333 turbulence model, the transient hydrodynamics behavior of liquid jet loop reactor with periodically oscillating operation which is carried out by switching of central and circumambient jet was studied. The flow developing time Tv,1 (operation when injection shifted from circumambient to central inlet), Tv,2(operation when injection shifted from central to circumambient inlet) and the whole oscillating period Tv(the sum of fv,1 and Tv,2) were determined. The effects of liquid injection rate, the height of draft tube and the ratio between the diameters of reactor with draft lube on developing time, oscillating period were also investigated.

The effects of ultrasonic treatment on the microbial hydyoxylation transformation of steroid substrate were investigated. Ultrasonic irradiation with comparatively low power and low frequency displayed its notable capability of handling a higher content of steroid substrate for biotransformation. Its function may mainly come from two sides, one is its mechanical action to make the solid substrate finer by interat-trition of those suspended particles, the other is due to its cavitation effect to facilitate easier passage of the fine substrate through the cellular membrane.

The principles of the application of microwave radiation to phyochemical processing of lignocellulose were discussed. As compared with conventional heating method, the possibility and the technical parameters for using microwave radiation to produce activated carbon were studied in the activation of Acacia meavruii willd wood with activating agent zinc chloride. The results shown that it is entirely very possible to apply microwave radiation with activating agent Zinc chloride to producing activated carbon, and microwave radiation has significant effects on the rate of activation and the yield, quality of activated carbon.

At present, studies on the sieve tray tower, one of the oldest towers, are widely carried out. An especially complicated one is on the structures of a sieve tray tower at different bubbles layers and the discrimination between regimes on the tower. This study is limited to direct and qualitative description. Comparatively, the study on the spray regime transferring principles is even weaker. This paper is baaed on the force equilibrium. In the paper, the effect of the local area void fraction in the liquid - gas mixture layer on a sieve bay is considered and the calculation model is developed. The comparision between experimental and the calculation results shows that the model is applicable to practical engineering design.