Effects of surface tension variations on breakup of liquid jet with inner bubbles

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200824

Abstract

Abstract:

A high-speed camera was used to study the effect of surface tension changes on the bursting process of a bubble-containing liquid jet. By changing the concentration of surfactants, liquid jets with different surface tensions are obtained. Six different concentrations of surfactant solution were adapted as the working fluid and the dynamic surface tension was measured. The results show that decreasing surface tension leads to the increase of jet breakup length when the jet is in the Rayleigh regime. The surfactant in the jet has two effects on the jet breakup. On the one hand, surfactants in the jet decreases the dynamic surface tension and the growth rate of the most unstable wave, which leads to the larger jet breakup length. On the other hand, the stretch of the jet results in the inhomogeneous distribution of surfactants on the jet surface, which induces Marangoni effect. The liquid moves towards to the stretch zone of the jet according to the Marangoni stress and jet breakup is delayed, the jet breakup length increases. The expression predicting the breakup length of liquid jet with various surface tension was derived. It was also found that inner bubbles decreased the breakup length of surfactant-laden jet significantly. It is attributed to the combined effect of jet velocity fluctuations due to the bubble and the absorption of surfactants on the bubble.

Key words: jet breakup, surface tension, bubble, fluid mechanics, Marangoni effect

摘要：

使用高速相机研究了表面张力变化对含气泡液体射流破裂过程的影响。通过改变表面活性剂浓度获得了不同表面张力的液体射流。实验发现当液体射流速度保持不变时，减小液体表面张力会增加射流破裂长度。表面活性剂一方面降低了液体动态表面张力，减小了射流表面不稳定波的增长率，增大了射流破裂长度；另一方面表面活性剂在射流表面的非均匀分布会产生Marangoni应力，促使液体向射流变形区运动，从而推迟了射流破裂的发生，增大了射流破裂长度。通过理论分析得到了液体射流破裂长度表达式。发现射流内部气泡会显著缩短含表面活性剂射流的破裂长度。通过气泡扰动射流速度和吸附表面活性剂的分析，揭示了内部气泡对含表面活性剂射流破裂的影响规律。

关键词: 射流破裂, 表面张力, 气泡, 流体力学, Marangoni效应

CLC Number:

O 359⁺.1

WU Zhaowei, SHI Zhehang, ZHAO Hui, ZHOU Wu, CAI Xiaoshu, LIU Haifeng. Effects of surface tension variations on breakup of liquid jet with inner bubbles[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1283-1294.

吴兆伟, 施浙杭, 赵辉, 周骛, 蔡小舒, 刘海峰. 表面张力变化对含气泡液体射流破裂的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1283-1294.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Sketch of experimental setup

Fig.2 Sketch of nozzle

Fig.3 Dynamic surface tension at various surfactant concentrations

Fig.4 lgS-lgt curves of various aqueous

Table 1 Fitting parameters of dynamic surface tension

c	n	lgt^*	R²
3.00×10^-5	0.199	5.93	0.855
1.00×10^-4	0.317	4.32	0.972
1.00×10^-3	0.854	1.45	0.990
5.00×10^-3	0.771	0.919	0.992
1.00×10^-2	0.916	0.929	0.993

Fig.5 Breakup processes of various surfactant-laden jets

Fig.6 Breakup lengths of various surfactant-laden jets

Fig.7 Breakup time of various surfactant-laden jets

Fig.8 Breakup lengths of various surfactant-laden jets (solid lines correspond to fitting curves)

Fig.9 Comparison between experimental results and calculated results

Fig.10 Breakup process of surfactant-laden jet with inner bubbles

Fig.11 Surfactant-laden jet breakup length versus bubble diameter

Fig.12 Surfactant-laden jet breakup length ratios versus bubble diameter

Fig.13 Surfactant-laden jet breakup length ratios at various jet velocities (solid line corresponds to curve of water jet breakup)

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