The present status and development trends of ethylene glycol（EG）production technology are summarized. The oil ethylene route is currently the main process for producing EG in chemical industry. While，the technology of EG from coal meets the energy character of China with high economic efficiency，which would take the advantage of coal resource that is relatively rich in China. After nearly 30 years of research，with the cooperation of enterprises，Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter，CAS，have completed the first industrialization set of EG from coal in the world.

离子液体；萃取精馏；萃取剂；汽液平衡；无限稀释活度系数

Ionic liquids（ILs）are organic salts generally composed of an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion with a low melting point（＜100 ℃），low flammability，negligible vapor pressure，high ionic conductivity，wide electrochemical window and broad adjustable properties. In the past two decades，ionic liquids have been widely used as “green solvents” replacing traditional organic solvents for gas separation and supported liquid membrane. Polymerizable ionic liquis（PILs）are a class of ionic liquids that contain polymerizable groups such as carbon-carbon double bond. Solid polymerized ionic liquids were found to absorb carbon dioxide with a higher absorption capacity at a much faster absorption rate than room-temperature ionic liquids. We have prepared ion conductive membrane with high stability，high strength and high conductivity by using the blend of PVDF and PILs. Ionic liquids provided a new development platform for researches in mitigation of energy shortages and environmental pollutions.

This review describes the recent research progress in microfluidic techniques applied in micro/nano-particle synthesis，including conventional microfluidic laminar flow and hydrodynamic focusing flow，microfluidic-formed disperse and continuous phases，and microdropletting，etc. The microfluidic techniques applied to synthesis of micro/nanoparticles appear developing trends from continuous flow to dispersed one. In addition，more sophisticated microfluidic devices specialized for particle synthesis are also described. Finally，some basic issues related to micromixing method for synthesis of micro/nanoparticles are discussed.

Discharge plasma interacted with liquids are considered to have an important value for applications in decomposition of organic compound in wastewater，liquid phase chemosynthesis and nanomaterial creation. This review discusses the gas-liquid plasma reactor structure and the research status of its application. The mechanism of the interaction of plasma with liquids is aslo discussed. Furthermore，the application prospects of this technology are presented.

Polypropylene（PP）is one of the rapidest growing materials in the world. For the outstanding performance and huge market demand，the production of high fluidity polypropylene further stimulates the development of polypropylene industry. In this paper，the production situation of high fluidity polypropylene is presented，and the current research and development trends in production techniques，such as controlled rheology and catalyst techniques，including internal and external donor techniques，are reviewed.

A novel variable-scale model is proposed based on lattice gas automata（LGA）to describe the macroscopic behavior through microscopic gas-solid interactions. Flow field is divided into two-deck hexagon lattices of different scales，solid particles and gas pseudo-particles are aligned in the lattices for solid and gas. In addition to basic LGA rules，additional rules of collision and propagation are specifically designed for the gas-solid system. A statistical method of macroscopic properties and the conversion of model parameters with hydrodynamic properties are established. Simulations for the dynamic behavior of gas-solid two phase flow in a fluidized bed with one layer of louver baffle based on this model show good agreements with the experimental results in literature. These calculated results show that the model is feasible and can be efficiently used in engineering community.

Isolation of β-methylnaphthalene from the 230～250℃ fractions of ethylene tar was studied by using an extraction-rectification method. The quinoline compounds and indole in the ethylene tar were firstly extracted with 80% sulfuric acid，through which the extracted residue contains only trace amount of quinoline，and the amount of indole is reduced from 2.06% to 0.08%. The extracted ethylene tar was then rectified yielding β-methylnaphthalene with 96.73% purity and an yield close to 60%. Compared with the distillation，crystallization and recrystallization process，the current method provides β-methylnaphthalene with lower impurity content and higher purity.

Vacuum batch extractive distillation is a potential technology for the separation of compounds with close boiling point and azeotropic mixtures. By using N，N-dimethylmethanamide（DMF）as a single extractive solvent and the mixture of DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide（DMSO）as a mixed solvent，the vacuum batch extractive distillation process for ethyl acetate-ethanol separation was simulated by a constant molar holdup model. The mathematical model is a group of stiff equations and was resolved by the pursuit method. The simulation agreed well with experiment results. The simulation results illustrated that vacuum operation could intensify the batch extractive distillation process.

Research progress in microwave promoted biodiesel synthesis is summarized in terms of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis processes. Compared with heterogeneous catalysis process，most studies have focused on homogeneous catalysis. Basic catalysts are used widely than acid catalysts for the faster transesterification reaction rate in homogeneous process，while side reactions are prominent. In heterogeneous process，both basic and acid catalysts have been used，in which activated carbon supported catalysts are frequently used for the advantages of low cost and high performance，but the catalyst lifetime needs to be prolonged.

Polyethersulfone ultrafiltration（UF）membrane with an average pore size of 25 nm was used for preparing W/O diesel emulsion. With the help of UF membrane，emulsification was accomplished by dispersing  deionized water into 0^#diesel oil using Tween-20 and Span-80 as surfactant in each phase. Nanoparticles formed at the permeate side of the membrane are swept away by the recirculating organic phase inside the membrane module when the aqueous phase is forced to pass through the membrane. The prepared diesel emulsion demonstrated 200%—250% longer stability and 50%—65% less emulsifier consumption compared with those prepared with traditional methods，such as high speed homogenization.  In addition，the impact of operating parameters，such as emulsifier dosage，flow rate and organic phase pressure，on emulsion properties was also discussed. Results illustrated that emulsified diesel with nanoparticle sizes of as small as 30—65 nm and a distribution coefficient a of 0.12—0.3 could be obtained at a transmembrane pressure of 0.02 MPa and a cross flow rate of 2.0—5.0 m/s with the mass content of emulsifier higher than 0.5%.

CaO is a non-toxic and easy available catalyst with high transesterification activity and little solubility in reaction media，hence it is widely considered as one of the most promising solid base catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Improvement in catalytic activity has been investigated by combining，loading or doping with other materials. This paper provides a review on CaO-based catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from catalyst preparation，physical properties，chemical properties and transesterification activity.

Supported ionic liquids have the merits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts featuring high activity，facile isolation and good repetition. The selection of carrier is crucial in organic reactions catalyzed by supported ionic liquids. This paper provides a review on the research advances in carriers for supported ionic liquids in organic reactions. Prospects for future development is discussed.

The development of non-noble catalysts such as M-N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction（ORR）is reviewed. Parameters that affect catalyst activity towards the ORR，such as thermal-treatment conditions，metal precursors and loading，carbon supports and synthesis methods，are summarized，and the limitations of existing research works are discussed. In order to obtain commercially feasible，cost-effective and innovative non-noble electrocatalysts，catalytic mechanism study and catalyst synthesis optimization are two crucial points for the discovery of new catalyst with good performance.

TiO₂-SiO₂/ZrO₂ catalyst was prepared using ZrO₂ as carrier and characterized with XRD and SEM. The catalyst was used for catalytic combustion of toluene，and the effect of temperature，gas flow rate and inlet concentration of toluene was investigated. Results showed that the TiO₂ particles with anatase phase have been successfully fixed on the surface of ZrO₂. As the increase in temperature，both the catalytic rate of toluene and the productivity of CO₂ were increased，while the productivity of CO was decreased. 100% catalytic rate of toluene was achieved at 350℃. The increase in gas flow rate could lead to the increase in catalytic rate of toluene，the productivity of CO was a little increased while the productivity of CO₂ was decreased. When the inlet concentration of toluene was increased from 25 mg/L to 100 mg/L，the catalytic rate of toluene was decreased gradually，the productivity of CO₂ was decreased and the productivity of CO was a little increased.

It is a current research focus for bottom-up designing high performance nono-gold catalyst. This paper introduces the advanced synthesis routes on the basis of citric acid，mercaptan and dendrimer methods，these controlled synthesis would clarify nano-structure and beneficial for supporting. Progress of chemical and electrochemical catalysis with nano-gold are analyzed，and it is realized that the exploration on the quantum double-layer and molecular-like effects in electro-catalysis would likely make breakthrough in the fields of fuel cell and biosensor.

Rosin is an important natural resource，rosin-based polyacids are modified products from rosin through D-A diene addition reactions according to the differences of dienophile，with which rosin-based binary，tertnary and quaternary acids can be prepared respectively. Corresponding pure products can be obtained upon post-processing. Rosin-based polyacids derivatives can be made through esterification and acylcation，which have applications in papermaking，printing ink，paint，adhesives，pharmaceuticals，bio-pesticide and so on. This paper reviews the research progress in preparation and application of rosin-based polyacids，and prospects for future development are also presented.

Molar ratio of Li and Fe，glucose quantity，sintering time and temperature are four factors influencing the electrochemical properties of LiFePO₄/C cathode material. By using an improved solid-state reaction，an orthogonal test with four factors and three levers was designed to optimize the synthesis conditions of LiFePO₄. Some cathode materials with excellent electrochemical performance were synthesized under these optimized conditions. Structure and electrochemical properties of the produced materials were caracterized by using XRD，SEM，cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra. Without using ball milling，this improved solid state reaction method is propitious to industrial production. The first discharge specific capacities of the optimized samples were 133.2 mAh/g at 0.2 C and 112.5 mAh/g at 1.0 C under room temperature. After 30 cycles，the capacity at 0.2 C remained stable at about 133.1 mAh/g and fell down to 106.8 mAh/g at 1.0 C.

CaWO₄ with different morphologies were prepared with microemulsion route and characterized by XRD，FESEM and PL spectra. With careful control of the surfactant CTAB concentration in the microemulsion system，CaWO₄ with quasisphere-like，flower ball-like and spindle-like morphologies were obtained，respectively. CaWO₄ samples have a tendency to become larger in size with the increase in reactant concentration and reaction time. Room temperature PL spectra of the CaWO₄ samples are peaked at 410—430 nm，the luminous intensity and peak position are different for samples with different morphology.

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were treated with mixed acids to produce carboxyl groups  and then functionalized with hyperbranched macromolecules through “grafting from” and “grafting to” methods. The functionalized carbon nanotubes were characterized by SEM，FTIR，TGA-DSC，XRD and acid-base titration. Results showed that the hydroxyl group densities on the surface of carbon nanotubes obtained from the “grafting from” and “grafting to” methods are 24.74 mmol/g and 20.04 mmol/g respectively. The hyperbranched poly（amine-ester）modified carbon nanotubes showed a significantly improved dispersion. The modified carbon nanotubes provided a convenience for further functionalization and application.

Photocatalysis antibacterial fiber was prepared by using titanium butyrate as a precursor integrating techniques of anatase nano-TiO₂ preparation and chemical modification，in which grafted of fiber surface was formed by esterification of the hydroxyl groups on nano-TiO₂ with the carboxyl groups on the fiber. Effects of concentration，pH value，temperature and time on the graft ratio were studied. Results showed that the antibacterial ability of fiber is enhanced with the increase in graft ratios. A graft ratio of 16.40% was achieved with 0.1 mol/L of concentration at pH 4 under 75 ℃ for 2 h.

Blends of thermoplastic polyester elastomer（TPEE）with carboxy nitrile rubber powders（XNBR）were prepared by melt blending and the phase structure，tensile properties and dynamic rheological properties were investigated. Scanning electron microscope（SEM）observation showed that XNBR weight fraction within 5% of the TPEE matrix can be fragmented into nanometer-sized dispersion，and XNBR aggregates can be formed at higher concentration. TPEE can be strengthened and toughened with the addition of a small amount of XNBR. The blends showed a strength improvement with about 13.6%. Measurements of dynamic rheological properties showed that the complex viscosity increased with the addition of XNBR，while the storage modulus and loss modulus remained the same as that of TPEE.

β-Cyclodextrin polymer（β-CDP）microspheres were synthesized from β-cyclodextrin（β-CD）by inverse emulsion polymerization with epichlorohydrin as a crosslinking agent. Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics as well as adsorption mechanism of β-CDP microspheres for p-nitrophenol（p-NP）from aqueous solution were investigated. Static adsorption isotherms at different temperatures illustrated that adsorption of p-NP on β-CDP microspheres reached a balance after 2h. The adsorption fitted with the first- and second-order dynamic equations，and the correlation coefficients were 0.9915 and 0.9998，respectively. The Langmiur and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations were adapted for the adsorption characteristics of β-CDP microspheres for p-NP at temperatures of 298 K，318 K and 338 K. The enthalpy change（ΔH），free energy change（ΔG）and entropy change（ΔS）were all negative，and the adsorption was a spontaneous，endothermic and enthalpy promoting process.

Engineering strain was acquired by transforming directly evolved plasmid from the incubated conservation bacterium E. coli BL21（DE3）pLysS/PET-15b-dhaT’-24 to the host cell E. coli BL21（DE3）pLysS. The lactose induced engineering strain was fermented to acquire 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase（PDOR）with 182 U/mL activity. The optimal reaction pH was 10 and the pH stabile range was 7.0—9.0. The optimal reaction temperature was 55 ℃ and stabile temperature range was 30—45 ℃. 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde（3-HPA）was catalysed by the PDOR to produce 1,3-propanediol（1,3-PD）. The reaction was coupled with another reaction of glycerol dehydrogenase（GDH，acquired from another engineering strain）to realize NADH regeneration. Thus，1,3-PD coupling enzymatic catalysis was constructed. Due to the two enzymes from engineering strains showed suitable characteristics，the reaction was continued for 34 hours and 63.4% translation rate of 3-HPA，64.6% 1,3-PD production rate were acquired.

2-Ethylhexyl p-dimethylamiobenzoate was synthesized with higher yield，lower cost and nontoxicity，which is easier realized for large-scale industrial production. Dimethylamino benzoic acid and isooctanol were used as starting materials without any solvent by using p-toluenesulfonic acid as a esterification catalyst. The reaction proceeded as much as possible to remove the produced water under highly reduced pressure，and the reaction temperature was controlled in a range between 110℃and 120℃. The reaction conditions of the esterification without solvent should be emphasized that the temperature was between 110 and 120 ℃ at a negative pressure of 0.095 MPa for 6h. The molar ratio of dimethyl-aminobenzoic acid with isooctanol was 1∶3.5. 2-Ethylhexyl p-dimethylamiobenzoate yield was higher than 90% based ondimethyl-aminobenzoic acid.

A novel intramolecular complex primary antioxidant，2,6-di-tert-butyl-р-aminophenol was sythesied from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol via nitration and reduction. The synthesis conditions of were optimized by orthogonal design and conditional experiment. The final product （melting point 112.2—113.3 ℃）was obtained in 80% yield with zinc powder as reducing agent，8% of ω（CaCl₂），45% in volume of calcium chloride solution，50% in volume of ethanol，and at 80 ℃ for 8h of reaction. The product was confirmed as desired by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The antioxidation performance for polyethylene was evaluated by measurements of melt flow rate and oxidation induction time. Results showed that the synthesized complex primary antioxidant can prevent the oxidative degradation of polyethylene during processing and service life.

Pyrolysis is a novel technology in recovery of waste tyre attracted much attention. This review describes comprehensively the pyrolysis technology，influencing factors，product characteristics and application. Main existing problems and development tendency of the pyrolysis process are discussed. Pyrolysis product quality improvement and recovery utilization are suggested to be the most promising research directions.

Numerical simulation for selective catalytic reduction（SCR）system of power plant is of economic，efficient and practical advantages. Based on literature investigation，the application of numerical simulation technology in flue gas denitration is reviewed. The development of mathematical models for SCR reaction is summarized，including kinetics and rate order based models. The numerical simulation for SCR system and catalyst channels is discussed. The coupling of three-dimensional turbulent flow and SCR reaction is proposed as an important development direction for SCR simulation.

Membrane bioreactor（MBR）has received great attention in wastewater treatment and reclamation. Membrane fouling is a major obstacle that hinders faster commercialization of MBR. This review summarizes the influence of metal ions on the filterability of mixed sludge in MBR and extracellular polymeric substances（EPS）and soluble microbial products（SMP）on membrane fouling. In order to provide more detailed information between metal ions and the filterability of mixed sludge in MBR，the mechanism of metal ions in bio-flocculation is described according to DLVO theory，the alginate theory and the divalent cation bridging（DCB）theory. Prospects for the future trends in filterability study of mixed liquor are discussed.

Cellulosic ethanol is an important component of renewable energy，in which the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the key technologies. The conversion process based on cellulolytic enzyme seems to be the most promising one. An effective pretreatment is necessary to alter the structure of cellulosic biomass to make cellulose more accessible to the enzyme. For the advantages of without additional chemicals，less inhibitory products and higher pentosan recovery，liquid hot water pretreatment become attractive. This paper reviews the properties of liquid hot water and its application in biomass pretreatment，especially the process and mechanism. Prospects of research and application of liquid hot water pretreatment are also discussed.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride（[bmim]Cl）was used to dissolve cellulose in sugarcane bagasse and cellulose regeneration. Influence of temperature，NaOH concentration and time on the dissolution of cellulose in sugarcane bagasse was investigated. The regenerated cellulose from ionic liquid（IL）was characterized using X-ray diffraction，FT-IR spectroscopy and TGA. Results showed that [bmim]Cl is a good solvent for cellulose and at optimal conditions of 80℃ for 90min with 1% NaOH solution for cellulose activation，by which 48% of dissolution rate of cellulose was achieved. It was also observed that [bmim]Cl is a non-detribalizing solvent for cellulose. The regenerated cellulose from IL showed a crystalline form of cellulose II and was less thermally stable than pure cellulose.

Viscose-activated carbon fiber（V-ACF）modified by low-temperature N₂ and O₂ plasma with dielectric barrier discharge（DBD）was studied for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction（SCR）of NO. Structure of the plasma modified V-ACF was characterized by BET，SEM，NH₃-TPD and FT-IR. Experimental results showed that the optimal surface modification time was 5 and 10 minutes for N₂ and O₂ plasma，respectively. The optimal reaction temperature was 100℃. Surface modification of V-ACF by low-temperature plasma technology could greatly improve the NO removal rate. V-ACF modified by N₂ plasma showed higher NO removal rate than that modified by O₂ plasma.

A slime-forming bacterial strain N1 was isolated from Songhua River，which was identified as Micrococcus according to morphological observation，as well as identification of physiological and biochemical indexes. A dynamic simulation system with stainless steel tube heat exchanger was used to study the influences of the total number of bacteria change on the fouling resistance of the heat transfer surface at industrial working environment. On-line monitoring results showed that the total number of bacteria changes are positively related to the fouling resistance. The sticky mud on the tube wall was analyzed and proved containing 10⁷ cfu/mL of the micro-organisms. Elemental analysis indicated that the major ingredients of sticky mud are C，O，N and Cl similar to the essential composition of micro-organisms. Thus，the strain N1 was proved to have the characteristics of adhesion to heat transfer surface and forming the sticky mud，which is very significant for understanding the formation mechanism of microbial fouling，especially the changes at the start-up phase of fouling formation. These results may provide a basis for the design of heat transfer equipments with high-performance.

Anaerobic digestion is a very slow process with a long retention time，since the hydrolysis is the main rate-limiting step. In order to solve this problem，ultrasound was utilized to promote the anaerobic digestion process by disrupting sludge flocs and microbial cell walls. Results showed that ultrasound treatment could obviously improve the anaerobic biodegradability of sludge，and the hydromechanical shear force produced by ultrasonic cavitations was responsible for sludge disintegration.

An industrial sidetrack tester for amidation liquid separation using centrifugal extractor was set up，and effects of rotor speed and inlet flow rate on separation performance were studied. Results showed that the rotor speed and inlet flow rate have important influence on separation performance. An increase in rotor speed will improve the processing capacity. The present work has verified the effectiveness of amidation liquid separation using centrifugal extractor.