基于分离系数校正的稀土萃取流程模拟

doi:10.11949/.0438-1157.20191481

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于基于稀土萃取机理的流程仿真模型没有考虑萃取槽的萃取效率，导致模型输出的各级组分含量难以符合工业实际工况，为此，本文将机理模型与数据驱动的方法相结合，建立基于分离系数校正的稀土萃取流程模拟。首先，在相对分离系数的稀土萃取流程机理模型的基础上，引入分离系数校正值，实现对稀土萃取机理模型的扩充；其次，运用数据驱动方法，利用斐波那契树优化算法对各级校正值进行优化求解，并使用MATLAB GUI，开发稀土萃取流程模拟系统；最后，结合工业现场实际数据，验证本文流程模拟在工况改变时的动态性能，结果表明本文所建流程模拟符合稀土萃取流程实际工况。

关键词: 稀土萃取, 组分含量, 分离系数校正, 斐波那契树优化算法, 流程模拟

Abstract:

Because the process simulation model based on rare earth extraction mechanism does not consider the extraction efficiency of the extraction tank, it is difficult for the content of the components output by the model to meet the actual industrial conditions. Therefore, this paper combines the mechanism model with a data-driven method to establish the rare earth extraction process simulation which based on the correction of separation coefficient. Firstly, on the basis of the rare earth extraction process mechanism model with relative separation coefficient, the correction value of separation coefficient is introduced to expand the mechanism model of rare earth extraction. Secondly, the data-driven method and Fibonacci tree optimization algorithm(FTO) are used to optimize the correction value at all levels, and MATLAB GUI is used to develop the rare earth extraction process simulation system. Finally, according to the actual data of industrial field, the process of rare earth extraction is simulated and verified when the working condition is changed. The results show that the simulation of the process constructed in this paper conforms to the actual working conditions of the rare earth extraction process.

Key words: rare earth extraction, component content, separation coefficient correction, FTO, process simulation

中图分类号:

TP 391.9

杨辉, 代文豪, 陆荣秀, 朱建勇. 基于分离系数校正的稀土萃取流程模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3180-3190.

Hui YANG, Wenhao DAI, Rongxiu LU, Jianyong ZHU. Simulation of rare earth extraction process based on separation coefficient correction[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 3180-3190.

图/表 13

图1 稀土串级萃取生产流程

Fig.1 Process flow of rare earth countercurrent extraction

表1 稀土萃取分离各级中的实际分离系数

Table 1 Actual separation coefficient in different stages of rare earth extraction and separation

级数	相邻分离系数	相对分离系数
萃取段	$β i = 1, β 2, ?, β L, β L + 1, 1 L + 2, ?, 1 N - 1, 1 N$	$β C / 1 = ∏ i = 1 C β i$
进料级	$β i = 1, β 2, ?, β L, β L + 1, β L + 2, ?, β N - 1, β N$	$β C / 1 = ∏ i = 1 C β i$
洗涤段	$β i = 1, 12, ?, 1 L - 1, β L, β L + 1, ?, β N - 1, β N$	$β C / N = ∏ i = 1 C β i$

表1 稀土萃取分离各级中的实际分离系数

Table 1 Actual separation coefficient in different stages of rare earth extraction and separation

级数	相邻分离系数	相对分离系数
萃取段	$β i = 1, β 2, ?, β L, β L + 1, 1 L + 2, ?, 1 N - 1, 1 N$	$β C / 1 = ∏ i = 1 C β i$
进料级	$β i = 1, β 2, ?, β L, β L + 1, β L + 2, ?, β N - 1, β N$	$β C / 1 = ∏ i = 1 C β i$
洗涤段	$β i = 1, 12, ?, 1 L - 1, β L, β L + 1, ?, β N - 1, β N$	$β C / N = ∏ i = 1 C β i$

表2 有机相进料体系的物料分布

Table 2 Component distribution of organic phase feed system

级序	$G ˉ$	G
1	$S ˉ$	$f B'$
…i…	… $S ˉ$ …	…W…
n-1	$S ˉ$	W
n	$S ˉ$ +1	W
n+1	$S ˉ$ +1	W
…j…	… $S ˉ$ +1…	…W…
n+m-1	$S ˉ$ +1	W
n+m	$f A'$	W

表2 有机相进料体系的物料分布

Table 2 Component distribution of organic phase feed system

级序	$G ˉ$	G
1	$S ˉ$	$f B'$
…i…	… $S ˉ$ …	…W…
n-1	$S ˉ$	W
n	$S ˉ$ +1	W
n+1	$S ˉ$ +1	W
…j…	… $S ˉ$ +1…	…W…
n+m-1	$S ˉ$ +1	W
n+m	$f A'$	W

图2 FTO算法求解校正值K的流程图

Fig.2 Flow chart of FTO solving K

表3 CePr/Nd萃取过程主要工艺指标

Table 3 Main process indexes of CePr/Nd extraction process

参数	数值
料液中Ce组分含量(质量分数)	0.4445
料液中Pr组分含量(质量分数)	0.1842
料液中Nd组分含量(质量分数)	0.3713
Ce/Pr的分离系数	2.03
Pr/Nd的分离系数	1.55
萃取段级数n	26
洗涤段级数m	34
萃取量 $S ˉ$	0.99
出口指标P_A,P_B	0.9995,0.9995

表3 CePr/Nd萃取过程主要工艺指标

Table 3 Main process indexes of CePr/Nd extraction process

参数	数值
料液中Ce组分含量(质量分数)	0.4445
料液中Pr组分含量(质量分数)	0.1842
料液中Nd组分含量(质量分数)	0.3713
Ce/Pr的分离系数	2.03
Pr/Nd的分离系数	1.55
萃取段级数n	26
洗涤段级数m	34
萃取量 $S ˉ$	0.99
出口指标P_A,P_B	0.9995,0.9995

表4 FTO选取不同参数的性能指标

Table 4 Performance indexs of FTO with different parameters

P-Q	MIN	MAX	MEAN	STD
4-5	6.05×10^-11	2.21×10^-8	7.34×10^-9	7.64×10^-9
4-6	2.51×10^-12	8.94×10^-9	1.76×10^-9	2.94×10^-9
4-7	6.13×10^-13	6.87×10^-9	2.35×10^-9	2.12×10^-9
4-8	1.33×10^-16	2.38×10^-9	3.50×10^-10	7.38×10^-10
4-9	9.83×10^-15	4.65×10^-9	7.76×10^-10	1.44×10^-9
4-10	1.11×10^-13	1.15×10^-9	1.90×10^-10	3.54×10^-10
5-6	7.10×10^-18	1.36×10^-8	2.49×10^-9	4.39×10^-9
5-7	6.13×10^-13	2.89×10^-9	1.19×10^-9	1.02×10^-9
5-8	3.51×10^-19	2.88×10^-10	3.73×10^-11	8.97×10^-11
5-9	4.19×10^-17	1.00×10^-9	1.65×10^-10	3.07×10^-10
5-10	2.58×10^-16	2.32×10^-10	4.52×10^-11	8.53×10^-11
6-7	7.41×10^-19	6.01×10^-10	7.35×10^-11	1.86×10^-10
6-8	3.33×10^-¹⁹	2.34×10^-¹²	3.94×10^-¹³	7.37×10^-¹³
6-9	3.33×10^-¹⁹	2.46×10^-9	2.68×10^-10	7.72×10^-10
6-10	3.33×10^-¹⁹	1.21×10^-10	2.70×10^-11	4.55×10^-11
7-8	7.62×10^-17	1.09×10^-9	1.65×10^-10	3.50×10^-10
7-9	3.33×10^-¹⁹	4.95×10^-10	9.44×10^-11	1.95×10^-10
7-10	3.33×10^-¹⁹	6.71×10^-10	6.72×10^-11	2.12×10^-10
8-9	3.33×10^-¹⁹	1.00×10^-9	2.00×10^-10	3.58×10^-10
8-10	3.33×10^-¹⁹	1.33×10^-10	2.48×10^-11	5.15×10^-11
9-10	3.90×10^-18	6.12×10^-11	7.47×10^-12	1.90×10^-11

图3 各级系数计算值

Fig.3 Calculated values of coefficients at all stages

图4 稀土萃取流程模拟系统结构图

Fig.4 Structure diagram of rare earth extraction process simulation system

图5 稀土萃取流程模拟系统界面

Fig.5 Main interface of rare earth extraction process simulation system

表5 CePr/Nd萃取过程料液组成

Table 5 Component of feed in CePr/Nd extraction process

组分	含量（质量分数）
Ce	0.5124
Pr	0.1468
Nd	0.3408

图6 本文流程模拟系统计算的各级组分含量值和实际值对比

Fig.6 Comparison between content calculated by process simulation system and actual values

表6 流程模拟系统的性能指标

Table 6 Performance standard value calculated by process simulation system

组分	MEANRE/%	MAXRE/%	RMSE
Ce	0.3894	4.4792	6.706×10^-5
Pr	0.3513	3.9512	4.228×10^-5
Nd	0.1791	3.7665	3.9071×10^-5

图7 流程模拟系统计算后各级各组分含量的相对误差的绝对值示意图

Fig.7 Absolute value of relative error of each component content after calculation of process simulation system

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